1. Baruch Spinoza Baruch Spinoza. Baruch (or Benedictus) Spinoza is one of the most important philosophers and certainly the most 1. Biography. Baruch Spinoza was born in 1632 in Amsterdam http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spinoza

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A B C D ... Z This document uses XHTML-1/Unicode to format the display. Older browsers and/or operating systems may not display the formatting correctly. last substantive content change JUN Baruch Spinoza Baruch (or Benedictus) Spinoza is one of the most important philosophers and certainly the most radical of the early modern period. His thought combines a commitment to Cartesian metaphysical and epistemological principles with elements from ancient Stoicism and medieval Jewish rationalism into a nonetheless highly original system. His extremely naturalistic views on God, the world, the human being and knowledge serve to ground a moral philosophy centered on the control of the passions leading to virtue and happiness. They also lay the foundations for a strongly democratic political thought and a deep critique of the pretensions of Scripture and sectarian religion. Of all the philosophers of the seventeenth-century, perhaps none have more relevance today than Spinoza. 1. Biography

2. Philosophers : Baruch Spinoza Baruch Spinoza. Dutch Philosopher. 1632 1677. A member of the SephardicJewish community of Amsterdam, Spinoza received a thorough http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/phil/philo/phils/spinoza.html

Baruch Spinoza Dutch Philosopher See Also: Descartes Hobbes Index Interactive ... Feedback

3. Baruch Spinoza - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Baruch (Benedict) Spinoza entry at Wikipedia, a webbased encyclopedia. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Page history ... Printable version Not logged in Log in Help Other languages: Deutsch Esperanto Nederlands Polski ... Italiano Baruch Spinoza From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Baruch Spinoza Benedictus de Spinoza November 24 February 21 ), named Baruch Spinoza by his synagogue elders and known as Bento de Spinoza or in the community in which he grew up, was one of the great rationalists of early modern philosophy , along with and Gottfried Leibniz . He is considered the founder of modern Biblical criticism. Born in Amsterdam to Spanish Portuguese Jews , he gained fame for his positions of pantheism and neutral monism , as well as the fact that his Ethics was written in the form of postulates and definitions, as though it were a geometry treatise. In the summer of , he was excommunicated from the Jewish community for his claims that God is the mechanism of nature and the universe, and the Bible is a metaphorical and allegorical work used to teach the nature of God, both of which were based on a form of Cartesianism. Following his excommunication, he adopted the first name Benedictus (the Latin equivalent of his given name, Baruch). Since the public reactions to the

4. Baruch Spinoza - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Baruch Spinoza. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Enlarge BaruchSpinoza. Benedictus de Spinoza (November 24, 1632 February http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Page history ... Printable version Not logged in Log in Help Other languages: Deutsch Esperanto Nederlands Polski ... Italiano Baruch Spinoza From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Baruch Spinoza Benedictus de Spinoza November 24 February 21 ), named Baruch Spinoza by his synagogue elders and known as Bento de Spinoza or in the community in which he grew up, was one of the great rationalists of early modern philosophy , along with and Gottfried Leibniz . He is considered the founder of modern Biblical criticism. Born in Amsterdam to Spanish Portuguese Jews , he gained fame for his positions of pantheism and neutral monism , as well as the fact that his Ethics was written in the form of postulates and definitions, as though it were a geometry treatise. In the summer of , he was excommunicated from the Jewish community for his claims that God is the mechanism of nature and the universe, and the Bible is a metaphorical and allegorical work used to teach the nature of God, both of which were based on a form of Cartesianism. Following his excommunication, he adopted the first name Benedictus (the Latin equivalent of his given name, Baruch). Since the public reactions to the

5. Baruch Spinoza Baruch Spinoza (16321677). Baruch Spinoza was one of the great philosophersof the age of Rationalism and a major influence thereafter http://www.friesian.com/spinoza.htm

Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) Baruch Spinoza was one of the great philosophers of the age of Rationalism and a major influence thereafter, as on, paradoxically, both of the bitter enemies Arthur Schopenhauer and G.W.F. Hegel . From a Portuguese Jewish family that had fled to the relative tolerance of the Netherlands, one of the most famous things about Spinoza was his expulsion from the Dutch Jewish community. This is often called an "excommunication," though, as I used to have a high school teacher protest, there is really no such thing as "excommunication" in Judaism. Nevertheless, Spinoza was expelled from the Jewish community and anathematized. Although he is today recognized as one of the greatest Jewish philosophers ever, and the chief Rabbis of Israel have been petitioned to formally lift the curse upon him, this has not happened: Spinoza remains a controversial person in Judaism, for very much the same reasons that led to his expulsion in the first place. Spinoza's God is not the God of Abraham and Isaac, not a personal God at all, and his system provides no reason for the revelatory status of the Bible or the practice of Judaism, or of any religion, for that matter. Spinoza's alienation from his community is reflected in an alternative version of his name. "Baruch" in Hebrew (

6. ATRIUM: Philosophie: Spinoza Baruch De (1632-1677) Translate this page spinoza baruch de (1632-1677). Présentation Présentation. Spinoza,Baruch de (1632-1677). Eléments biographiques, Sa philosophie, http://www.yrub.com/philo/spinoza.htm

Sites Atrium Section Philosophie Grands Philosophes Spinoza Baruch de (1632-1677) Présentation... Présentation Spinoza, Baruch de (1632-1677) Eléments biographiques Sa philosophie Eléments de philosophie, pour les débutants en spinozisme... Le système de la Nature: substance, attributs, modes Le Dieu spinoziste L'homme, corps et esprit Le système de la connaissance Le rôle exact de la connaissance et la connaissance des affects La liberté humaine L'éthique de la joie et l'existence de l'homme libre Les cours de Gilles Deleuze sur Spinoza (1978-1981) Idée et affect chez Spinoza Le Dieu spinoziste Spinozisme et religiosité Dossier Présentation générale du traité Théologico-Politique La comparaison entre philosophie et religion La prophétie dans le traité Théologico-Politique Le spinozisme est-il un athéisme ?

7. Spinoza Baruch From FOLDOC spinoza baruch. history tr. by RHM Elwes (Prometheus, 1989); Baruch Spinoza,TheologicoPolitical Treatise, tr. by RHM Elwes (Dover, 1951). http://www.swif.uniba.it/lei/foldop/foldoc.cgi?Spinoza Baruch

8. WIEM: Spinoza Baruch spinoza baruch (16371677), filozof pochodzenia zydowskiego osiadlyw Niderlandach. Filozofia, Holandia spinoza baruch (1637-1677). http://wiem.onet.pl/wiem/000bb0.html

WIEM 2004 - zobacz now± edycjê encyklopedii! Kup abonament i encyklopediê na CD-ROM, sprawd¼ ofertê cenow±! Oferta specjalna abonamentów dla szkó³ i instytucji! Uwaga! Przedstawione poni¿ej has³o pochodzi z archiwalnej edycji WIEM 2001! Prace redakcyjne nad edycj± 2001 zosta³y zakoñczone. Zapraszamy do korzystania z nowej, codziennie aktualizowanej i wzbogacanej w nowe tre¶ci edycji WIEM 2004 Filozofia, Holandia Spinoza Baruch Spinoza Baruch (1637-1677), filozof pochodzenia ¿ydowskiego osiad³y w Niderlandach. Jego najwa¿niejszym dzie³em jest Etyka sposobem geometrycznym wy³o¿ona (1662-1675, wydania polskie 1888, 1954, 1990), gdzie przedstawi³ swe pogl±dy, na których ukszta³towanie mieli wp³yw kabali¶ci, a tak¿e M. Majmonides T. Hobbes i  Kartezjusz Od Kartezjusza przej±³ koncepcjê racjonalno¶ci poznania i podobnie jak on postanowi³ zbudowaæ sw± filozofiê "more geometrico" (na sposób geometrii), matematycznie, tak, by z przyjêtych ogólnych przes³anek mo¿na by³o wyprowadziæ niepodwa¿alne wnioski. Nie uzna³ jednak kartezjañskiego podzia³u rzeczywisto¶ci na ducha i ¶wiat ( ¶wiadomo¶æ i rozci±g³o¶æ).

