41. Superconductivity superconductivity. superconductivity is a phenomenon which occurs in certain materials and is characterized by the absence of electrical resistivity. http://www.americanmagnetics.com/tutorial/supercon.html

Superconductivity Superconductivity is a phenomenon which occurs in certain materials and is characterized by the absence of electrical resistivity. Until recently, this phenomenon had been restricted to metals and alloys with transition temperatures of less than 23K. In 1986, superconductivity was discovered in a ceramic material. This precipitated an onrush of ceramic based superconductors with transition temperatures as high as 120K. The ceramic-based materials are commonly known as high temperature (HTc) superconductors while the metallic and alloy materials are called low temperature (LTc) superconductors. Currently, only low temperature superconductors are of interest to the magnet designer and manufacturer. Superconductors are divided into two types depending on their characteristic behavior in the presence of a magnetic field. Type I superconductors are comprised of pure metals, whereas Type II superconductors are comprised primarily of alloys or intermetallic compounds. Both, however, have one common feature: below a critical temperature , T c , their resistance vanishes.

42. Welcome To Uchida's Group Homepage Uchida's Group, working on hightemperature superconducting. http://lyra.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/

Uchida's Group Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo. last updated: Jun. 28, 2003. MENU How to Contact Us Current Research Recent Achievement Published Activities ... Members UPDATED! Major Apparatuses A Small Tour to Our Lab Links FZ(members only) ... manuals(members only) Questions and comments: uchida@phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp since Nov. 11, 1997.

43. Rial Vacuum S.p.A. - UHV E Criogenia, UHV And Cryogenics Products and services in the ultrahigh vacuum, cryogenics and superconductivity sectors. Distribuitors list. http://www.rialvacuum.com

Rial Vacuum S.p.A. - Prodotti e servizi nei settori dell'ultra alto vuoto, della criogenia e della superconduttività. Products and services in the ultra-high vacuum, cryogenics and superconductivity sectors UHV, cryogenics, superconductivity UHV, criogenia, superconduttività criogenia, cryogenics, superconduttività, superconductivity, ultra alto vuoto, ultra high vacuum, UHV, impianti UHV, UHV plants, criostati, cryostats, componenti criogenici, cryogenic components, camera da vuoto, vacuum chamber,leak detection, leak detector, cercafughe

44. Www.sucon.cam.ac.uk/uksucon.html superconductivityThis site has been removed by it s creater until further notice. http://www.sucon.cam.ac.uk/uksucon.html

45. American Superconductor Develops commercial applications of superconductor technology and products for the global power industry. Information about superconductivity; products; employment in the industry; and investment. (Nasdaq AMSC) http://www.amsuper.com/

American Superconductor Corporation (Nasdaq: AMSC) is a world-leading supplier of dynamic reactive power grid stabilization products and the world's principal vendor of high temperature superconductor (HTS) wire and large rotating superconductor machinery. Choose an Application Semiconductors Industrial Wind Energy Utility Ship Propulsion American Superconductor High Temperature Superconductor Wire Powers Prototype Coil for Japanese Maglev Train System Superconducting Maglev Test Vehicle Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) has successfully utilized AMSC’s high temperature superconductor (HTS) wire in a prototype electromagnetic coil designed for use as the lifting component in JR Central’s magnetically levitated (maglev) train system. Read the press release For more information on JR Central’s recent announcement regarding the advantages of switching from LTS to HTS electromagnets and accompanying photographs and charts, click here. American Superconductor to Present at RBC Capital Markets American Superconductor Receives Order for Two D-VAR® Voltage Control Systems for Large North American Wind Farm American Superconductor Reports Fiscal 2004 Fourth Quarter and Year End Results American Superconductor High Temperature Superconductor Wire Powers Prototype Coil for Japanese Maglev Train System ... American Transmission Company Purchases From American Superconductor Six D-SMES Tranmission Grid Reliability Systems Previously Owned By Wisconsin Public Service

46. Superconductivity - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia superconductivity. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. superconductivity is a Theories of superconductivity. Since the discovery http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductivity

Superconductivity From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Superconductivity is a phenomenon occurring in certain materials at low temperatures , characterised by the complete absence of electrical resistance and the damping of the interior magnetic field (the Meissner effect Superconductivity occurs in a wide variety of materials, including simple elements like tin and aluminum , various metallic alloys , some heavily-doped semiconductors , and certain ceramic compounds containing planes of copper and oxygen atoms . The latter class of compounds, known as the cuprates , are high-temperature superconductors. Superconductivity does not occur in noble metals like gold and silver , nor in ferromagnetic metals. In conventional superconductors , superconductivity is caused by a force of attraction between certain conduction electrons arising from the exchange of phonons , which causes the conduction electrons to exhibit a superfluid phase composed of correlated pairs of electrons. There also exists a class of materials, known as unconventional superconductors , that exhibit superconductivity but whose physical properties contradict the theory of conventional superconductors. In particular, the so-called high-temperature superconductors superconduct at temperatures much higher than should be possible according to the conventional theory (though still far below room temperature .) There is currently no complete theory of high-temperature superconductivity. Table of contents 1 Elementary properties of superconductors 1.1 Zero electrical resistance

47. Index Manufactures advanced magnets, cryostats and SRF cavities. The company provides low cost equipment and a variety of services to scientific community of accelerators, superconductivity and cryogenics. http://www.amacintl.com/

About AMAC News Releases Technologies Capabilities ... Contact AMAC International Inc. based in Newport News, Virginia is a high tech company operating at the cutting edge of technologies: high RF power input couplers windows, superconducting Mag-Lev, cryogenic transfer lines tanks, carbon nanotubes, and special magnet designs are considered our specialty. In addition to our engineering capabilities, AMAC serves as a representative/consultant for manufacturers interested in exporting their products into Asia. AMAC currently represents more than 14 companies located in the US, Europe, and Japan. Dr. Quan-Sheng Shu , President of AMAC is a world wide recognized scientist who has a strong background in the fields of accelerators, superconductivity and cryogenics. AMAC Intl, Inc. Applied Research Center, Suite 348 Tel: (757)249-3595 2050 Jefferson Ave Fax: (757)249-3594 Newport News, VA 23606, USA E-mail: info@AMACintl.com

48. Superconductivity - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia superconductivity. (Redirected from Superconductor). superconductivity is a phenomenon Theories of superconductivity. Since the discovery of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductor

Superconductivity From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Redirected from Superconductor Superconductivity is a phenomenon occurring in certain materials at low temperatures , characterised by the complete absence of electrical resistance and the damping of the interior magnetic field (the Meissner effect Superconductivity occurs in a wide variety of materials, including simple elements like tin and aluminum , various metallic alloys , some heavily-doped semiconductors , and certain ceramic compounds containing planes of copper and oxygen atoms . The latter class of compounds, known as the cuprates , are high-temperature superconductors. Superconductivity does not occur in noble metals like gold and silver , nor in ferromagnetic metals. In conventional superconductors , superconductivity is caused by a force of attraction between certain conduction electrons arising from the exchange of phonons , which causes the conduction electrons to exhibit a superfluid phase composed of correlated pairs of electrons. There also exists a class of materials, known as unconventional superconductors , that exhibit superconductivity but whose physical properties contradict the theory of conventional superconductors. In particular, the so-called

49. Garfield, Nick Personal information, curriculum vitae, link and information on high temperature superconductivity physics and for Internet networking problems and programming. http://www.nickgarfield.com/

50. A Guide To Superconductivity A Guide to superconductivity. Appendix A superconductivity Milestones; Appendix B Periodical Literature; Appendix C superconductivity Reference Books; http://www.physnet.uni-hamburg.de/home/vms/reimer/htc/contents.html

A Guide to Superconductivity TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Introduction Historical Background Fundamentals of Superconductors ... Appendix D: Glossary Parts by: Robert W. Dull [Next] [PhD Thesis] [HOME PAGE] Last updated: Sonntag, 15. Juni 1997 Dirk Reimer index physics surf ... Dirk Reimer

