161. Quantum Communication - Short Introduction A short introduction titled quantum communication moves into the unknown by David Deutsch and Artur Ekert. http://eve.physics.ox.ac.uk/NewWeb/Research/communication/communication.html

Quantum communication moves into the unknown By David Deutsch and Artur Ekert Information is physical and any processing of information is always performed by physical means - an innocent-sounding statement, but its consequences are anything but trivial, In the last few years there has been an explosion of theoretical and experimental innovations which, their discoverers claim, are creating a fundamental new discipline: a distinctively quantum theory of information. Quantum physics allows the construction of qualitatively new types of logic gates, absolutely secure cryptosystems (systems that combine communications and cryptography), the cramming of two bits of information into one physical bit and, as has just been proposed, a sort of "teleportation", Here we describe the last two "miracles". Classical information theory agrees with everyday intuition: if you want to send a message using an object which can be put into one of N distinguishable states, the maximum number of different messages that you can send is N . For example, a single photon can have only two distinguishable polarisation states, say "left-handed" and "right-handed". So if you send a message by preparing the polarisation of a single photon and transmitting it, it is obvious that you can send no more than two distinguishable messages, i.e, one bit of information. 0bvious, but false.

162. Matyas Koniorczyk Homepage Ph.D student (physics) in P©cs. Information on quantum interferometry,Nonclassical states of light, andquantum communication. Wonderful blackand-white photos of Hungary. http://optics.szfki.kfki.hu/~kmatyas/

Mátyás Koniorczyk Homepage Your web browser does not support frames. Here is the menu frame of this webpage.

163. [quant-ph/0004090] Path Integral Methods And Applications These lectures are intended as an introduction to the technique of path integrals and their applications in physics. The audience is mainly firstyear graduate students, and it is assumed that the reader has a good foundation in quantum mechanics. http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0004090

Quantum Physics, abstract quant-ph/0004090 From: Richard MacKenzie [ view email ] Date: Mon, 24 Apr 2000 13:58:03 GMT (56kb) Path Integral Methods and Applications Authors: Richard MacKenzie Comments: 55 pages, 23 figures. Lectures given at Rencontres du Vietnam: VIth Vietnam School of Physics, Vung Tau, Vietnam, 27 December 1999 - 8 January 2000 Report-no: UdeM-GPP-TH-00-71 These lectures are intended as an introduction to the technique of path integrals and their applications in physics. The audience is mainly first-year graduate students, and it is assumed that the reader has a good foundation in quantum mechanics. No prior exposure to path integrals is assumed, however. The path integral is a formulation of quantum mechanics equivalent to the standard formulations, offering a new way of looking at the subject which is, arguably, more intuitive than the usual approaches. Applications of path integrals are as vast as those of quantum mechanics itself, including the quantum mechanics of a single particle, statistical mechanics, condensed matter physics and quantum field theory. After an introduction including a very brief historical overview of the subject, we derive a path integral expression for the propagator in quantum mechanics, including the free particle and harmonic oscillator as examples. We then discuss a variety of applications, including path integrals in multiply-connected spaces, Euclidean path integrals and statistical mechanics, perturbation theory in quantum mechanics and in quantum field theory, and instantons via path integrals.

164. The EPR Paradox And Bell's Inequality Principle A short article from the USENET physics FAQ. http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Quantum/bells_inequality.html

[Physics FAQ] Updated May 1996 by PEG (thanks to Colin Naturman). Updated August 1993 by SIC. Original by John Blanton. Does Bell's Inequality Principle rule out local theories of quantum mechanics? In 1935 Albert Einstein and two colleagues, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen (EPR) developed a thought experiment to demonstrate what they felt was a lack of completeness in quantum mechanics. This so-called "EPR paradox" has led to much subsequent, and still on-going, research. This article is an introduction to EPR, Bell's inequality, and the real experiments that have attempted to address the interesting issues raised by this discussion. One of the principal features of quantum mechanics is that not all the classical physical observables of a system can be simultaneously known with unlimited precision, even in principle. Instead, there may be several sets of observables which give qualitatively different, but nonetheless complete (maximal possible) descriptions of a quantum mechanical system. These sets are sets of "good quantum numbers," and are also known as "maximal sets of commuting observables." Observables from different sets are "noncommuting observables". A well known example is position and momentum. You can put a subatomic particle into a state of well-defined momentum, but then you cannot know where it is. It's not just a matter of your inability to measure, but rather, an intrinsic property of the particle. Conversely, you can put a particle in a definite position, but then its momentum is completely ill-defined. You can also create states of intermediate knowledge of both observables: if you confine the particle to some arbitrarily large region of space, you can define the momentum more and more precisely. But you can never know both, exactly, at the same time.