9. MSN Encarta - Résultats De La Recherche - Spinoza Baruch spinoza baruch . Page 1 sur 1.*, Réservé html. Plus de résultats avec MSN pour spinoza baruch . http://fr.encarta.msn.com/Spinoza_Baruch.html

Accueil MSN Mon MSN Hotmail Rechercher ... S'abonner   Encarta Premium Rechercher Encarta R©sultats de la recherche pour "Spinoza Baruch" Page sur 1 R©serv© aux abonn©s MSN Encarta Premium. Spinoza, Baruch Encyclop©die EncartaArticle Spinoza, Baruch (1632-1677), philosophe rationaliste et penseur religieux hollandais, consid©r© comme le plus important repr©sentant moderne du ... plan de l'article Pr©sentation Philosophie Rejet de la tradition Baruch Spinoza Encyclop©die EncartaImage ‰thique, l' (Baruch Spinoza) Encyclop©die EncartaArticle ‰thique, l' (Baruch Spinoza) , ouvrage majeur de Baruch Spinoza, publi© sous les seules initiales de son auteur peu de temps apr¨s sa mort, en 1677. rationalisme (philosophie) Encyclop©die EncartaArticle Trouv© dans l'article rationalisme (philosophie) ©thique Encyclop©die EncartaArticle Trouv© dans l'article ©thique h©bra¯que, litt©rature Encyclop©die EncartaArticle Trouv© dans l'article h©bra¯que, litt©rature intuition (philosophie) Encyclop©die EncartaArticle Trouv© dans l'article intuition (philosophie) panth©isme Encyclop©die EncartaArticle Trouv© dans l'article panth©isme philosophie Encyclop©die EncartaArticle Trouv© dans l'article philosophie Provinces-Unies Encyclop©die EncartaArticle Trouv© dans l'article Provinces-Unies Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von

10. Spirit And Sky Philosophy: Philosophers: S: Spinoza-baruch (Added Thu Jan 01 2004) ID 115492. Baruch spinoza baruch Spinoza. Criticalentry on Spinoza by Kelley L. Ross. Baruch spinoza baruch Spinoza. http://www.spiritandsky.com/philosophy/philosophers/s/spinoza-baruch/

Home philosophy philosophers s : spinoza-baruch the entire directory only this category More search options Home Search Suggest a Site ... About The Artist Categories: Works Home philosophy philosophers ... s : spinoza-baruch Links: A Dedication to Spinoza's Insights A Dedication to Spinoza's Insights Joseph B. Yesselman's tribute to Spinoza as an intellectual source of human joy, love, and peace of mind. Includes links to online Spinoza texts and bibliography. (Added: Thu Jan 01 2004) ID 115501 A Spinoza Chronology A Spinoza Chronology A chronology of historical events pertaining to Spinoza's life, philosophy, and cultural situation. (Added: Thu Jan 01 2004) ID 115492 Baruch Spinoza Baruch Spinoza Critical entry on Spinoza by Kelley L. Ross. Part of the project of the Friesian School. (Added: Thu Jan 01 2004) ID 115497 Baruch Spinoza Baruch Spinoza Entry from the Stanford Encyclopedia by Steven Nadler. (Added: Thu Jan 01 2004) ID 115502 Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) Miles Hodges' overview of Spinoza's life, philosophy, and legacy. (Added: Thu Jan 01 2004) ID 115509 Baruch Spinoza: encyclopedia article from Wikipedia Baruch Spinoza: encyclopedia article from Wikipedia Baruch (Benedict) Spinoza entry at Wikipedia, a web-based encyclopedia.

