1. Al Roth's Game Theory And Experimental Economics Page Includes introductory articles, papers on history, methodology, and philosophy, abstracts from scientific magazines, bibliographies, some materials on the emerging (consulting) business of economic design and many links. Provided by Al Roth at Harvard University. http://www.economics.harvard.edu/~aroth/alroth.html

Al Roth's game theory and experimental economics page Last updated 6/03/04...comments and suggested links welcome... al_roth"at"harvard.edu I am the George Gund Professor of Economics and Business Administration in the Department of Economics at Harvard University , and in the Harvard Business School My mailing addresses, phone numbers, and other contact info are here. (Here is my one paragraph HBS biography My research interests are in game theory, in experimental economics, and in market design (for which game theory, experimentation, and computation are natural and complementary tools). My Fall 2003 course in Experimental Economics My Spring 2004 Market Design course with Estelle Cantillon (most of the links are in the syllabus). Job market candidates : Some of my students, postdocs, and research associates who were on the job market this year. (updated 5-18-04) You can scroll through this page, or jump to some of the following topic headings. very short introductory articles on bargaining, matching, and experimental economics. [last updated 9/18/03] short articles on history, methodology, philosophy.

2. Combinatorial Game Theory Many upto-date links, and a short introduction. http://www.ics.uci.edu/~eppstein/cgt/

Combinatorial Game Theory Combinatorial Game Theory studies strategies and mathematics of two-player games of perfect knowledge such as chess or go (but often either concentrating instead on simpler games such as nim, or solving endgames and other special cases). An important distinction between this subject and classical game theory (a branch of economics) is that game players are assumed to move in sequence rather than simultanously, so there is no point in randomization or other information-hiding strategies. The bible of combinatorial game theory is Winning Ways for your Mathematical Plays , by E. R. Berlekamp , J. H. Conway, and R. K. Guy; the mathematical foundations of the field are provided by Conway's earlier book On Numbers and Games . Many papers from the more recent collections Games of No Chance and More Games of No Chance are now also available online. If you haven't read these, get thee to a library! Recent additions: Twixt Fanatic , David Bush's page of Twixt information, also with links on other games including Dots+Boxes and Hex. (Added November 2003.)

3. Game Theory game theory. game theory is the study of the ways in which strategic interactions among rational Despite the fact that game theory has been rendered mathematically and logically http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/game-theory

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A B C D ... Z This document uses XHTML-1/Unicode to format the display. Older browsers and/or operating systems may not display the formatting correctly. last substantive content change JUN Game Theory Game theory is the study of the ways in which strategic interactions among rational players produce outcomes with respect to the preferences (or utilities ) of those players, none of which might have been intended by any of them. The meaning of this statement will not be clear to the non-expert until each of the italicized words and phrases has been explained and featured in some examples. Doing this will be the main business of this article. First, however, we provide some historical and philosophical context in order to motivate the reader for all of this technical work ahead. 1. Philosophical and Historical Motivation 2. Basic Elements and Assumptions of Game Theory 2.1 Utility 2.2 Games and Information ... Related Entries 1. Philosophical and Historical Motivation The mathematical theory of games was invented by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern ( ). For reasons to be discussed later, limitations in their mathematical framework initially made the theory applicable only under special and limited conditions. This situation has gradually changed, in ways we will examine as we go along, over the past six decades, as the framework was deepened and generalized. Refinements are still being made, and we will review a few outstanding philosophical problems that lie along the advancing front edge of these developments towards the end of the article. However, since at least the late 1970s it has been possible to say with confidence that game theory is the most important and useful tool in the analyst's kit whenever she confronts situations in which one agent's rational decision-making depends on her expectations about what one or more other agents will do, and theirs similarly depend on expectations about her.