165. Lothar M. Schmitt Describes mainly research activities by Lothar M. Schmitt in Mathematics (Functional Analysis), Computer Science (Genetic Algorithms), and physics (quantum Mechanics). http://www.geocities.com/lmschmitt/

Foundations of Genetic Algorithms 2oo5 Lothar M. Schmitt Dr.rer.nat.habil., Dr.rer.nat., Dipl.-Math. Contact Information Curriculum Vitae Internet Representation One frame of an animation of a highjump by an anthropomorphic mannequin following the trajectory of a human highjumper. The shape (body) was then optimized with a genetic algorithm minizing the energy used to perform the jump. More details and the shape of a better jumper in the CV.

166. The Periodic Table Of The Elements A set of notes on fermions and bosons, including a review of angular momentum in quantum mechanics. http://www.physics.nmt.edu/~raymond/classes/ph13xbook/node199.html

Next: Atomic Spectra Up: Atoms Previous: The Hydrogen Atom Contents The Periodic Table of the Elements Figure 18.2: Energy levels of the hydrogen atom. Energy increases upward and angular momentum increases to the right. The numbers above each level indicate the spin orientation times the orbital orientation degeneracy for each level. The numbers at the right show the total degeneracy for each value of . Only the first three values of are shown. The energy levels of the hydrogen atom whose energies are given by equation ( ) are actually degenerate , in that each energy has more than one state associated with it. Three extra degrees of freedom are associated with angular momentum, expressed by the quantum numbers , and . For energy level , the orbital angular momentum quantum number can take on the values . Thus, for the ground state, , the only possible value of is zero. For a given value of , there are possible values of the orbital component quantum number, . Finally, there are two possible values of the spin orientation quantum number, . Thus, for the

167. Caltech Theoretical Particle Physics Research in superstring theory, quantum gravity, quantum field theory, cosmology, and particle phenomenology. http://www.theory.caltech.edu/

Caltech Particle Theory Welcome to the Caltech Particle Theory Group. We conduct research in superstring theory, quantum gravity, quantum field theory, cosmology, particle phenomenology, and quantum information theory. Personal Home Pages String Theory at the Millennium Conference JHS/60: Conference in honor of John Schwarz's 60th birthday. Guide to Theory Computing Physics on the Web: LANL physics eprint archives (or form interface SPIRES bibliography search Web of Science (via Caltech library) Other physics resources Local Resources: HEP seminars Theory seminars Institute for Quantum Information Caltech Weekly Physics Seminar Calendar ... webmaster@theory.caltech.edu

168. Yale Physics: Research Research topics include group theoretical models for nuclear, hadronic and molecular structure, statistical and quantum Monte Carlo methods for the nuclear manybody problem, mesoscopic physics and quantum dots, dynamics of complex systems, and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. http://www.yale.edu/physics/research/theorynuclear.html

Search Yale sites Yale University Physics Department Sloane Physics Lab 217 Prospect Street PO Box 208120 New Haven, CT 06520-8120 USA Office of Chairman Directory Assistance Physics Research Theoretical Nuclear Physics The theoretical nuclear physics group is investigating a broad range of topics, including group theoretical models for nuclear, hadronic and molecular structure, statistical and quantum Monte Carlo methods for the nuclear many-body problem, mesoscopic physics and quantum dots, dynamics of complex systems, and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Nuclear Many Body Theory and Mesoscopic Quantum Dots Yoram Alhassid Nuclear and molecular structure: the interacting boson model Francesco Iachello QCD (random-matrix theory, lattice QCD, chiral perturbation theory) Tilo Wettig Last modified: May 10, 2001. (PL) Comments or suggestions to the site editor. Home url: http://www.yale.edu/physics

