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43. Spirit And Sky Philosophy: Philosophers: W: William-of-ockham
Links Catholic Encyclopedia william of ockham Catholic Encyclopedia william of ockham. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy william of ockham
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Catholic Encyclopedia: William of Ockham Catholic Encyclopedia: William of Ockham Biographical article on the fourteenth-century Franciscan philosopher.
(Added: Thu Jan 01 2004) ID 115779
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: William of Ockham Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: William of Ockham Unsigned article which provides an overview of major concepts in Ockham.
(Added: Thu Jan 01 2004) ID 115778
Natural law and will in Ockham Natural law and will in Ockham John Kilcullen's examination of natural law in the thought of Descartes and Ockham.
(Added: Thu Jan 01 2004) ID 115781
Nonconformist Church History: William of Ockham Nonconformist Church History: William of Ockham A Nonconformist reading of his theology.
(Added: Thu Jan 01 2004) ID 115783
Ockham and Infallibility Ockham and Infallibility An article by John Kilcullen, published in The Journal of Religious History in 1991. Examines Ockham's view of indefectibility of the Church and of papal infallibility.

44. William Of Ockham
william of ockham Resources william of ockham short biography. Biography (longer). Texts william of ockham and the Death Of Universals a paper by Neal Magee.
http://www.geocities.com/bethann_99577/Occ/
William of Ockham Resources:
William of Ockham short biography Biography (longer)
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Dialogus
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy on Logical Constructions William Of Ockham and the Death Of Universals a paper by Neal Magee

45. William Of Ockham
Philotheus Boehner (ed.) The Tractatus De Successivis, attributed to William Ockham, Edited with a Study on the Life and Works of Ockham. St. William Ockham.
http://franinst.sbu.edu/filib/people/william_of_ockham.htm
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Up to the last menu Bibliographic Guide William of Ockham
(c.1287-1347) Encyclopedia articles: Gedeon Gal (NCE), Andre Goddu (HFT), Ernest A. Moody (EP), Claude Panaccio (REP), R. L. Poole (DNB), William Turner (CE) [ Abbreviation key Bibliography Jan P. Beckmann. Ockham-Bibliographie 1900-1990. Hamburg: F. Meiner, 1992. [Valens Heynck. "Ockham-Literatur 1919-1949" Franziskanische Studien 32 (1950) 164-83.James P. Reilly. " Ockham Bibliography: 1950-1967" Franciscan Studies 28 (1968) 197-214.Allessandro Ghisalberti. "Bibliografia su Guglielmo di Occam dal 1950 al 1968" Rivista di Filosofia Neo-Scolastica Dictionaries and Concordances Leon Baudry. Lexique Philosophique de Guillaume dOckham. Paris: Lethielleux, 1958. Editions Opera Philosophica. St. Bonaventure, NY: Franciscan Institute, 1974-88. (7 v.) Opera Theologica . St. Bonaventure, NY: Franciscan Institute, 1967-86. (10 v.) Philotheus Boehner (ed.) The Tractatus De Successivis, attributed to William Ockham, Edited with a Study on the Life and Works of Ockham . St. Bonaventure, NY: Franciscan Institute, 1944. [Franciscan Institute Publications ; 1]

46. William Of Ockham Definition Meaning Information Explanation
william of ockham definition, meaning and explanation and more about william of ockham. FreeDefinition - Online Glossary and Encyclopedia, william of ockham.
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William of Ockham
William of Ockham (ca. ) was a Franciscan friar and philosopher , from Ockham (near Ripley, Surrey), England. William devoted to a life to extreme poverty and minimalism. A pioneer of nominalism , some consider him the father of modern epistemology and modern philosophy in general, because of his strongly argued position that only individuals exist, rather than supra-individual universals, essences, or forms, and that universals are the products of abstraction from individuals by the human mind and have no extra-mental existence. Ockham is also considered one of the greatest logicians of all time. Dave Beckett of the University of Kent at Canterbury writes:
"The medieval rule of parsimony, or principle of economy, frequently used by Ockham came to be known as Ockham's razor."
Summoned to Avignon in by Pope John XXII on accusation of heresy, William spent four years there in effect under house arrest while his teaching and writing were being investigated. During this period, at the request of Brother Michael of Cesena , head of the Franciscan order, Ockham investigated the controversy between the Franciscans and the Papacy on the doctrine of apostolic poverty, which was central to Franciscan doctrine but anathema to the Pope. Ockham concluded that Pope John XXII was a heretic, a position that he later put forth in writing. Before a conclusion was reached about the heresy or orthodoxy of William's philosophy, he fled Avignon on

