41. Herbert Spencer A variety of articles about the philosopher. http://www.libertyhaven.com/thinkers/herberspencer/

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42. Reasons For Dissenting From The Philosophy Of M. Comte By Herbert Spencer herbert spencer (1864). Laws in General. The recognition of Law being the recognition of uniformity of relations among phenomena, it http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/en/spencer2.htm

Herbert Spencer (1864) Laws in General The recognition of Law being the recognition of uniformity of relations among phenomena, it follows that the order in which different groups of phenomena are reduced to law, must depend on the frequency with which the uniform relations they severally display are distinctly experienced. At any given stage of progress, those uniformities will be best known with which men's minds have been oftenest and most strongly impressed. In proportion partly to the number of times a relation has been presented to consciousness (not merely to the senses), and in proportion partly to the vividness with which the terms of the relation have been cognised, will be the degree in which the constancy of connexion is perceived. The succession in which relations are generalised being thus determined, there result certain derivative principles to which this succession must more immediately and obviously conform. First is the directness with which personal welfare is affected . While, among surrounding things, many do not appreciably influence us in any way, some produce pleasures and some pains, in various degrees; and manifestly, those things whose actions on the organism for good or evil are most decided, will

43. Spencer_Note gallery index. herbert spencer. British philosopher who tried to discuss almost every topic in philosophy under the name of synthetic http://www.bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp/phisci/Gallery/spencer_note.html

Herbert Spencer British philosopher who tried to discuss almost every topic in philosophy under the name of "synthetic philosophy", from the first principles of philosophy, to those of biology, psychology, sociology, and more. Although he earned a disreputation in this century because of his influence on Social Darwinism, his view contains some siginificant part. Since he was not an academic philosopher, his arguments are often sloppy; however, his discussion of the conciliation of egoism and altruism in The Data of Ethics (1879) touches upon a very important problem, picked up again by sociobiology in this century. This at least shows that Spencer's philosophical sense was not as bad as many would suppose today (withot reading him); it may have been even better than T. H. Huxley's, although the latter certainly has a much higher reputation today. See my Darwinism and Ethics (Japanese), sects. 6-7 BACK TO SPENCER PICTURE BACK TO GALLERY INDEX Last modified December 17, 1999. (c) Soshichi Uchii

44. MSN Encarta - Spencer, Herbert Advertisement. spencer, herbert. spencer, herbert (18201903), British social philosopher, often regarded as one of the first sociologists. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761558093/Spencer_Herbert.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items extension of positivism John Fiske as follower more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Spencer, Herbert News Search MSNBC for news about Spencer, Herbert Internet Search Search Encarta about Spencer, Herbert Search MSN for Web sites about Spencer, Herbert Also on Encarta Road trip reading Special: Never stop learning Democrats vs. Republicans: What's the difference? Also on MSN Outdoor BBQ: Everything you need Quest for Columbus on Discovery Channel Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement document.write(''); Spencer, Herbert Multimedia 1 item Spencer, Herbert (1820-1903), British social philosopher, often regarded as one of the first sociologists. Born in Derby, England, Spencer was mainly self-educated. His early influences included the utilitarian philosophy of

45. Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) herbert spencer (18201903). Alvin Wee, University Scholars Programme, National University of Singapore. Bibliography and Web Resources. spencer, herbert. http://www.victorianweb.org/philosophy/spencer/spencer.html

Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) Alvin Wee, University Scholars Programme , National University of Singapore A Victorian biologist and philosopher, Herbert Spencer was born April 27th, 1820, at the height of British industrialism . He was educated at home in mathematics, natural science, history and English, among some other languages. Spencer was sickly in his youth, all eight of his other siblings dying at a young age. His constitution remained weak throughout his life, and he would later suffer from nervous breakdowns which he never recovered from, and he wandered about London never in a complete state of good health. He suffered from chronic insomnia, could only work a few hours a day, and used fairly substantial amounts of opium. He experienced a strange sensation in his head which he called "the mischief", and was known for eccentricities like the wearing of ear-plugs to avoid over-excitement, especially when he could not hold his ground in an argument. He obtained a job as a civil engineer on the railways at sixteen and wrote during his spare time. This vocation of his took up ten years of his life, and imbued him with a healthy optimism for life and society. Spencer became the sub-editor of The Economist in 1848, an important financial weekly at the time for the upper-middle class. He interacted with famous people like Thomas Huxley and John Tyndall, among many other leading intellectuals of Victorian Britain. Spencer published numerous articles in the radical press of his time, like

46. Social Darwinism herbert spencer s Social Darwinism. The following is a simple guide to the theory developed by herbert spencer which influenced Social Darwinism. http://www.victorianweb.org/philosophy/socdar.html

Herbert Spencer's Social Darwinism Alvin Wee, University Scholars Programme , National University of Singapore The following is a simple guide to the theory developed by Herbert Spencer which influenced Social Darwinism. It is not intended as a complete representation, but merely as an overview to the principles. The Organic Analogy Both society and organism grow during most of their existence; baby to adult, town to city. As they grow, they become increasingly complex. The progressive differentiation of structure is also accompanied by progressive differentiation of function. There are fundamental differences between society and organism: The parts of an organism form a concrete whole, whereas different areas of society are free and relatively dispersed. Parts of the organism invariably exist to benefit the whole (tautological), whereas in society, the whole exists merely for the benefit of the individual. Importance to sociologists: Herbert Spencer's theories are relevant to understanding the basics and development of sociology. Social Statics: The characteristics of a society depend wholly upon the characteristics of the individuals. In sociological principles conceives of a life different from that of the individual but ultimately produced by individuals.

