81. SCG News Page A large link list of superconductivity data bases, free journals, papers and news, and university institute sites by a Korean PhD. candidate. Also available in Korean language. http://superconductor.com.ne.kr/index.html

home Board search Superconductivity - General Materials Applications A B ... What's new Home pages by : Topics -A lphabetic order Database On-line Journals Manufacturers ... photo gallery This site is intended for superconductivity-related scientists. Coming events (conference, symposium, workshop.....) from 'High-Tc Update' site. Links related on Superconductivity. The European Network for Superconductivity SCENET superconductors.org Administrator : Ki Uk, Kim Last modified: 18/04/2003

82. Nanotechnology Industry Portal A description of research that has demonstrated proximity induced superconductivity within individual DNA molecules. Feb. 23, 2001. http://nanotech.about.com/science/nanotech/library/news/blnews34a.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Logistics / Supply Chain Home Essentials ... Get our Search Box zau(256,152,180,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Logistics Supply Chain Management Industry Initiatives Reference Shelf ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Logistics / Supply Chain newsletter. Search Logistics / Supply Chain Nanotechnology Industry Definition of Nanotechnology : From the About Physics site. Review this definition on nanotechnology to begin developing an understanding of this field of science which will have significant impacts on the future of Logistics and Supply Chain Management. Molecular Logistics : Although it will be many years before commercial applications of these technologies emerge, developments are now coming fast and furious. It is important for logisticians to stay abreast of these breakthroughs and provide industry input into the development of nanotechnology and teleportation... A Walk on the Small Side - Nanotechnology : When the concept of nanotechnology first surfaced, some believed it was simply a daydream, others a budding nightmare. Alas, as in ancient times, technology spawned doubt, fear, probably a few urban legends... and jubilant creativity.

83. Applied Superconductivity superconductivity. Applied superconductivity by Wolsky, AM © 1989 William Andrew Publishing/Noyes Title Details Ordering Info http://www.knovel.com/knovel2/Toc.jsp?SpaceID=10057&BookID=355

84. Superconductivity superconductivity. v2.0.3 / 01 may 04 / greg goebel / public domain. * superconductivity 1 THE DISCOVERY OF superconductivity / HTS. * superconductivity http://www.vectorsite.net/ttspcon.html

Index Home SiteMap Updates ... Email Comments Superconductivity v2.0.3 / 01 may 04 / greg goebel / public domain * "Superconductivity" is the state in which a material has literally no resistance to electrical current. The phenomenon was discovered early in the 20th century, but for most of the following decades it remained little more than a curiosity. The materials that exhibited superconductive behavior only did so if they were cooled to within a few degrees of absolute zero, which limited their use to highly specialized applications. Interest in superconductivity skyrocketed in the late 1980s when materials were discovered that remained superconductive at relatively high temperatures, but after the initial excitement wore off, development of practical applications proved painfully slow. However, by the end of the century, work towards applications of superconductive materials in power electric systems, sensors, and digital electronics finally seemed to be on track. This document provides an overview of superconductive principles, materials, and applications. [1] THE DISCOVERY OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY / HTS [3] SQUIDS [4] JOSEPHSON JUNCTION LOGIC SYSTEMS [1] THE DISCOVERY OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY / HTS * Superconductivity was discovered in 1911 by Dutch physicist Heike Kammerlingh Onnes. He discovered that when mercury was cooled by liquid helium to 4 degrees Kelvin, it lost all resistance to electrical current. Onnes would later win the Nobel prize for this work. Later research showed that many metals, such as tin, lead, and niobium, were also superconductive when cooled to extremely low temperatures.

