21. Sample Chapter For Kragh, H.: Quantum Generations: A History Of Physics In The T Sample Chapter for Quantum Generations A history of physics in the Twentieth Century by Kragh, H., published by Princeton University Press. http://pup.princeton.edu/chapters/s6683.html

PRINCETON University Press SEARCH: Keywords Author Title More Options Power Search Search Hints E-MAIL NOTICES NEW IN PRINT E-BOOKS ... HOME PAGE Quantum Generations: A History of Physics in the Twentieth Century Helge Kragh Book Description Reviews Table of Contents Class Use and other Permissions . For more information, send e-mail to permissions@pupress.princeton.edu Chapter One ether as the quasihypothetical, continuous, and all-pervading medium through which forces propagated with a finite speed. As we shall see, very similar views continued to play an important role throughout the twentieth century. Although many of Hicks's contemporaries would have subscribed to his philosophy, by 1895, the vortex theory of atoms had been abandoned by most physicists. Decades of theoretical work had led to no real progress and the grand vortex program was degenerating into sterile mathematics. negative matter The hydrodynamic ether models differed from the Laplacian program in physics, but they nonetheless rested on mechanical ground and were not attempts to overthrow the Newtonian worldview. Hydrodynamics, after all, is the mechanical science of fluid bodies. Thermodynamics, the science of heat and other manifestations of energy, constituted a much more difficult problem for the classical worldview. This branch of physics was sometimes argued not only to be different from mechanics in principle, but also to have priority over mechanics as a more satisfactory foundation on which all of physics could be built. In the 1890s, together with electrodynamics, thermodynamics entered as a competitor to mechanics as far as foundational problems were concerned. In this decade, there was a continual discussion of the

22. A History Of Physics At Purdue A history of physics at Purdue. The First Phase of the LarkHorovitz Era, 1928-1942. 1936 (Archive for History of Quantum Physics, microfilm 32, sect. 9). http://www.physics.purdue.edu/deptinfo/ppv4/history.html

A History of Physics at Purdue The First Phase of the Lark-Horovitz Era, 1928-1942 -Solomon Gartenhaus, Arnold Tubis, and David Cassidy The year 1928 marked major turning points both in physics and in the Depart ment of Physics at Purdue. Work by De Broglie, Heisenberg, Schrodinger and others in establishing the foundations of quantum mechanics during the prev ious several years culminated in the fall of 1928 in the controversial Copenhagen interpretation presented by Bohr and Heisenberg. As Heisenberg and B orn declared quantum mechanics complete and unchangeable to a conference in Belgium, a young Viennese physicist named Karl Lark-Horovitz began his appointment as a professor of physics at Purdue. Until his untimely death exactly thirty years later, Dr. Karl Lark-Horovitz elevated and maintained the Department of Physics in the leading ranks of modern physics research and teaching, rendering his mark upon it down to the present day. Physics Building Dedication Left to Right: Lark-Horovitz, Pauli, Hansen, Kerst (rear), Schwinger, Condon, Becker. The Arrival of Lark-Horovitz, 1928-1935

23. History Of The Department history of physics at Purdue University Physics at Purdue has a long and rich history dating from the latter part of the 19th century, with participation by http://www.physics.purdue.edu/deptinfo/history/

text only menu The First Purdue Physics Building (from the 1905 student yearbook Debris). History of Physics at Purdue University Physics at Purdue has a long and rich history dating from the latter part of the 19th century, with participation by illustrious physicists from all corners of the world and spanning all fields of the subject. The following links to articles in past issues of our newsletter, Purdue Physics , provide a window into the rich past of our department. Interview with Anna Akeley for a first-hand account of the Physics Department during the 1940s, 50s and 60s History of semiconductor research at Purdue Ralph Bray describes his almost 50 year tenure here A biographical study of Karl Lark-Horovitz the man who transformed physics at Purdue from a service-oriented activity to a first-rate research effort Current Purdue Physics Building (there is also a large subterranean structure housing a Van de Graaf accelerator called the PRIME Lab). The Early Years (1874-1928) a comprehensive history of the Purdue Physics Department in the early years by Gartenhaus, Tubis, and Cassidy Early Lark-Horovitz Era (1928-1942) another comprehensive history of the Department in the early years of Lark-Horovitz by Gartenhaus, Tubis, and Cassidy

24. Untitled HISTORY AND PHYSICS 1. Sections devoted to the history of physics have been created within the American Physical Society and the European Physical Society. http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~jossem/ICPE/B3.html