4. David Levine's Economic And Game Theory Page uses the tools of modern economics and game theory to explore how the interaction of intelligent goalseeking individuals determines social outcomes 2000 references to published and working papers in economic and game theory. The center also has an archive in which http://levine.sscnet.ucla.edu/

Economic and Game Theory by David K. Levine general research classes ... David "Practical men, who believe themselves to be quite exempt from any intellectual influences, are usually the slaves of some defunct economist." John Maynard Keynes Game Theory Commentary IP Vita ... ETC This site uses the tools of modern economics and game theory to explore how the interaction of intelligent goal-seeking individuals determines social outcomes. Find out more about game theory. If you wish to link to these pages, please use www.dklevine.com and not levine.sscnet.ucla.edu. Thanks, David. Site news In an effort to provide news more regularly, I've migrated most of the "posting" to a database and provided a more "blog-like" interface. Much additional material will be migrated to the new system in the near future. [Posted at 05/25/2004 02:18 PM by David K. Levine Read the latest on intellectual property Drafts of the first four chapters of Michele Boldrin's and my new book Against Intellectual Monopoly is available online. Information about my

5. Game Theory Society Founded in January 1999, the society aims to promote the investigation, teaching, and application of game theory. game theory studies strategic interaction in competitive and cooperative environments. Board of the game theory Society consists of worldleading game theorists, including http://www.gametheorysociety.org/

Founded in January 1999, the society aims to promote the investigation, teaching, and application of game theory. Game theory studies strategic interaction in competitive and cooperative environments. Only fifty years old, it has already revolutionized economics, and is spreading rapidly to a wide variety of fields. It develops general mathematical formulas and algorithms to identify optimal strategies and to predict the outcome of interactions. Still, much real-world strategic interaction cannot be fully understood with current tools. To make further progress, the field needs to gain more experience in applications to the real world. Just as important, the theory needs to be further developed to take account of the complexity of many of those applications. The five-member Advisory Board of the Game Theory Society consists of world-leading game theorists, including Nobel Prize winners. The council consists of leading game theorists from the U.S., Asia and Europe. The 180 charter members make up the vast majority of world-leading experts in game theory and its connections to economics, mathematics, statistics, political science, evolutionary biology, computer science, experimental psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Contact

6. History Of Game Theory AN OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF game theory. by Paul Walker. The first textbook on gametheory was John Charles C. McKinsey, Introduction to the Theory of Games. http://william-king.www.drexel.edu/top/class/histf.html

AN OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF GAME THEORY by Paul Walker 1 April 1995 Other economic and game theoretic material on this server. Timeline: Ancient Times The Present The Babylonian Talmud is the compilation of ancient law and tradition set down during the first five centuries A.D. which serves as the basis of Jewish religious, criminal and civil law. One problem discussed in the Talmud is the socalled marriage contract problem: a man has three wives whose marriage contracts specify that in the case of this death they receive 100, 200 and 300 respectively. The Talmud gives apparently contradictory recommendations. Where the man dies leaving an estate of only 100, the Talmud recommends equal division. However, if the estate is worth 300 it recommends proportional division (50,100,150), while for an estate of 200, its recommendation of (50,75,75) is a complete mystery. This particular Mishna has baffled Talmudic scholars for two millennia. In 1985, it was recognised that the Talmud anticipates the modern theory of cooperative games. Each solution corresponds to the nucleolus of an appropriately defined game. In a letter dated 13 November James Waldegrave provided the first, known, minimax mixed strategy solution to a two-person game. Waldegrave wrote the letter, about a two-person version of the card game le Her, to Pierre-Remond de Montmort who in turn wrote to Nicolas Bernoulli, including in his letter a discussion of the Waldegrave solution. Waldegrave's solution is a minimax mixed strategy equilibrium, but he made no extension of his result to other games, and expressed concern that a mixed strategy "does not seem to be in the usual rules of play" of games of chance.