47. William Of Ockham - InformationBlast
william of ockham Information Blast. william of ockham. william of ockham (ca. 1285-1349) was a Franciscan friar and philosopher
http://www.informationblast.com/William_of_Occam.html
William of Ockham
William of Ockham (ca. ) was a Franciscan friar and philosopher , from Ockham (near Ripley, Surrey), England. William devoted to a life to extreme poverty and minimalism. A pioneer of nominalism , some consider him the father of modern epistemology and modern philosophy in general, because of his strongly argued position that only individuals exist, rather than supra-individual universals, essences, or forms, and that universals are the products of abstraction from individuals by the human mind and have no extra-mental existence. Ockham is also considered one of the greatest logicians of all time. Dave Beckett of the University of Kent at Canterbury writes:
"The medieval rule of parsimony, or principle of economy, frequently used by Ockham came to be known as Ockham's razor
Summoned to Avignon in by Pope John XXII on accusation of heresy, William spent four years there in effect under house arrest while his teaching and writing were being investigated. During this period, at the request of Brother Michael of Cesena , head of the Franciscan order, Ockham investigated the controversy between the Franciscans and the Papacy on the doctrine of apostolic poverty, which was central to Franciscan doctrine but anathema to the Pope. Ockham concluded that Pope John XXII was a heretic, a position that he later put forth in writing. Before a conclusion was reached about the heresy or orthodoxy of William's philosophy, he fled Avignon on

48. §20. William Of Ockham. X. English Scholars Of Paris And Franciscans Of Oxford.
Volume I. From the Beginnings to the Cycles of Romance. X. English Scholars of Paris and Franciscans of Oxford. § 20. william of ockham.
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49. William Of Ockham And His Razor
william of ockham (ESS4) Cutting out the fat RATE THIS ARTICLE . William van Ockham was a polymath whose interests roamed over a broad range of subjects.
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Feature Article William of Ockham Cutting out the fat RATE THIS ARTICLE "Fanaticism consists in redoubling your effort when you have forgotten your aim." -George Santayana I have a vivid recollection of one of my professors whose specialty was formal logic, relating with relish how, in some academic dispute or other things had gotten rather ugly. I remember terms like "blood on the floor". To a young student, laboring under the illusion that in academia there was little room for raw emotion much less out and out warfare, this came as quite a shock. Were not these to be temples of logic and reasoned discourse? Now I learned that just as in more mainstream human activity, if you couldn't win your point by the strength of your argument there was always brute force. I am not suggesting physical violence of course, although even that may happen on occasion. The bludgeoning is more usually inflicted by mental techniques such as belittling an opponent or by the more subtle "straw man" tactic where instead of attacking an idea you attack the person offering it. I use this little personal anecdote to introduce one of my heroes, William of Ockham or as I like to call him William van Ockham. Van Ockham was born around the year 1285 in Surrey, England. That would make him a sort of successor to Roger Bacon who died in 1294. Although like Bacon, he was involved with the order of the Franciscans it is not known whether he was familliar with the other man's work.

50. Hulver's Site || Step AWAY From The Keyboard!
According to william of ockham, can a Christian be a good citizen? According to william of ockham, can a Christian be a good citizen?
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create account faq accounts search ... The Hole According to William of Ockham, can a Christian be a good citizen? By lm , Section Diaries
Posted on Sun May 2nd, 2004 at 01:45:03 PM PST William of Ockham provides two answers to the question of whether or not a Christian can be a good citizen. These two answers are predicated on Ockham's understanding of two of the different senses he gives to natural law: natural law as the ordained power of God, natural law as freedom, natural law as rights. Christians that live according to natural law in the second of these senses (freedoms), Ockham holds incapable of being good citizens. Christians that live according to natural law in the third of these senses (rights), Ockham holds to be capable of being good citizens. Ockham divides natural law into into two categories. The first category (lex naturalis) is held by Ockham to be more or less equivalent to the ordained power of God. (This sense will be referred to herein as natural law .) The second category (jus naturale) is subdivided into two distinct senses. The first of these senses of lex naturale consists of the freedoms that were the natural state of men and women before the fall of Adam and Eve into sin. (This sense will be referred to herein as natural law .) The second sense of lex naturale consists of the rights that were bestowed on humanity as being the natural state of mankind after the expulsion of Adam and Eve from the garden of Eden as punishment for sin. (This sense will be referred to herein as natural law