169. Research Experience In Physics & Astronomy For Undergraduates (REU) Research areas in this 10week program for undergraduates include astronomy and astrophysics, biological physics, condensed matter physics, high energy physics, nuclear physics, plasma and laser physics, quantum optics, and physics education. http://www.pas.rochester.edu:80/mainFrame/education/special/specialREU.html

Directors: Priscilla S. Auchincloss and Arie Bodek The Physics and Astronomy Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) Program is funded by the National Science Foundation to support ten to twelve highly-qualified students to undertake supervised research projects in the Department of Physics and Astronomy, for a period of 10 weeks each summer. Departmental faculty conduct research in diverse experimental and theoretical areas, including Biological Physics Condensed Matter Physics High Energy Physics Nuclear Physics ... Quantum Optics , and Physics Education. Each summer, the Department's research effort involves approximately 30 undergraduate students, in addition to approximately 120 graduate students, 35 postdoctoral research associates, and 30 regular faculty members. Much of the research performed by past undergraduate research assistants has been published in scientific journals. Many students have also presented their work at national conferences and undergraduate research symposia at the University of Rochester. Program : Over the 10-week summer research period, participants attend a series of informal seminars covering research topics as well as others, such as preparing for graduate school. These seminars are intended to foster discussion among REU students and faculty, and to serve as a basis for further social and scientific interaction. Students whose projects are primarily experimental are encouraged to attend mini-courses in electronics and in machine shop techniques. The core research experience takes place in the context of research groups working at the University's research facilities. Students present their work at an informal symposium at the end of the summer. They are encouraged to work with their research advisers toward completion of publications, submission of abstracts, and presentations of their work at professional and student conferences.

170. PHYSICS PAGES Spacetime dimension, considerations of finite dimensional variants of standard quantum theory, the nature of space and time, multiple concepts of time, all centered on the fundamental problem of quantum gravity. http://graham.main.nc.us/~bhammel/physics.html

Welcome to the Physics Pages "There is no God, and Dirac is his prophet." W. Pauli "It is that the universe is comprehensible at all; that is the mystery." E. Wigner Epitaph seen: "Here lies Schroedinger's cat" Time doesn't exist, a priori; it is generated by the sheer existence of energy, the sine qua non of existence. Metapostulates: As a function of scale, physical reality is, and physical theory should be, described by alternating regimes of chaos and order; at the lowest scale of physical existence, there is chaos and noncomputability. This is essential for the ontological alternations of chaos and order that do exist. Reality seems at all levels of complexity to require a randomizer of some sort. The fundamental level of reality must contain such a randomizer, and a "Quantum Principle" (Q) must be present as that randomizer. The fundamental level is small, local, and consistant with Q. All Q-type formalisms suggest Lie algebraic structures. The Problem: Define a local Q structure that is Lie algebraic in nature, that gives rise to both the the structure of QM embodied in the Heisenberg algebra, and also to the relational structure embodied in a "Relativistic Principle" R, of which we have two, Special Relativity (SR) and General Relativity (GR), the latter extending SR to include gravity.

171. CNN.com - Quantum Trio Share Nobel Physics Prize - Jan. 28, 2004 CNN http://cnn.com/2003/TECH/science/10/07/nobel.prizes/index.html

International Edition MEMBER SERVICES The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-mail Services CNNtoGO Contact Us SEARCH Web CNN.com Quantum trio share Nobel physics prize Story Tools YOUR E-MAIL ALERTS Nobel Prize Argonne National Laboratory Applied Sciences Science and Technology or Create your own Manage alerts What is this? STOCKHOLM, Sweden (CNN) Alexei Abrikosov, Anthony Leggett and Vitaly Ginzburg have won the 2003 Nobel Prize in physics for their contributions to two areas of quantum physics superconductivity and superfluidity which shed light on the outlandish properties of matter at extremely low temperatures. Abrikosov, 75, was born in Moscow and is a Russian and U.S. citizen. He received a doctorate's degree in physics in 1951 at the Institute for Physical Problems in Moscow. He is a distinguished Argonne scientist at the Argonne National Laboratory in Argonne, Illinois. Leggett, 65, was born in London and is a British and U.S. citizen. He has a doctorate in physics in 1964 at the University of Oxford. He is MacArthur professor at the University of Illinois in Champaign-Urbana. Ginzburg, 87, was born in Moscow and is a Russian citizen. He has a doctorate in physics at the University of Moscow. He is the former head of the theory group at the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow.