11. £Ó£ð£é£î£ï£ú£á £Â£á£ò£õ£ã£è¡¡£ä£å :: ¥ª¥ó¥à The summary for this Japanese page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://bk1.jp/author/120000281060000.html

12. Spinoza A brief discussion of the life and works of baruch spinoza, with links to electronic texts and additional information. Search the Site. Locke. baruch spinoza ( 16321677) baruch spinoza was http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/spin.htm

Philosophy Pages F A Q Dictionary ... Locke Baruch Spinoza Life and Works Method Metaphysics God / Nature ... Internet Sources Baruch Spinoza was born to Portuguese Jews living in exile in Holland, but his life among the Marranos there was often unsettled. Despite an early rabbinical education, he was expelled from the synagogue at Amsterdam for defending heretical opinions in 1656. While engaging privately in serious study of medieval Jewish thought, Cartesian philosophy , and the new science at Rijnburg and the Hague, Spinoza supported himself by grinding optical lenses, an occupation that probably contributed to the consumption that killed him. Private circulation of his philosophical treatises soon earned him a significant reputation throughout Europe, but Spinoza so treasured his intellectual independence that in 1673 he declined the opportunity to teach at Heidelberg, preferring to continue his endeavors alone. Spinoza's first published work was a systematic presentation of the philosophy of Descartes , to which he added his own suggestions for its improvement. The Principles of Descartes's Philosophy (1663) contain many of the characteristic elements of his later work, but Spinoza seems to have realized that a full exposition of his own philosophical views would require many years of devoted reflection. In the meantime, he turned his attention briefly to other issues of personal and social importance. The

13. The Spinoza Net. All Things Excellent Are As Difficult As They Are Rare. baruch spinoza, Benedict spinoza, Benedict deEspinosa, The spinoza Net, Philosophy, Ethics, Political, Theological, Treatise, Human Understanding, Amsterdam, Holland, Jewish Philosophy, http://www.spinoza.net/

14. Benedict De Spinoza [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] Entry on spinoza, with biography and main elements of his philosophical thought. http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/s/spinoza.htm

Benedict De Spinoza (1632 – 1677) Benedict de Spinoza was among the most important of the post-Cartesian philosophers who flourished in the second half of the 17th century. He made significant contributions in virtually every area of philosophy, and his writings reveal the influence of such divergent sources as Stoicism, Jewish Rationalism, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Descartes, and a variety of heterodox religious thinkers of his day. For this reason he is difficult to categorize, though he is usually counted, along with Descartes and Leibniz, as one of the three major Rationalists. Given Spinoza’s devaluation of sense perception as a means of acquiring knowledge, his description of a purely intellectual form of cognition, and his idealization of geometry as a model for philosophy, this categorization is fair. But it should not blind us to the eclecticism of his pursuits, nor to the striking originality of his thought. Among philosophers, Spinoza is best known for his Ethics , a monumental work that presents an ethical vision unfolding out of a monistic metaphysics in which God and Nature are identified. God is no longer the transcendent creator of the universe who rules it via providence, but Nature itself, understood as an infinite, necessary, and fully deterministic system of which humans are a part. Humans find happiness only through a rational understanding of this system and their place within it. On account of this and the many other provocative positions he advocates, Spinoza has remained an enormously controversial figure. For many, he is the harbinger of enlightened modernity who calls us to live by the guidance of reason. For others, he is the enemy of the traditions that sustain us and the denier of what is noble within us. After a review of Spinoza’s life and works, this article examines the main themes of his philosophy, primarily as they are set forth in the

15. Spinoza, Baruch. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. spinoza, baruch. ( spin´z Until about 1660, spinoza lived in or near Amsterdam, and afterward he lived in Rijnsburg, Voorburg, and The http://www.bartleby.com/65/sp/Spinoza.html

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16. Baruch Spinoza Biograf­a. http://www.epdlp.com/spinoza.html