85. Institute For Technical Physics Primary emphasis on superconductivity technology. At the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany. http://www-extern.fzk.de/stellent/groups/public/documents/published_pages/itp_in

86. SwetsWise: Login www.swetswise.com/link/access_db?issn=08961107 superconductivity Laboratory at the University of OsloWelcome to noframe version of our site. http://www.swetswise.com/link/access_db?issn=0896-1107

87. Physics Central Physics In Action - Superconductivity About superconductivity. The magnets that levitate these trains are an application of superconductivity. Metals are good conductors of electric current. http://www.physicscentral.com/action/action-01-3.html

matters of state gravity waves far out planets whole grains ... physics in action archives About Superconductivity How would you like to board a Maglev train and then speed off to your destination at more than 300 miles per hour? The magnets that levitate these trains are an application of superconductivity Metals are good conductors of electric current. That is, they have very low electrical resistance, but this resistance is not zero. A voltage difference is still required to generate the current in the metal, and the metal heats up while the current is flowing. The electrical resistance of an object depends on its temperature and declines slowly as the temperature falls. Early in the last century, however, a Dutch physicist discovered that a sample of mercury, when cooled below a certain temperature close to absolute zero, loses all electrical resistance. When the mercury is in this state, an electric current flows indefinitely, even in the absence of any applied voltage. This effect is called "superconductivity." The table lists the everyday metals that exhibit superconductivity and the temperature below which electrical resistance disappears. These elements require cooling by liquid helium to become superconductors. Such materials are called "low-temperature superconductors." Much later, in the 1980s, physicists discovered ceramic compounds that exhibit superconductivity at temperatures as high as -145º Celsius. This temperature is high enough that the materials need be cooled only with liquid nitrogen, which is far less expensive to do than with liquid helium.

88. Sciserv.pl -- Usage NREL Basic Sciencessuperconductivity A great deal of current research and development in high-temperature superconductivity focuses on the development of superconducting wires and other system http://scienceserver.cilea.it/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=journals&journal=096

89. Pohang Superconductivity Center Photos. Pohang superconductivity Center, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790784, Korea Tel. +82-0562-279-2073 (5824) Fax. +82-0562-279-5299. http://www-ph.postech.ac.kr/~psc/helloen.html

Korean Position Available High Tc Superconductivity Activities ... Photos Pohang Superconductivity Center, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea Tel.: +82-0562-279-2073 (5824) Fax.: +82-0562-279-5299 Please send an e-mail to director of PSC or web master PSC is supported by Creative Research Initiative Program of Ministry of Science and Technology.

90. The Physics Of Superconductivity From Virtual Physics not all links work The Physics of superconductivity. CONTENT. General superconductivity Sites and Publications. http://www.physics.uoguelph.ca/nicol/supercond/resources.html

From Virtual Physics - not all links work The Physics of Superconductivity CONTENT General Superconductivity Sites and Publications Applications The Basics of high-temperature superconductivity Heavy-Fermion Superconductivity ... Crystal Structures 3-Dimensional VRML models HomePages of SuperPhysicists Fullerene Related Links General Superconductivity Sites and Publications SUPNET - A European network: physics of superconducting arrays SUPRAS another network - info from Belgium The High-Tc Update - recent publications in superconductivity Superconductivity - LANL electronic publications Superconductivity and Materials Related WWW Resources SUPR-CON: Preprint server for Superconductivity The Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY Elsevier A searchable publications database IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity SOLIDSTATE a bibliographic database from Cambridge Scientific Abstracts VSM - Refence Search Applications Superconducting Maglev Technology - Japan High Tc Supeconducting Magnetic Coil - from NASA Superconducting mixers and microbolometers Superconducting Super Collider Superconducting motor - Oak Ridge Cryogenic CMOS for superconducting/semionducting hybrid systems Superconducting planar transmission lines Magnetic Sails Oversampling A/D Converter Based on Superconducting Electronics ... IBM AND QUANTUM MAGNETICS AGREE TO COMMERCIALIZE SUPERCONDUCTING TECHNOLOGY The Basics of high-temperature superconductivity

91. 2004 GRC On Superconductivity superconductivity September Welcome to the 2004 Gordon Research Conference on superconductivity at Queen s College, Oxford. The http://www.grc.uri.edu/programs/2004/supercon.htm