7. Game Theory .net - Resources For Learning And Teaching Strategy For Business And game theory resources for educators and students lecture notes, textbooks, interactive game theory applets, online games. A resource http://www.gametheory.net/

A resource for educators and students of game theory. Lecture Notes Online notes for teaching game theory. Pop Culture Game theory in movies and music. Books Reviews of textbooks. News Game theory in the popular press. Interactive Materials Java applets and online games. Games Strategy games to test your skill. Evaluation materials, print and online. Dictionary Glossary of game theory concepts. Q U I C K L I N K S Links Other resources on the web About Site information Updates What's new? Privacy Our policy FAQ Common questions Awards Site honors Contact Us Comments, suggestions Home Lecture Notes Books Pop Culture ... Mike.Shor@owen.vanderbilt.edu Updated 25 May 2004

8. What Is Game Theory? confess, 10,0, 1,1. Economic and game theory What is game theory? There are twomain branches of game theory cooperative and noncooperative game theory. http://levine.sscnet.ucla.edu/general/whatis.htm

not confess confess not confess confess Economic and Game Theory What is Game Theory? by David K. Levine Department of Economics UCLA top ... David "You treat world history as a mathematician does mathematics, in which nothing but laws and formulae exist, no reality, no good and evil, no time, no yesterday, no tomorrow, nothing but an eternal shallow, mathematical present." Otto Hess An Instructive Example Readings About Game Theory What economists call game theory psychologists call the theory of social situations, which is an accurate description of what game theory is about. Although game theory is relevant to parlor games such as poker or bridge, most research in game theory focuses on how groups of people interact. There are two main branches of game theory: cooperative and noncooperative game theory. Noncooperative game theory deals largely with how intelligent individuals interact with one another in an effort to achieve their own goals. That is the branch of game theory I will discuss here. In addition to game theory, economic theory has three other main branches: decision theory general equilibrium theory and mechanism design theory . All are closely connected to game theory. Decision theory can be viewed as a theory of one person games, or a game of a single player against nature. The focus is on preferences and the formation of beliefs. The most widely used form of decision theory argues that preferences among risky alternatives can be described by the maximization the expected value of a numerical utility function, where utility may depend on a number of things, but in situations of interest to economists often depends on money income. Probability theory is heavily used in order to represent the uncertainty of outcomes, and Bayes Law is frequently used to model the way in which new information is used to revise beliefs. Decision theory is often used in the form of decision analysis, which shows how best to acquire information before making a decision.

9. Game Theory by Roger McCain at Drexel University. http://william-king.www.drexel.edu/top/eco/game/game.html

10. Center For Game Theory You will be relocated to our new website at www.gtcenter.orgin 5 seconds. Please click here if nothing happens. http://www.sunysb.edu/gametheory/

You will be relocated to our new website at www.gtcenter.org in 5 seconds. Please click here if nothing happens.

11. Game Theory .net game theory .net game theory .net provides resource material to educators and students of game theory and its applications to economics, business, political science, computer science, and other http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.gametheory.net/&y=029D0A912D0546

12. Game Theory .net - Online Interactive Games And Applets game theory .net A resource for educators and students of game theory. InteractiveMaterials. play competitive games which incorporate game theory. http://www.gametheory.net/html/applets.html

A resource for educators and students of game theory. Interactive Materials Java applets, online simulations and games. View interactive applets to ... play the repeated prisoner's dilemma (play, simulate, ...) find equilibria and solve games (simultaneous, sequential, ...) understand mixed strategies (random sequences, ...) understand probability (Bayes rule, paradoxes, ...) overcome uncertainty (winner's curse, risk, ...) build and design games online simulate evolutionary games (game of life, ...) play competitive games which incorporate game theory Prisoner's Dilemma Repeated prisoner's dilemma Mike Shor Play a repeated Prisoner's Dilemma against five different "personalities." Spatial Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma Peter Gibbins Watch the evolution of defection of tit-for-tat in a spatial context. Spatial Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma Serge Helfrich Simulates the evolution of cooperation or defection. Evolution of Cooperation Eric Klopfer Simulates the success of mutant strategies in an established population. Axelrod simulation Select strategies for a round-robin tournament and see how well each performs.