51. Howstuffworks "What Is Superconductivity?" Main Science ShortStuff What is superconductivity? superconductivity is a phenomenon observed in several metals and ceramic materials. http://www.howstuffworks.com/question610.htm

ComputerStuff AutoStuff ElectronicsStuff ScienceStuff ... PeopleStuff Top Subjects Car Engines Lock Picking Nuclear Bombs Tattoos ... Gas Turbine Engines Sponsored By: Categories Earth Science Engineering Life Science Military ... Browse the Science Library Explore Stuff Lidrock.com Big List of Articles Get the Newsletter Shop or Compare Prices ... Search HSW and the Web Search Google Main Science ShortStuff What is superconductivity? Superconductivity is a phenomenon observed in several metals and ceramic materials. When these materials are cooled to temperatures ranging from near absolute zero (-459 degrees Fahrenheit, degrees Kelvin, -273 degrees Celsius) to liquid nitrogen temperatures (-321 F, 77 K, -196 C), they have no electrical resistance. The temperature at which electrical resistance is zero is called the critical temperature T c ) and varies with the individual material. For practical purposes, critical temperatures are achieved by cooling materials with either liquid helium or liquid nitrogen. The following table shows the critical temperatures of various superconductors: Material Type T c (K) Zinc metal Aluminum metal Tin metal Mercury metal YBa Cu O ceramic TlBaCaCuO ceramic Because these materials have no electrical resistance, meaning electrons can travel through them freely, they can carry large amounts of electrical current for long periods of time without losing energy as heat. Superconducting loops of wire have been shown to carry electrical currents for several years with no measurable loss. This property has implications for

52. Www.stcs.uiuc.edu/ superconductivity Groupsuperconductivity Group Home Page This is Home page This is Contents page Go to Papers and Patents site Go to Other related site Go to members and staffs site http://www.stcs.uiuc.edu/

53. We Come In Peace - Formation Inc. - The Information Corporation Director of Research, Formation Inc. Scientific Research and Development. Interests include High Temperature superconductivity and Energy Conversion Technology. http://elifritz.members.atlantic.net/

We Come In Peace Take Us To Your Lizard a' a ... The Information Corporation is a Research and Development Corporation , with Facilities in the City of Madison, Wisconsin, in Dane County, Wisconsin, in the State of Florida, and in the Commonwealth of the Bahamas Formation Inc. The Information Corporation is Engaged in Research and Development and Systems Engineering Projects in the Life Sciences Earth Sciences Space Sciences , and the Natural Sciences . The Primary Purpose of this Corporation is to Provide Simple Survival Solutions for Human Beings and their Related Life Forms , on the Planet Earth and in Nearby Space Formation Inc. The Information Corporation is a Distributor of the Following Products Siemens Solar Southwest Windpower Trace Engineering ... Make this Planet your Home Planet Turn Off your HyperLink UnderLiner Tommy Young Webmaster Website is Ad, Stat, Script, Cookie and Java Free. Feel free to send us fresh coffee beans and donuts, though. And now, a short word from our Sponsor

54. Bajas Temperaturas This site is the homepage of the research group on Low Temperatures Physics (superconductivity, magnetism, strongly correlated systems, mesoscopic systems) of the Centro At³mico Bariloche http://cabbat1.cnea.gov.ar/bt-pages/start_en.html

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55. Physics For Professionals Bulletin board for problems, research and solutions in superfluidity, superconductivity, quantum vortex dynamics, pulsar rotation, evaporation, statistical physics. http://www.physics4u.com/

yuriykrasnov@aol.com PHYSICS FOR PROFESSIONALS superfluidity, superconductivity, quantum vortex dynamics, physics of rotons, pulsars rotation, theory of evaporation, statistical physics, theory of relativity and much more Web Site of Yuriy K. Krasnov * Problems * Research * Solutions * Thoughts * X-change * Reminiscences * Hot suggestion Original books Site statistics Submitted abstracts ... To www.minescience.com Physical Mathematics "... in Cantors experiment it was made two not the one , assumptions, " " Cantor did not analyzed that second possibility, he preferred to attribute the Nature with property to obey mathematics with uncountable set of real numbers. " "... actually in 1905, after famous work of Einstein " On the electrodynamics of the moving media " in Science was invented the new law of addition of numbers ... but nobody paid attention to that revolutionary side of Einstein's discovery, ... even author itself. "