HISTORY AND PHYSICS Roger H. Stuewer Department of Physics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA INTRODUCTION Physicists always have valued their history. Libraries are replete with books on the history of physics written by physicists, from Ernst Mach's historical-critical studies on mechanics, heat theory, and physical optics , to Abraham Pais's history of matter and forces (Pais, 1986), not to mention Max Dresden's biography of H.A. Kramers (Dresden, 1987) and the many other biographies and autobiographies written by physicists . Journal articles and chapters of books, obituary notices of Fellows of the Royal Society and of members of the National Academy of Sciences add to the vast body of historical literature written by physicists. The allure is great; physicists continue to contribute to the historical literature at a high level, and a substantial number of historians of physics began their careers as physicists. Physicists also have fostered historical studies by others. In some instances, historians of physics could not have secured a scholarly niche in colleges or universities without the support, both intellectual and financial, of physicists. The American Institute of Physics Center for History of Physics was established by physicists concerned about the preservation and study of their intellectual heritage, and the Center's nuclear physics, astrophysics, and solid- state physics projects, as well as the earlier Sources for History of Quantum Physics project, could not have succeeded without the full involvement and support of the physics community. Sections devoted to the history of physics have been created within the American Physical Society and the European Physical Society. Clearly, the history of physics continues to strike a deeply resonant chord among physicists.

25. History Of Physics - Encyclopedia Article About History Of Physics. Free Access, encyclopedia article about history of physics. history of physics in Free online English dictionary, thesaurus and encyclopedia. history of physics. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/History of physics

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia History of physics Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition History of Physics This article has changed substantially from its original form as the "Ridiculously Brief History of Physics" on the main Physics Physics physikos natural physis ): Nature) is the science of Nature in the broadest sense. Physicists study the behaviour and interactions of matter and radiation. The laws of physics are generally expressed as mathematical relations. Physics is very closely related to the other natural sciences, particularly chemistry, the science of molecules and the chemical compounds that they form in bulk. Chemistry draws on many fields of physics, particularly quantum mechanics, thermodynamics and electromagnetism. However, chemical phenomena are sufficiently varied and complex that chemistry is usually regarded as a separate discipline. Click the link for more information. page. However, further work is needed to fill in some obvious gaps, and to include more detail about the development of physics (and, concurrently, astromomy and mathematics) in non-European cultures. It is intended that this article should grow to be a brief but comprehensive history of physics. The history on the Physics page should remain as a summary only. This article is a work in progress: please add more material here Antiquity Since antiquity, people have tried to understand the behavior of matter: why unsupported objects drop to the ground, why different materials have different properties, and so forth. Also a mystery was the character of the

26. History Of Physics history of physics. history of physics. It is intended that this article should grow to be a brief but comprehensive history of physics. http://www.fact-index.com/h/hi/history_of_physics.html

Main Page See live article Alphabetical index History of physics Table of contents 1 History of Physics 2 Antiquity 4 16th century 5 17th century ... 10 Developments since 2000 History of Physics This article has changed substantially from its original form as the "Ridiculously Brief History of Physics" on the main Physics page. However, further work is needed to fill in some obvious gaps, and to include more detail about the development of physics (and, concurrently, astromomy and mathematics) in non-European cultures. It is intended that this article should grow to be a brief but comprehensive history of physics. The history on the Physics page should remain as a summary only. This article is a work in progress: please add more material here Antiquity Since antiquity, people have tried to understand the behavior of matter: why unsupported objects drop to the ground, why different materials have different properties, and so forth. Also a mystery was the character of the universe , such as the form of the Earth and the behavior of celestial objects such as the Sun and the Moon . Several theories were proposed, most of them were wrong, but this is part of the nature of the scientific enterprise, and even modern theories of

27. Commission Home Page Translate this page Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Commission for the. history of physics and ASTRONOMY. Advisory Committee n. 02 Physical Sciences. Members http://albinoni.brera.unimi.it/commissioneCNR/Default.html

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Commission for the HISTORY of PHYSICS and ASTRONOMY Advisory Committee n. 02: Physical Sciences Members: Fabio Bevilacqua Fabrizio Bonoli Bruno Carazza Giorgio Dragoni (past President) Maria Grazia Ianniello (Secretary) Nadia Robotti Arcangelo Rossi Guido Tagliaferri (past President) Pasquale Tucci (President) Historians of Physics and Astronomy Other Lists of Historians of Science tucci@imiucca.csi.unimi.it