13. Combinatorial Game Theory Elwyn's research in the field, including several papers. http://www.math.berkeley.edu/~berlek/cgt/index.html

Home / Game Theory Home Publications Research Interests Algorithms Applied Analysis Games Dots-and-Boxes Konane Amazons Mathematical Go ... and Site Credits What's Hot in Game Theory? Siegel's new cgsuite Games: Konane Amazons Go Clobber ... General Background Other Publications on Game Theory: Journal Articles Conference Proceedings and Technical Reports Books

14. NONZERO Robert Wright summarizes his book Nonzero The Logic Of Human Destiny , which uses game theory to develop a philosophy of history. http://www.nonzero.org/intro.htm

NONZERO THE LOGIC OF HUMAN DESTINY By ROBERT WRIGHT Home Thumbnail Summary Introduction Table of Contents and Excerpts Excerpts from Reviews About the Author Buy the Book Introduction PART I: A BRIEF HISTORY OF HUMANKIND The Ladder of Cultural Evolution The Way We Were Add Technology and Bake for Five Millennia The Invisible Brain ... Degrees of Freedom PART II: A BRIEF HISTORY OF ORGANIC LIFE The Cosmic Context The Rise of Biological Non-zero-sumness Why Life Is So Complex The Last Adaptation PART III: FROM HERE TO ETERNITY Non-crazy Questions You Call This a God? Appendix I: On Non-zero-sumness Appendix II: What Is Social Complexity? Introduction THE STORM BEFORE THE CALM A great many internal and external portents (political and social upheaval, moral and religious unease) have caused us all to feel, more or less confusedly, that something tremendous is at present taking place in the world. But what is it? —Pierre Teilhard de Chardin The Nobel laureate Steven Weinberg once ended a book on this note: "The more the universe seems comprehensible, the more it also seems pointless." Far be it from me to argue with a great physicist about how depressing physics is. For all I know, Weinberg's realm of expertise, the realm of inanimate matter, really does offer no evidence of higher purpose. But when we move into the realm of animate matter—bacteria, cellular slime molds, and, most notably, human beings—the situation strikes me as different. The more closely we examine the drift of biological evolution and, especially, the drift of human history, the more there seems to be a point to it all. Because in neither case is "drift" really the right word. Both of these processes have a direction, an arrow. At least, that is the thesis of this book.

15. Strategy And Conflict An Introductory Sketch Of Game Theory Strategy and Conflict An Introductory Sketch of game theory This is a set of essays covering several game theory concepts. The author states "I have tried to limit these pages to fairly http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://william-king.www.drexel.edu/top/eco/game

16. Experience From A Course In Game Theory The second edition of an interactive paper originally published in Games and Economic Behavior, focused on webbased teaching. Contains links to more than 40 experiments and their results. Provided by Ariel Rubinstein at Princeton University. http://www.princeton.edu/~ariel/99/gt100.html

Second Edition: Oct 1999 Academic Press Ariel Rubinstein Abstract This is a revised version of my paper with the same title published in Games and Economic Behavior , 28 (1999), 155-170. The paper summarizes my experience in teaching an undergraduate course in game theory in 1998 and in 1999. Students were required to submit two types of problem sets:pre-class problem sets, which served as experiments, and post-class problem sets, which require the students to study and apply the solution concepts taught in the course. The sharp distinction between the two types of problem sets emphasizes the limited relevance of game theory as a tool for making predictions and giving advice. The paper summarizes the results of 43 experiments which were conducted during the course. It is argued that the crude experimental methods produced results which are not substantially different from those obtained at much higher cost using stricter experimental methods. My sincere thanks to my two excellent research assistants, Yoram Hamo, during the 1998 course, and Michael Ornstein, during the 1999 course and in the writing of the paper and its revised version. 1. Introduction

17. Political Game Theory Political game theory. The following games are interesting because theyabstract the essence of various forms of political interaction. http://goanna.cs.rmit.edu.au/~geoff/political.html

Political Game Theory The following games are interesting because they abstract the "essence" of various forms of political interaction. They are even more interesting when you attempt to formulate (good) computer algorithms to play them. I became acquainted with most of these games at an excellent 3rd yr philosophy course "Games and Decisions" given by John Collins and Frank Jackson at Monash University. Except for Barktok these are drawn from Michael Laver's book "Playing Politics". Primitive Politics - a nasty game where only the "bank" is the winner. Coalitions - an ugly expose of internal party politics. Log Rolling - a game which examines bargaining over multiple issues, also quite a fun card game. $100 Dollar Game - a very simple game to examine cooperation among large groups. Bartok - a very simple Uno-like game in which the rules change.