172. Bruce Harvey's Alternative Physics Site He presents a consistent theory which explains the phenomena of Electromagnetism, Newtonian Mechanics, and Gravity (including a classical quantum theory). http://users.powernet.co.uk/bearsoft/index.html

Bruce Harvey 's Alternative Physics site New:- A Classical Quantum Theory New:- The classical Atom Summary I believe that subtle errors in 19th Century Physics have caused a build up of cumulative errors until physics now out-weirds science fiction. This is my attempt to find the Unified Laws of Physics I have a consistent theory which explains the phenomena of Electromagnetism, Newtonian Mechanics and Gravity. (In paper 5 , I use Classical physics to account for the so called relativistic effects of the increase in mass, the Lorentz contraction and the slowing of clocks which SR accounts for. I also account for the effects of the slowing of clocks and gravitational red-shift by gravitational potential and the bending of light by gravity.) We start with the Pure Charge Model of Matter . This theory looks at a universe constructed of nothing but space and sees how electrons and quarks could be formed and used as basic building blocks for matter. Such a model exhibits inertial and gravitational properties identical to the real universe. Newtons Laws of Motion can be derived from the basic properties of space and the nature of pure charges.

173. Caroline Thompson's Physics Site Online papers, essays and letters challenging fundamental physics and quantum theory. http://freespace.virgin.net/ch.thompson1/

Caroline Thompson's Physics Created December 19, 2003, based on material from http://www.aber.ac.uk/~cat Updated May 29, 2004 Email: ch.thompson1@virgin.net This site is about what is wrong with Fundamental Physics. It started with the discovery that we have been misled. We have been told that experiments agree with all the predictions of quantum theory, including those that involve the impossible - the Bell test experiments , that are supposed to show totally incomprehensible effects of separated particles on each other. I have looked at the evidence. The "loopholes" that they know are present are large enough to allow for perfectly straightforward explanations, with no sign of "non-locality". I am led to suggest that perhaps there is other currently-accepted "evidence" for both quantum theory and Einstein's relativity theories that needs re-investigation. (There is! See Forgotten History .) I am not talking of "re-interpretation", but of recognising that if we want to

174. HyperPhysics Concepts Index quantum references Molecules. HyperPhysics, Go Back. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quacon.html

Index Quantum references Molecules HyperPhysics Index Quantum references Molecules HyperPhysics ... Go Back

175. Hyperspace Physics Visions of the Otherworld from several paradigmatic perspectives such as physics, Celtics, Vedics, Tantrics, Psychics, and Chemical Experiences of a Hyperspatial Nature with an extensive archive http://deoxy.org/hs_phys.htm

deoxy.org index updates forum chat contact English to German English to Spanish English to French English to Italian English to Portug. German to English German to French Spanish to English French to English French to German Italian to English Portug. to English Random : Ten Theses Toward the End of the Flesh-Spirit Dichotomy PHYSICS Quantum Reality #4 It is worth lingering a moment over the Otherworld of the nuclear physicists, if only because their discipline is widely held to be the doyen of sciences. They, above all, seek to establish the "facts" of the matter. I would maintain, however, that their subatomic realm is merely another variant of daimonic reality. Everything that is predicated of it could, for instance, be applied with equal justice to the land of Fairy The Otherworld as the Unknown Theoretical Physicist Michio Kaku Explains hyperspace cosmology On the wave function of the universe(s) The visible universe could lie on a membrane floating within a higher-dimensional space. ... Empty space appears to contain the energy of a trillion atomic bombs in every cubic centimeter! Terence McKenna's theory of hypervisualization through Quantum Resonance in the Synaptic Field , and the related Geometric Model of the Psychedelic Experience Nick Herbert and Max face the Quantum Facts Ultraterrestrial Agents of Cultural Deconstruction The Infinite Complexity of our Immediate Environment ... S U P E R S P A C E related net resources The laboratory of parallel universe experimentation may not lie in a mechanical time machine ... but could exist between our ears. Dr. Fred Alan Wolf on

176. Abteilung Für Quantenphysik Translate this page This page in English. quantum Optics in Phase Space, 333. Wilhelm und Else Heraeus-SeminarNew Frontiers in quantum Theory and Measurement. Leitung Prof. http://www.physik.uni-ulm.de/quan/