Baruch Spinoza F ilósofo racionalista y pensador religioso holandés, considerado como el exponente moderno más completo del panteísmo. Nacido en Amsterdam de padres judíos hispano-portugueses el 24 de noviembre de 1632, Spinoza recibió una educación que ponía un gran énfasis en el estudio de las fuentes clásicas judías. Más tarde, sin embargo, se apartó del judaísmo ortodoxo como consecuencia de sus estudios de ciencias físicas y por el efecto que le produjeron los escritos del filósofo inglés Thomas Hobbes y del científico y filósofo francés René Descartes. Se apartó de la sinagoga y en 1656 fue excomulgado por los rabinos, que le desterraron de Amsterdam. Durante cinco años, Spinoza permaneció en las afueras de la ciudad, puliendo lentes para vivir. Durante ese periodo escribió su primer trabajo filosófico, Tratado de Dios, del hombre y de su felicidad , donde se prefiguran ya las líneas maestras del que sería su sistema filosófico. El Tratado teológico-político y la disertación De la reforma del entendimiento quizá fueron escritos también en este periodo, aunque el primero no se publicó hasta 1670 y el segundo hasta 1677. En 1661 se trasladó a Rinjnsburg, ciudad cercana a Leiden, y dos o tres años más tarde a Voorburg, no lejos de La Haya. Poco después, al trasladarse a La Haya, se le ofreció una cátedra de filosofía occidental en la Universidad de Heidelberg. El responsable de ello fue Charles Louis, el elector palatino. Sin embargo, Spinoza rechazó esta responsabilidad, para poder mantenerse libre de cualquier restricción que pudieran aplicar los teólogos sobre sus actividades intelectuales. También rechazó una pensión que le ofreció el rey de Francia Luis XIV, a cambio de que dedicara al monarca uno de sus trabajos.

17. A Dedication To Spinoza's Insights - Joseph B. Yesselman's Home Page Electronic Text and Commentary on baruch spinoza s The Ethics, On the Improvementof Human Understanding, TheologicoPolitical Treatise, and Political Treatise http://www.yesselman.com/

A DEDICATION TO SPINOZA 'S INSIGHTS Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) was a Jewish-Portuguese-Dutch Philosopher. Spinoza 's insights help evolve all Religions to a Universal Religion Just as the Hebrew Bible was the Constitution of the then Hebrew State, so the World Bible will be the Constitution of the to-be World State Joseph B. Yesselman's Home Page ... Link and Endnote Search Spinoza defined "sorrow, boredom, joy" with one definition. You TRY—it's difficult, but enlightening . The more you try, the more will the insight's beauty delight you. E3:Preface(12) E-mail your definition of "sorrow, boredom, joy". josephb@yesselman.com Caution: words such as "panic, anguish, displeased, bored, pleased, delight, elation" are properties not definitions . Try for the cause; the measuring yardstick. G:Note 1 E1:Parkinson Keep trying Answer Spinoza also defined "hate, indifference, love" with one definition. You TRY—it's difficult, but enlightening . It is harder than defining "sorrow... joy." The more you try, the more will the insight's beauty E3:Preface(12) delight you.

18. Baruch Spinoza Esta p¡gina apresenta a vida, obra e pensamento de baruch spinoza, um dos fil³sofos a quem se atribui em ‰tica (de 1677) a mais clara e rigorosa defini§£o do pante­smo. http://www.mundodosfilosofos.com.br/spinoza.htm

Baruch Spinoza Baruch Spinoza Vida e Obras O Pensamento: Deus O Homem ... A Política e a Religião Considerações Gerais O pensamento de Descartes exercerá uma influência vasta no mundo cultural francês e europeu, diretamente até Kant e indiretamente até Hegel . E exerceu tal influência não tanto como sistema metafísico, quanto especialmente pelo espírito crítico, pelo método racionalista, implícito nas premissas do sistema e realizado apenas parcialmente pelo filósofo. O desenvolvimento lógico do cartesianismo é representado por alguns grandes pensadores originais: Spinoza, Malebranche, Leibniz. Spinoza é a mais coerente e extrema expressão do racionalismo moderno depois do fundador e antes de Kant; Malebranche e Leibniz encontram, ao contrário, nas suas preocupações práticas, religiosas e políticas, limitações ao desenvolvimento lógico e despreocupado do racionalismo. Ladeia estes três pensadores uma turma numerosa de cartesianos mais ou menos ortodoxos, particularmente na França na segunda metade do século XVII. Significativa é a influência que o criticismo e o racionalismo cartesianos exerceram sobre a cultura do século de Luís XIV, o século de ouro da civilização francesa; sobre a arte de Racine e de La Fontaine, sobre a poética de Boileau, a ética de La Bruyère, o pensamento de Bayle.

19. Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) - By Miles Hodges Miles Hodges' overview of spinoza's life, philosophy, and legacy. http://www.newgenevacenter.org/biography/spinoza2.htm

BENEDICT (BARUCH) SPINOZA (1632-1677) CONTENTS Spinoza: An Overview His Life and Works His Major Ideas His Legacy Links to Spinoza's Writings and More Information SPINOZA: AN OVERVIEW Spinoza was a free-thinking individual who lived an a rather intolerant time. He grew up as a Jew in the Christian Netherlandsbut found his first encounter with intolerance was within his own Jewish community, which itself was not tolerant of his non-conforming theology. He was a pantheistseeing God in everything. He was a moral relativist, who did not believe in some set of transcending religious or civil laws that we ought to conform ourselves to, but who instead believed in following out our own natural personal imperativesthat noone else had a right to pass judgment on. This was not a philosophy designed to make the religiously conservative community around him very happy. But it certainly spoke to those souls who were tiring rapidly of the mean spiritedness of the religiously orthodoxa growing number of youthful minds who hoped to rise to truths which were vastly higher than the traditional variety that had brought Europeans to war against each other mercilessly. HIS LIFE AND WORKS His Youth Spinoza was born in 1632 in Amsterdam of a Jewish family that had moved to the Netherlands from Portugal to escape persecution. He was given the Hebrew name "Baruch," meaning "blessed," which translates into the Latin as "Benedictus." He grew up in comfortfor his father was a prosperous merchant. But his mother died when he was only 6 years old. He attended a local Jewish school where he was taught a Hebrew curriculumfrom the Talmud, to mathematics, to Jewish mysticism. At age 11 his father diedand his stepsister laid claim to the entire family fortune. Thus Spinoza was on his own at an early age.

20. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Spinoza Belonged to a family of Jewish merchants of moderate means, and was originally called baruch. Born at Amsterdam, 24 Nov., 1632; died at The Hague, 21 Feb., 1677. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14217a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... S > Benedict Spinoza A B C D ... Z Benedict Spinoza (d'Espinosa, Despinoza). Born at Amsterdam, 24 Nov., 1632; died at The Hague, 21 Feb., 1677. He belonged to a family of Jewish merchants of moderate means, and was originally called Baruch, a name that he later translated into its Latin equivalent Benedict. His father's name was Michael, his mother, Michael's second wife, was called Hana Debora. In 1641 Michael married a third wife who was named Hester de Espinosa. The family probably had some connexion with the little town of Espino in Spanish Galicia, and with the celebrated Marrano family there called Espinosa. (The Marranos were Spanish Jews compelled to conform outwardly to Christianity About 1651 Spinoza, unable to see his way clearly, seems for a short time to have abandoned metaphysical studies, and to have fought a hard battle with his passions. Even at this time he was looked upon with suspicion by orthodox Jews. He now devoted himself to the natural philosophy of Descartes. Coming back in his way to metaphysics, he completely overcame the scepticism, and, resuming his first studies, began to lay the foundation of his new system. The philosophy of Descartes aided him in recasting the notions which he had previously acquired. After the death of his father in 1654, Spinoza was almost completely cast off by his family and, having no means, taught in the private Humanistic school of the ex- Jesuit and freethinker Franz van den Enden. Here he perfected himself in Latin and continued his philosophical investigations by the study of St. Augustine, the Stoics, Scholasticism (in a somewhat superficial manner), the philosophy of the

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