51. Hulver's Site || According To William Of Ockham, What Are The Best Forms Of Eccl
According to william of ockham, what are the best forms of ecclesial and secular government? By lm , Section Diaries Posted on Sun
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create account faq accounts search ... The Hole According to William of Ockham, what are the best forms of ecclesial and secular government? By lm , Section Diaries
Posted on Sun May 2nd, 2004 at 10:55:42 AM PST Ockham gives apparently contradictory answers to the question of the best forms of government in the Church and state. With regards to the state, Ockham argues that the highest purpose of the government is to correct and punish evildoers and, therefore, the best form of government is the form that can best punish the wicked: a monarch or emperor. With regards to the Church, Ockham argues that the best form of government varies from time to time and place to place depending on the needs of the Church. These apparently contradictory answers stem from a single principle. The best form of government for Ockham is the one that serves the common good. Ockham views the common good in the state to be temporal peace and the common good in the Church to be the teaching of sound doctrine. Because the common good is defined so differently in these two realms, Ockham's answers seem greatly disparate, but there is an underlying unity. Ockham agreed with Augustine that the common good to which the state is directed is temporal peace. In Ockham's view temporal peace is brought about entirely by punishing those who break the law. As a consequence, Ockham considered that the government best able to punish lawbreakers, a solitary autocrat, is the best government. Ockham held that plurality in government leads to discord which disrupts temporal peace by leading to ineffectual punishment of those who do wrong. A solitary autocrat, however, with a unified will and a single purpose can effectively enforce temporal peace.

52. Society, Philosophy, Philosophers, W: William Of Ockham
william of ockham, 12851347. william of ockham and the Death of Universals - Paper on the nominalist theologian. william of ockham, 1285-1347.
http://www.combose.com/Society/Philosophy/Philosophers/W/William_of_Ockham/
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Related links of interest:
Society:Religion and Spirituality:Christianity:Theology:Theologians:Medieval Society:Philosophy:Metaphysics Catholic Encyclopedia: William of Ockham - Biographical article on the fourteenth-century Franciscan philosopher. Encyclop¦dia Britannica: William of Ockham - Biography of this philosopher. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: William of Ockham - Unsigned article which provides an overview of major concepts in Ockham. Natural law and will in Ockham - John Kilcullen's examination of natural law in the thought of Descartes and Ockham. Nonconformist Church History: William of Ockham - A Nonconformist reading of his theology. Ockham and Infallibility - An article by John Kilcullen, published in The Journal of Religious History in 1991. Examines Ockham's view of indefectibility of the Church and of papal infallibility. Ockham on Universals - Transcript of a lecture on the problem of universals and Ockham's answer. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: William of Ockham - An overview of Ockham's thought by Paul Vincent Spade. The Ecole Glossary: William of Ockham - Brief profile of the originator of"Ockham's razor."

53. Society, Philosophy, Philosophers, W, William Of Ockham: Works
Dialogus An ongoing project to provide william of ockham s Dialogus in Latin and English. Writings of william of ockham, in English translation.
http://www.combose.com/Society/Philosophy/Philosophers/W/William_of_Ockham/Works
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Dialogus - An ongoing project to provide William of Ockham's"Dialogus"in Latin and English. The Latin is currently complete. Ordinatio, I, dist. 2, q. 6 - English translation."Whether the universal is really outside the soul, not really distinct from the individual."
Writings of William of Ockham, in English translation. Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor The combose.com directory is based on the Open Directory and has been modified and enhanced using our own technology. About ComboSE Download Combose Toolbar

54. William Of Ockham
Walts ePlay. Walts eStart. Walts eTof C. william of ockham (c.13001349). The English philosopher, theologian, logician, political writer
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William of Ockham
(c.1300-1349)
The English philosopher, theologian, logician, political writer and Franciscan monk whose name is honored in the principle called "Ockham's razor" (also called the principle of parsimony), which states that "Entities shall not be multiplied beyond necessity" and means that in scientific proofs you should always search for the simplest hypothesis and never make more assumptions than you absolutely need. Get out your Ockham's razor and cut, cut, cut. Is the principle always valid? The philosopher A.R. Lacey says: "Adoption of this principle, though seemingly obvious, leads to problems about the role of simplicity in science, especially when we are choosing between hypotheses that are not (or are not known to be) equivalent. There are often different and clashing criteria for what is the simplest hypothesis, and it is not clear whether a simpler hypothesis is pro tanto more likely to be true; and if not, what justification other than laziness there is for adopting it."

55. William Of Ockham - Wikipedia
william of ockham. william of ockham (ca. william of ockham bio at University of St Andrews, Scotland; Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy william of ockham.
http://www.phatnav.com/wiki/wiki.phtml?title=William_of_Ockham

56. William Of Ockham At Erratic Impact's Philosophy Research Base
william of ockham at Erratic Impact s Philosophy Research Base. william of ockham ca. 1285 1349. Texts william of ockham. Used Books william of ockham.
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William of Ockham Biography
From the Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Excerpt: William of Ockham, the Franciscan school man, nominalist, and " doctor invincibilis ," was born at Ockham in 1280 and died in Munich on April 10, 1349. Of his early life, little is known. From the scarce data, it may be concluded that he entered the Franciscan order at an early age. He received his bachelor's degree at Oxford, and his master's at Paris, where he taught from a date between 1315 and 1320. The tradition that he was a pupil of Duns Scotus is probably correct. There is no evidence that he returned to England and taught at Oxford. In any case, it is with Paris that his principal teaching activity is connected. His doctrines had taken such hold there by 1339 that the philosophical faculty felt obliged to issue a warning against them.
William of Ockham Biography
Biography of the C14th philosopher and theologian by Dave Beckett of the University of Kent at Canterbury, England.