56. Superconductivity Concepts Characteristic lengths in superconductors. Index Superconductors by Joe Eck. HyperPhysics***** Condensed Matter, R Nave. Go Back. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/supcon.html

Characteristic lengths in superconductors Index Superconductors by Joe Eck HyperPhysics Condensed Matter R Nave Go Back

57. Superconductivity Links A large link list of superconductivity data bases, free journals, papers and news, and university http://superconductor.com.ne.kr/

58. PhysicsWeb - Archaeology Turns To Superconductivity Archaeology turns to superconductivity 6 August 2003. Researchers from Israel have developed a new way to date archaeological objects http://physicsweb.org/article/news/7/8/3/1

Advanced site search news January February March April May June July August September October November December Show summaries quick search Search the news archive. Previous News for August 2003 Next Archaeology turns to superconductivity 6 August 2003 Researchers from Israel have developed a new way to date archaeological objects that is based on superconductivity. The new technique relies on measuring the magnetic signal from lead - which was widely used in antiquity - in samples that have been cooled to cryogenic temperatures. The method could be used to date pipes, coins, bottles and other objects (S Reich et al. New J. Phys Figure 1 Lead is stable in many environments and corrodes only very slowly into lead oxide and lead carbonate. It becomes a superconductor when cooled below 7.2 Kelvin, whereas the corrosion products do not. This means that the magnetization of the lead will be several orders of magnitude higher than that of the corrosion products when the sample is placed in an applied magnetic field at temperatures below 7.2 Kelvin. It is therefore reasonable to assume that the magnetic signal from the sample is coming from the lead only. Shimon Reich from the Weizmann Institute of Science and two colleagues - Grigori Leitus, a metallurgist, and Sariel Shalev, an archaeologist at the Weizmann Institute and also the University of Haifa - started by measuring the magnetization of small discs of material from different samples. This allowed them to calculate the amount of metallic lead that was present by mass. Next they weighed the samples, which gave them the total mass - the lead plus corrosion products. The difference between these two masses is therefore the mass of the corrosion products alone.

59. PhysicsWeb - Best Of PhysicsWeb Physics in Biology. superconductivity. Best of superconductivity. News Superconducting diamond turns up in Russia; Closing in on a theory of superconductivity; http://physicsweb.org/bestof/superconductivity

Advanced site search best of physicsweb Applied Physics Astronomy and Astrophysics Atomic, Molecular and Quantum Physics Careers ... Superconductivity Best of Superconductivity The discovery of superconductivity in magnesium diboride in 2002 may have sparked an explosion of research, but the high-temperature cuprate superconductors are still under intense scrutiny. Resistance-free currents have also been observed in materials including DNA and carbon-60, and many groups are developing superconductors for real-world applications. Features Lithium feels the pressure to become a superconductor A star role for stripes New frontiers in superconductivity Ferromagnetic superconductors ... The underdoped phase of cuprate superconductors News Superconducting diamond turns up in Russia Closing in on a theory of superconductivity Another superconductor shows up Magnesium diboride at the double ... Nanotubes are the new superconductors Links IOP Vision Paper: Superconductivity Superconductor Science and Technology High-Tc update Superconductor image gallery ... info@physicsweb.org

60. Kluwer Academic Publishers - Journal Of Low Temperature Physics Fundamental theoretical and experimental research developments in all areas of cryogenics and low temperature physics. Subject areas include superconductivity, superfluidity, quantum liquids, magnetism and electronic properties, transport and phonon phenomena at low temperatures. http://www.kluweronline.com/issn/0022-2291

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