Superconductivity September 19-24, 2004 Queen's College Oxford, UK Chair: Dirk Van Der Marel Vice Chair: J.C. Seamus Davis Welcome to the 2004 Gordon Research Conference on Superconductivity at Queen's College, Oxford. The aim of this conference is to present a forum for discussion of superconductivity in cuprates, cobaltates, alkalides, C60, actinides, borides, heavy fermion materials, etc. The conference will focus on the physical properties and materials aspects of superconductivity, such phase as diagrams, electronic structure, spectroscopic properties, to mention just a few. The mechanisms causing superconductivity may be quite different from case to case, which is an important aspect which we seek to highlight during this conference. We strongly encourage the participation of scientists in the initial stages of their career, by their active participation in informal discussion groups and poster sessions. The organizers encourage those from groups underrepresented in science and engineering to attend and has funding earmarked for members of these groups." SUNDAY 2:00 pm - 9:00 pm Arrival and Check-in 6:00 pm Dinner 7:30 pm - 9:30 pm Opening Session Discussion leader: Peter Littlewood (Cambridge University) Mohit Randeria (Tata Institute) Theory of the Superconducting State of High Tc Cuprates Gabriel Aeppli (London University College) Spinfluctuations and superconductivity 9:00 pm - 9:10 pm General discussion and/or selected short contributions MONDAY 7:45 am - 8:30 am Breakfast 9:00 am - 12:30 pm

92. Invalid Archive Name 'cond-mat.supr-con' superconductivity and Modern Alchemy Has the Philosopher s Stone superconductivity and Modern Alchemy. Has the Philosopher s Stone Been Found? Table of Contents. Transcript of a February 1995 introductory http://xxx.lanl.gov/archive/supr-con

Invalid archive name 'cond-mat.supr-con' Choose one of the following archives Astrophysics (astro-ph) Condensed Matter (cond-mat) Computer Science (cs) General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat) High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) Mathematics (math) Mathematical Physics (math-ph) Nonlinear Sciences (nlin) Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) Physics (physics) Quantitative Biology (q-bio) Quantum Physics (quant-ph) or from one of the following archives which no longer accept submissions (most have been subsumed into the archives listed above) Accelerator Physics (acc-phys, subsumed into physics.acc-ph) Adaptation, Noise, and Self-Organizing Systems (adap-org, subsumed into nlin.AO) Algebraic Geometry (alg-geom, subsumed into math.AG) Atmospheric-Oceanic Sciences (ao-sci, subsumed into physics.ao-ph) Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (atom-ph, subsumed into physics.atom-ph) Bayesian Analysis (bayes-an) Chaotic Dynamics (chao-dyn, subsumed into nlin.CD)

93. DOE Superconductivity - Electric Power, Energy, And High-Tc Superconductivity superconductivity, electric power applications of superconductors technology, hightc conductors and other related subject resources. http://www.osti.gov/RETIRED/sup/supindex.html

The Superconductivity (SUP) subject portal is no longer available. Other Subject Portals

94. CRPP Superconductivity - Home Page CRPP superconductivity, Section of the Center for Research in Plasma Physics of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, participating in EURATOM http://crppsc.web.psi.ch/

95. Www.eucas2003.it/ Physics Encyclopedia superconductivity and Superfluiditysuperconductivity and Superfluidity. Physics Main Help Your comments superconductivity site includes introduction, theories, uses, quiz etc.. http://www.eucas2003.it/

96. Superconductivity Technology Center At ANL Argonne National Laboratory HighTemperature superconductivity R D in Brief Since the discovery of superconductivity at temperatures exceeding the boiling http://superconductivity.et.anl.gov/

Cu O (YBCO) -coated conductors. This work focuses primarily on the development of the inclined substrate deposition method for producing suitably textured templates on which continuous, biaxially textured YBCO films can be grown. The objective of this research is to develop a fabrication method that is adaptable to the efficient and economical manufacturing of long-length coated conductors. Test specimens carrying over 0.5 MA/cm In collaboration with industrial partners, Argonne is developing a flywheel energy storage system and an FCL that are based on HTS materials. Argonne continues to collaborate with industry, utilities, universities, and other national laboratories in the development and application of HTS materials. These pages are covered by Argonne National Laboratory's standard and security notice If you experience problems with these pages, contact the

97. Superconductivity superconductivity. superconductivity is infinitely more than a physics phenomena of the first order. 2. And it’s all about superconductivity! http://www.halexandria.org/dward156.htm