Physik Abteilung Mitarbeiter Forschungsgebiete Lehrveranstaltungen Seminare Physikalisches Kolloquium Theoretisch - Physikalisches Kolloquium Abteilungsseminar Links Quantenoptik Physik Literatur Sonstiges ... This page in English Quantenautobahn A8: Projektseite 333. Wilhelm und Else Heraeus-Seminar: New Frontiers in Quantum Theory and Measurement Leitung: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schleich Telefon: +49 (731) 50-23080 email: Wolfgang.Schleich@physik.uni-ulm.de Sekretariat: Barbara Casel Wilma Fiebelkorn Telefon: +49 (731) 50-23081 Anschrift: D-89069 Ulm Telefon: FAX: Lieferanschrift: Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 D-89081 Ulm www.physik.uni-ulm.de/quan webmaster

177. Jack Sarfatti -- Physics/Consciousness Research Group - PCRG We ve moved! Jack Sarfatti s PCRG website address has changed to http//www.hia.com/pcr.If you are using a current browser from http://www.hia.com/hia/pcr/

We've moved! Jack Sarfatti's PCRG website address has changed to http://www.hia.com/pcr please click here to access the site. Please update your browsers's bookmark/favorites file accordingly.

178. Quantum Mysteries Deepening the quantum mysteries. The central mystery of quantumphysics just got more mysterious. Experimenters from the United http://www.biols.susx.ac.uk/home/John_Gribbin/quantum.htm

The experiment with two holes Faster than light Solving the mysteries Faster than light again ... Back to John Gribbin's Home Page Deepening the quantum mysterie s The "central mystery" of quantum physics just got more mysterious. Experimenters from the United States and Austria have got together to provide a new demonstration of how light going through a "double slit" experiment seems to know before it sets out in its journey exactly what kind of traps have been set for it along the way. This is a variation on the Young's slit experiment, familiar from school laboratory demonstrations of the wave nature of light. When a beam of monochromatic light is shone through two narrow holes in a screen, the light spreading out from the two holes interferes, just like ripples interfering on the surface of a pond, to produce a characteristic pattern on a second screen. The mystery is that light can also be described as a stream of particles, called photons. The light source in a Young's slit experiment can be turned down to the point where it consists of individual photons going through the experiment, one after the other. If the spots of light made by individual photons arriving at the second screen (actually a photoelectric detector) are added together, they still form an interference pattern, as if each photon goes through both holes and interferes with itself on the way through the experiment. It was Richard Feynman who described this as "the central mystery" of quantum theory, and then corrected himself, saying that in fact it is "the only mystery". If you understood this, you would understand quantum physics but as Feynman also said, "nobody understands quantum mechanics" (The Character of Physical Law, BBC Publications, 1965).

179. Teleportation quantum Teleportation. Teleportation It was thought that their onlyusefulness was in proving the validity of quantum mechanics. But http://www.research.ibm.com/quantuminfo/teleportation/

Quantum Teleportation In 1993 an international group of six scientists, including IBM Fellow Charles H. Bennett, confirmed the intuitions of the majority of science fiction writers by showing that perfect teleportation is indeed possible in principle, but only if the original is destroyed. Meanwhile, other scientists are planning experiments to demonstrate teleportation in microscopic objects, such as single atoms or photons, in the next few years. But science fiction fans will be disappointed to learn that no one expects to be able to teleport people or other macroscopic objects in the foreseeable future, for a variety of engineering reasons, even though it would not violate any fundamental law to do so. never been in contact with A. Later, by applying to C a treatment depending on the scanned-out information, it is possible to maneuver C into exactly the same state as A was in before it was scanned. A itself is no longer in that state, having been thoroughly disrupted by the scanning, so what has been achieved is teleportation, not replication. To learn more about quantum teleportation, see the following articles:

180. Quantum Mechanics Introductory Tutorial Fundamentals of quantum Mechanics for the layman interactive flash tutorial. Take our Amazing Interactive Flash tutorial on the fundamentals of quantum http://www.science-spirit.org/quantumtutorial/quantum.html

This Tutorial requires the latest version of the Shockwave Flash Plugin (for Flash 4). If you don't see anything below or if any of the interactive elements of the tutorial don't function as they should, you need to update your plugin:

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