28. Portal Commission for history of physics and Astronomy of the Italian National Research Council. Historians of Physics and Astronomy. Institute http://albinoni.brera.unimi.it/HEAVENS/portal.html

Workshop on "Migrant Scientists in the Twentieth Century" Milan (Italy), June 20-22, 2003 University Master in Science Communication 2002-2003 (only in Italian) University Master in Science Communication 2001-2002 (only in Italian) University Master in Science Communication 2001-2002 - Curricula (only in Italian) : a Multimedia on Historical Scientific Education Historical Heritage of the Brera Astronomical Observatory Astronomical Education (in Italian) Public outreach activities Activities for schools at the Institute of Physics and the Brera Astronomical Observatory (only in Italian) Other years: Guided tours, observational evenings, seminars for the public at the Institute of Physics and the Brera Astronomical Observatory (only in Italian) October 2002 - June 2003 Other years: Science TV Drama festival the 1st European festival on historical perspectives on science through TV drama Milan, Piccolo Teatro - Teatro Grassi - Via Rovello - October 5-6, 2002 Between Sky and Earth... with Science unusual paths in geology, physics, astronomy..... on Mount Cervino (only in Italian) Valtournenche, Cervinia - August 9-13, 2002

29. History Of Physics At Carolina history of physics at UNC. The subject of physics was one of the fields of knowledge contained in the original curriculum drawn up http://www.physics.unc.edu/about/physics_history.php

Search the Site Printer-Friendly Version Home History of Physics at UNC The subject of physics was one of the fields of knowledge contained in the original curriculum drawn up by a committee before the opening of the University. In the early days the subject was called Natural Philosophy and sometimes Experimental Philosophy . At a meeting of the Board of Trustees held in New Bern on December 4, 1792, Dr. McCorkle reported for a committee on a "Plan of Education" which included Natural Philosophy and further recommended "the procurement of apparatus for Experimental Philosophy and Astronomy. In the list recommended there is included: a set of globes, a Barometer, Thermometer, Microscope, Telescope Quadrant, Prismatic Glass, Air Pump, and an Electrical Machine" (Battle's "History of the University" Vol. 1, p. 49) In 1795 the University opened and the plan of instruction was put into operation. It appears, however, that problems of finance and possibly of finding personnel prevented the plan from being carried out as a whole, and that the professorship of Natural Philosophy was not filled for two years. Nevertheless, probably Natural Philosophy was taught by some other instructor, for in the examinations attended by certain of the trustees in July, 1796, the senior class was examined in Natural Philosophy and Mathematics. As stated above the original committee on a Plan for the University recommended, in 1792, the purchase of several physical instruments. There is, however, no evidence that any of this apparatus was procured until much later. References do occur frequently in the literature to early gifts of apparatus, but the exact dates of the donations are not known, or are indefinite. The first donor of apparatus for instruction was Alfred Moore, then called Colonel, a pair of globes, and next to him was Richard Benneham. On p. 133 of Vol. 1 Battle notes other gifts: "The same Alexander Martin presented a microscope and acromatic telescope 3 1/2 feet long, magnifying 70 times for land objects and 80 times for astronomical purposes....Hon. W. B. Grove, a barometer and thermometer, Professor Caldwell, a camera obscura. Other instruments were purchased..."

30. History Of Indian Science And Technology: History Of Physics And Chemistry Often, the teaching of physics and chemistry becomes too esoteric for the Sciences of the Ancient Hindus (Brajendranath Seal) 2. Concise History of Science in http://india_resource.tripod.com/physics.htm

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Check out the NEW Hotbot Tell me when this page is updated SOUTH ASIAN HISTORY Pages from the history of the Indian sub-continent: Science and Technology in India History of the Physical Sciences in India In all early civilizations, the study of the physical sciences was neither formalized nor separated from other branches of knowledge. And at least initially, there were few conscious attempts to study the theory of science independently of the practical innovations and technologies that required some application of scientific principles. In most cases, technological discoveries took place without any knowledge of the underlying scientific principles, through hit and trial, and by experience. Sometimes there was a vague or approximate awareness of the science, but the predominant focus remained on the utilitarian aspects of the technique, on practical efficacy, as opposed to how and why something worked or didn't work. In India, the earliest applications of chemistry took place in the context of medicine, metallurgy, construction technology (such as manufacture of cement and paints) and in textile production and dyeing. But in the process of understanding chemical processes, there also emerged a concomitant interest in attempting to describe the basic elements of matter - what they were composed of, and how they interacted with each other to produce new substances. Natural phenomenon were studied in the context of tides, rainfall, appearance of the sun, the moon and stellar formations, changes in season, weather patterns and agriculture.