18. Game Liberation A game about game theory by Jesper Juul. http://www.jesperjuul.dk/gameliberation/

When games are studied, they are often cast in the image of one or more well-known and well-described cultural phenomena. ("The narrative structure of games", "Games as movies" etc...) Sometimes they are dismissed as products of pure commercial interests. Or games are seen as matters of psychology or even pathology: Why do they play games. As I see it, we need to acknowledge games as something unique. They may in some situations and in certain ways relate to well-described pastimes and forms of expression, but it is time to take them seriously on their own. This game is all about that. You are a games theorist. Your object is to defend games (and yourself) from the imperialism of a thousand theories. Navigate the four levels of narratology, psychology, film theory, and pathology. Control the spaceship with your mouse. -Jesper Juul Credits: 3D graphics by Mads Rydahl. Programming and crude graphics by Jesper Juul.

19. Game Theory As A Part Of Empirical Economics part of the 100th anniversary of the Royal Economic Society, in Roth, AE game theoryas a Part of Empirical Economics, Economic Journal, January 1991, vol. http://www.economics.harvard.edu/~aroth/empirica.html

This paper originally appeared as part of the 100th anniversary of the Royal Economic Society, in Roth, A.E. "Game Theory as a Part of Empirical Economics," Economic Journal , January 1991, vol. 101, 107-114. Game theory as a part of empirical economics by Alvin E. Roth There is something slightly madcap in agreeing to make a hundred year prophecy about a field of study less than fifty years old, particularly a field that has undergone considerable evolution in that time. Yet this is the situation of game theory. Although it has antecedents going back much further (e.g. in the work of Cournot, Edgeworth, and Zeuthen), game theory did not become a coherent field until the publication in 1944 of von Neumann and Morgenstern's Theory of Games and Economic Behavior . And many of the extensions and reformulations that shaped modern game theory came only in the 1950's and 60's, in the work of Aumann, Harsanyi, Nash, Shapley, Selten, and others. I will also speculate about the future of experimental economics, which is one of the toolsbut by no means the only one- -that I anticipate will play an important role in helping game theory bridge the gap between the study of ideally rational behavior and the study of actual behavior. Although it too has older antecedents, experimental economics is also a fairly new line of work, having originated more or less contemporaneously with game theory. Indeed, many of the earliest experimental economists are today known primarily as distinguished game theorists, and were drawn to experimentation by the chance to test game theoretic predictions, and observe unpredicted behavior, in a controlled environment (see e.g. the experimental work in the 1950's and 60's of Maschler, Nash, Schelling, Shubik, and Selten

20. Preface Provides an introduction to the field. http://william-king.www.drexel.edu/top/eco/game/preface.html

Preface These pages are essentially my "Game Theory: An Introductory Sketch," with a few corrections. The second offering of my course in 1997 caused me to consider a major rewriting and extension of it, which would incorporate more of the theory background for the examples, and some new ideas and examples. The outline in the frame to the left will suggest the scope of the revision I had in mind. However, this html work has never been written. Nevertheless, I am returning the existing essays in this slightly changed form, moved mostly by the number and passion of the requests users have sent me. Well, the number, anyway. It had also seemed that there were errors to correct, and there were some, the original having been done in a great hurry; and in some of these cases I have taken the time to verify that the original was correct. If I have missed any substantive errors, please let me know. So these pages join the mass of Web documents that are perpetually "under construction." The topics on the left that have been written have hyperlinks in the contents screen to the left. There will be no further work on this version, as my game theory text is now in print (see left.)

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