57. MSN Encarta - Ockham
, defense of nominalism. 5 items. Selected Web Links. , william of ockham Dialogus. 1 item. Quotations. Philosophy Entities should not be multiplied.
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557310/Ockham.html
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58. Ockham,
Macquarie University POL167 Introduction to Political Theory. william of ockham, Eight Questions, Dialogue Reading Guide. Copyright © 1996 RJ Kilcullen.
http://www.humanities.mq.edu.au/Ockham/y67s16.html
Eight Questions Dialogue Macquarie University
POL167: Introduction to Political Theory
William of Ockham, Eight Questions Dialogue : Reading Guide
R.J. Kilcullen (The Readings book contains extracts.) In Eight Questions Ockham states and compares various answers to a set of questions someone active in politics had sent to him and to others (one other set of answers survives). It is one of Ockham's 'recitative' works, in which he does not indicate which of the various opinions is his. Read iii.1 (i.e. question 3, ch. 1) This states several theories which imply an affirmative answer to the question. Theory (a), 'fullness of power': This is the theory criticised in Short Discourse , book ii. Theory (b): There ought to be one world ruler (though without 'fullness of power' in the objectionable sense), who should be the pope. The argument for this theory ('It is also proved by reason...') is constructed from materials taken from Marsilius of Padua (p. 80, in Readings ), but (b) is not Marsilius' theory: he does not hold that the pope should be the supreme ruler. Perhaps Ockham thought that Christians would have to hold that any ruler as strong as the one Marsilius advocated would have to be the head of the Church. Read iii.2

59. Ockham, Scotus, Buridan
(An electronic edition on World Wide Web of william of ockham, Dialogus, Latin text with translation A translation of william of ockham, Ordinatio, I, dist.
http://www.humanities.mq.edu.au/Ockham/0pgeock.html
Macquarie University
Late medieval and early modern intellectual history
Scotus, Ockham, Wyclif, Buridan, Grotius, Bayle R.J. Kilcullen. It may be convenient to copy these files and browse them as 'local files'. Download ock.zip . To unzip this file Macintosh users may need to download Unzip201.hqx and (to unpack that) StuffIt Expander. These can be obtained here zip file updated: September 1999 The linked files are:
Corrected Latin text for the passages from Ockham's Dialogus translated in William of Ockham, A Letter to the Friars Minor and other Writings , ed. Arthur Stephen McGrade and John Kilcullen (Cambridge University Press, 1995). The passages are:
Dialogus , part III, tract 1, book 2, chs. 1-30
Dialogus , part III, tract 1, book 3, chs. 8-11 ... , part III, tract 2, book 3, chs. 5-7
(An electronic edition on World Wide Web of William of Ockham, Dialogus , Latin text with translation, is being made by John Kilcullen and John Scott for the Medieval Text Committee of the British Academy.)
Corrections to the translation published in A Letter
(Please send other corrections to: john.kilcullen@mq.edu.au)

60. Past Masters Series - William Of Ockham: The Work Of Ninety Days
william of ockham The Work of Ninety Days. This English language database contains a translation of The Work of Ninety Days by william of ockham (c.12851347).
http://www.pdcnet.org/pmockham.html
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William of Ockham: The Work of Ninety Days
This English language database contains a translation of The Work of Ninety Days by William of Ockham (c.1285-1347). This text is a thorough discussion of the place of voluntary poverty in religious life, and it was Ockham's first major work in a twenty-year campaign against Pope John XXII. It includes a discussion of the place of property in civil life and its relation to natural rights and human law. The text has been translated for the first time into English and is only available in electronic format. CD-ROM purchasers receive an HTML version of the database, with side-by-side windows to facilitate close reading of the text. Appended to the text are two essays by John Kilcullen, "Natural Law and Will," and "The Origin of Property: Ockham, Grotius, Pufendorf, and some others." The database also contains a lengthy introduction by Prof. Kilcullen to the Ockham text. ISBN 1-57085-123-9 (Windows) 1-57085-082-8 (Mac) Individuals $70 Institutions $175 Campus-wide $350
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William of Ockham ca. 1285 - 1349

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William of Ockham
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