31. MUSEI ONLINE - RISULTATO RICERCA MUSEO - (English) AdnKronos SpA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Museum of the history of physics, Padova via Loredan, 10, Phone 049/8277303 (person in charge) 8275111 (University). http://www.museionline.it/eng/cerca/museo.asp?id=3831

32. AIP Center For The History Of Physics Newsletter NewJour Home NewJour A Search Prev Next AIP Center for the history of physics Newsletter. AIP Center for the History of http://gort.ucsd.edu/newjour/a/msg02397.html

NewJour Home NewJour: A Search [Prev] ... [Next] AIP Center for the History of Physics Newsletter AIP Center for the History of Physics Newsletter http://www.aip.org/history/web-news.htm This newsletter is a biannual publication (Spring/Fall) of the Center for History of Physics, a division of the American Institute of Physics (AIP). It contains reports on work in the history of physics (and allied sciences such as astronomy and geophysics), carried out at the American Institute of Physics and also reports on archival materials, bibliographies of recent publications in the history of physics For further information contact: chp@aip.org. NewJour Home NewJour: A Search [Prev] ... [Next]

33. AIP Center For History Of Physics Newsletter NewJour Home NewJour A Search Prev Next AIP Center for history of physics Newsletter. Begin filtered message From http://gort.ucsd.edu/newjour/a/msg02336.html

NewJour Home NewJour: A Search [Prev] ... [Next] AIP Center for History of Physics Newsletter http://www.aip.org/history/web-news.htm This biannual electronic newsletter publishes full-text articles and reports on work in the history of physics (and allied sciences such as astronomy and geophysics), carried out at the American Institute of Physics and elsewhere. Reports on archival materials, bibliographies, photos, and more are also included. Articles deal with issues that directly affect the study of the history of physicssuch as governmental fundingand also concerning centers for research into the history of physics. Email: chp@aip.org End of filtered message NewJour Home NewJour: A Search [Prev] ... [Next]

34. History Of Physics At Rhodes history of physics at Rhodes. Professor Emeritus Jack Taylor discusses a research project with his students in 1959. The study of http://www.physics.rhodes.edu/physics/NEWS_INFO/history.html

History of Physics at Rhodes Professor Emeritus Jack Taylor discusses a research project with his students in 1959

35. Physics Resources General Physics References Physics Link Sites history of physics Biographical Physics Resources Physics Organizations Journals Preprints. history of physics. http://www.geocities.com/peterroberts.geo/physics.htm

Physical Sciences General Physics Cosmology Quantum Theory, Particles, Strings, Etc. Electromagnetism (including Optics) ... Start Page General Physics General Physics References Physics Link Sites History of Physics Biographical Physics Resources ... Physics Organizations General Physics Reference Physics for Beginners PhysicsCentral USENET Physics FAQ PhysicsWeb ... The Measurement of Time Physics Link Sites Physics: An annotated list of key resources on the Internet Physics Gateway PSIgate Academic Info: Physics physics.org History of Physics A Century of Physics Center for History of Physics Sketches of a History of Classical Electromagnetism Optics Highlights An Anecdotal History of Optics from Aristophanes to Zernike Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues History of the Laser Nobel Laureates in Physics 1901- See also: History of Chemistry History of Science The Nobel Prize Biographical Physics Resources Albert Einstein Galileo Galilei Isaac Newton Marie Curie ... Emilio Segre Visual Archives Organizations Institute of Physics American Institute of Physics Physical Review Focus arXiv.org e-Print Archive ... APS Journals , by Albert Einstein Interactive Experiments in Gravity Relativity on the World Wide Web See also: Quantum Theory, Particles, Strings, Etc.

36. The History Of Physics : Entry lesson overview. browser requirements. log in. http://www.yup.com/physics/

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37. World History Compass, History Of Science heritage. Center for the history of physics American Institute of Physics. Costs of the Manhattan Project The Brookings Institution. http://www.worldhistorycompass.com/science.htm

World History Compass Home Page New Links About WHC Support WHC Main Index General and International History Ancient Egypt Ancient, General ... Museums Search WHC Science The Astrolabe The astrolabe is a very ancient astronomical computer for solving problems relating to time and the position of the Sun and stars in the sky. Australian Science Archives Project Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre of the University of Melbourne. Canada Science and Technology Museum In accordance with the mandate to study the "Transformation of Canada," the collection of the Canada Science and Technology Museum encompasses a broad cross-section of Canadian scientific and technological heritage. Center for the History of Physics American Institute of Physics. Costs of the Manhattan Project The Brookings Institution. Einstein The Galileo Project A hypertext source of information on the life and work of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) and the science of his time. Rice University. The Great Magnet, the Earth Commemorating the 400th anniversary of "De Magnete" by William Gilbert of Colchester. This web site tells the story of Gilbert and his bookwith glimpses of London in 1600, and with studies of magnetism before Gilbert. Greek Astronomy Library of Congress Vatican Exhibit.