Superconductivity Superconductivity is infinitely more than a physics phenomena of the first order. It may be one of the fundamental linking mechanisms in an unlimited and connected universe. The physics is referenced, for example, in the Scientific References , but for those looking for a quick and dirty explanation, the following will provide an inkling of the immensity of the subject. Just keep in mind that any U. S. patent application which includes anywhere in its text the word “superconductivity” is automatically sent to the Department of Defense for review. That should be convincing evidence that this subject is worth investigating. Most, but not all, conductors of electrical current, when cooled sufficiently in the direction of absolute zero (0 o K, -273.15 o C), become superconductors. The superconducting state itself is one in which there is zero electrical resistance and perfect diamagnetism. [1] This means that current flowing through a superconducting circuit does not experience i R heating (current squared times the resistance), and the current can flow indefinitely. Also, diamagnetism is the property of a substance to become magnetized in a direction at right angles to an applied magnetic field (Michael Faraday discovered the effect in 1846 that when such substances were brought near the pole of a strong magnet, they were

98. Howstuffworks "What Is Superconductivity?" superconductivity is a phenomenon observed in several metals and ceramic materials. When these materials are cooled to temperatures http://science.howstuffworks.com/question610.htm

ComputerStuff AutoStuff ElectronicsStuff ScienceStuff ... PeopleStuff Top Subjects Car Engines Lock Picking Nuclear Bombs Tattoos ... Gas Turbine Engines Sponsored By: Categories Earth Science Engineering Life Science Military ... Browse the Science Library Explore Stuff Lidrock.com Big List of Articles Get the Newsletter Shop or Compare Prices ... Search HSW and the Web Search Google Main Science ShortStuff What is superconductivity? Superconductivity is a phenomenon observed in several metals and ceramic materials. When these materials are cooled to temperatures ranging from near absolute zero (-459 degrees Fahrenheit, degrees Kelvin, -273 degrees Celsius) to liquid nitrogen temperatures (-321 F, 77 K, -196 C), they have no electrical resistance. The temperature at which electrical resistance is zero is called the critical temperature T c ) and varies with the individual material. For practical purposes, critical temperatures are achieved by cooling materials with either liquid helium or liquid nitrogen. The following table shows the critical temperatures of various superconductors: Material Type T c (K) Zinc metal Aluminum metal Tin metal Mercury metal YBa Cu O ceramic TlBaCaCuO ceramic Because these materials have no electrical resistance, meaning electrons can travel through them freely, they can carry large amounts of electrical current for long periods of time without losing energy as heat. Superconducting loops of wire have been shown to carry electrical currents for several years with no measurable loss. This property has implications for

99. Superconductivity Above the critical temperature, or the critical field strength,then superconductivity fails, and so the conductor s opposing field collapses and the magnet http://www.egglescliffe.org.uk/physics/supercond/bob.html

SUPERCONDUCTORS TOPICS INTRODUCTION Superconductors are materials which below a critical temperature have a resistance of zero. They can carry currents that will not decay and are very useful in the development of super computers. They fall into two categories, type 1 and type 2. Which one they belong to is dependent upon the effect that a magnetic field has upon them. Type 1 SUPERCONDUCTORS Are perfect diamagnets below their critical temperature, that is they repel any magnetic flux that attempts to enter. This means that a strong enough magnet will induce a current in the conductor. This will produce an opposing magnetic field and the magnet will float above the superconductor. This is called the Meissner- Ochsenfeld effect. Above the critical temperature, or the critical field strength,then superconductivity fails, and so the conductor's opposing field collapses and the magnet drops. The Meissner-Ochenfeld Effect Type 2 SUPERCONDUCTORS The original superconductors like mercury all fall into the category of type 1 conductors. As research continued a new group emerged. These had two critical field strengths for a given temperature. Below the lower one, these materials, (mostly alloys, with the exception of niobium and vanadium) act exactly like type 1 superconductors, and above the higher field strength act like normal materials at low temperatures. But between these field strengths the superconductors have a unique properties that type 1 conductors don't. They have a resistance of zero (the definition of a superconductor), but do allow a certain amount of flux penetration (a magnetic field exists inside the conductor). This means that they are no longer a perfect diamagnet.

100. Center Of Superconductivity http://www.biu.ac.il/ESC/htslab/

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