38. History Of Physics Authors/titles Recent Submissions history of physics at Newcastle Physics at the University of University of Newcastle Physics About history of physics at Newcastle. e-mail search home. print site map. A history of physics at Newcastle. http://mentor.lanl.gov/list/physics.hist-ph/recent

History of Physics Authors and titles for recent submissions Fri, 4 Jun 2004 Thu, 27 May 2004 Wed, 26 May 2004 Mon, 24 May 2004 ... Thu, 20 May 2004 Fri, 4 Jun 2004 physics/0406009 abs ps pdf other Title: On the Origin of Kaluza's Idea of Unification Authors: Y. Verbin N.K. Nielsen Subj-class: History of Physics Thu, 27 May 2004 physics/0405142 abs ps pdf other Title: Field equations in teleparallel spacetime: Einstein's Fernparallelismus approach towards unified field theory Authors: Tilman Sauer Comments: 47 pages Subj-class: History of Physics Wed, 26 May 2004 physics/0405131 abs ps pdf other Title: The Classical Electron Problem Authors: T. L. Gill W. W. Zachary J. Lindesay Subj-class: Classical Physics; History of Physics Journal-ref: T. L. Gill, W. W. Zachary and J. Lindesay Found. Phys., 31 (2001) 1299 Mon, 24 May 2004 physics/0405110 abs ps pdf other Title: Hilbert's 'World Equations' and His Vision of a Unified Science Authors: Ulrich Majer Tilman Sauer Comments: 23 pages; to appear in Einstein Studies Subj-class: History of Physics Thu, 20 May 2004

39. LookSmart - Directory - Events In The History Of Physics Events in the history of physics Examine the history behind some of the significant events in the field of physics. Directory http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317914/us53764/us56584/us4354925/us33

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); Home IN the directory this category YOU ARE HERE Home Sciences General Science History of Science ... Physics History Events in the History of Physics - Examine the history behind some of the significant events in the field of physics. Directory Listings About About - A Beginner's Guide to Gravity: I. History Read about the early history of gravity, beginning with the ancients and ending with Newton. AIP - Exhibits and Online Source Materials Provides pictorial tributes to Albert Einstein, Werner Heisenberg, and Andrei Sakharov. Includes links to other physics history pages. AIP Oral History Interview Abstracts Niels Bohr Library of the AIP History of Physics Center provides archived abstracts from interviews with seminal physicists. American Institute of Physics - Moments of Discovery Find firsthand accounts of two significant discoveries in physics - nuclear fission and the first pulsar. Includes teachers guides for each. Brookhaven National Laboratory - History Photographs and narrative describe the lab's work with reactors, life sciences, accelerators and detectors. Discovery of the Electron Provides pictures and articles on the experiments by J. J. Thomson in 1897 that led to the discovery of this elementary fundamental particle.

40. LookSmart - Directory - Events In The History Of Physics Historic Events. Events in the history of physics Examine the history behind some of the significant events in the field of physics. http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317914/us55566/us331052/us331425/

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); Home IN the directory this category YOU ARE HERE Home Sciences Physics History Events in the History of Physics - Examine the history behind some of the significant events in the field of physics. Directory Listings About About - A Beginner's Guide to Gravity: I. History Read about the early history of gravity, beginning with the ancients and ending with Newton. AIP - Exhibits and Online Source Materials Provides pictorial tributes to Albert Einstein, Werner Heisenberg, and Andrei Sakharov. Includes links to other physics history pages. AIP Oral History Interview Abstracts Niels Bohr Library of the AIP History of Physics Center provides archived abstracts from interviews with seminal physicists. American Institute of Physics - Moments of Discovery Find firsthand accounts of two significant discoveries in physics - nuclear fission and the first pulsar. Includes teachers guides for each. Brookhaven National Laboratory - History Photographs and narrative describe the lab's work with reactors, life sciences, accelerators and detectors. Discovery of the Electron Provides pictures and articles on the experiments by J. J. Thomson in 1897 that led to the discovery of this elementary fundamental particle.

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