47. Biography: Spencer, Herbert Search. Agnosticism / Atheism herbert spencer. Back to Last Page Glossary Index . Related Terms. Name herbert spencer. Dates Born http://atheism.about.com/library/glossary/evolution/bldef_spencerherbert.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Agnosticism / Atheism Home Essentials ... Evolution vs. Creationism zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Does God Exist? Ethics and Morality Islam and Muslims Religious Right ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Agnosticism / Atheism newsletter. Search Agnosticism / Atheism Herbert Spencer Back to Last Page Glossary Index Related Terms Charles Darwin evolution Name Herbert Spencer Dates Born: April 27, 1820 in Derby, England Died: December 8, 1903 in Brighton, England Specialization Evolutionary theory Major Works Princples of Biology (1864 - 1867) Principles of Psychology (1870 - 1872) Principles of Sociology (1876 - 1896) Principles of Ethics (1892 - 1893) Biography Herbert Spencer's philosophy cannot be described as inspired and original; however, in systematizing the ideas of his era he became very influential because his works were widely read for many, many years. Spencer is a bit better known today for having developed principles of evolutionary biology before Darwin - indeed, the popular phrase "survival of the fittest," now so associated with Darwinian evolution, is actually a creation of Spencer.

48. Herbert Spencer --  Encyclopædia Britannica spencer, herbert Encyclopædia Britannica Article. herbert spencer born April 27, 1820, Derby, Derbyshire, Eng. died Dec. APA style herbert spencer. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=70851

49. Herbert Spencer --  Britannica Student Encyclopedia spencer, herbert Britannica Student Encyclopedia. , spencer, herbert (1820–1903). It was the English philosopher herbert spencer http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article?eu=299305&query=george henry thomas&ct=ebi

50. LookSmart - Herbert Spencer spencer, herbert (18201903) spencer, herbert (1820-1903) English philosopher who coined the phrase survival of the fittest and robustly defended the notion http://www.looksmart.com/eus1/eus317836/eus317911/eus53880/eus67423/eus535020/eu

51. Biografía - Spencer, Herbert spencer, herbert Nacionalidad Gran Bretaña Derby 1820 - Brighton 1903. Su primer contacto con la filosofía http://www.artehistoria.com/historia/personajes/6671.htm

FICHA Nacionalidad: Gran Bretaña Derby 1820 - Brighton 1903 Su primer contacto con la filosofía evolucionista coincide con su estudio de Lyell, autor de "Principios de geología". En 1850 saca a la luz "Estática social", su ópera prima. En esta obra relaciona los principios evolucionistas con la sociedad. Este método ya lo había aplicado con la psicología. Su trabajo filosófico se concreta en las siguientes publicaciones: "Primeros principios", "Principios de biología" y "Principios de ética". También es autor de otros ensayos como: "Educación", "La clasificación de las ciencias", "Individuo y Estado" y su "Autobiografía" que se publicó al año de su muerte. Todos los textos e imágenes en alta resolución de esta sección están disponibles en la colección La Historia y sus Protagonistas de Ediciones Dolmen, S.L. (C) 2001 Ediciones Dolmen, S.L. Todos los derechos reservados.

52. Content Pages Of The Encyclopedia Of Religion And Social Science spencer, herbert. Donald A. Nielsen. References. JDY Peel (ed.), herbert spencer on Social Evolution (Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1984). http://hirr.hartsem.edu/ency/SpencerH.htm

Encyclopedia of Religion and Society William H. Swatos, Jr. Editor Table of Contents Cover Page Editors Contributors ... Web Version SPENCER, HERBERT British philosopher and sociologist; influential source of "social Darwinism" in the late nineteenth century. Nurtured by the middle-class radicalism and dissenting religion of Joseph Priestly, William Godwin, and others, he creatively synthesized the varied intellectual currents of his time. His early evolutionism anticipated Charles Darwin's Origin of Species (1859) but emphasized uniformitarian continuity between the organic and "superorganic" (i.e., cultural) realms and rested on Larmarckism. Everything developed from homogeneity to heterogeneity, including society, whose social differentiation increased as it changed from a centrally coordinated "military" type to an "industrial" one marked by individual freedom of contract. If unimpeded by government intervention, industrial society's progress would achieve a complete adaptation of mankind to its social state. Because all ills result from the maladaptation of constitution to conditions, the "evanescence of evil" would result. Spencer saw "the unknowable" element in reality as the root of religion. It was unlikely that scientific advance would eliminate religion because the sense of mystery formerly attributed to the world by religious thought would continue to operate at the point where scientific explanations ended. The third volume of his

53. Spencer, Herbert (1820-1903) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biogra spencer, herbert (18201903), English sociologist who was a follower of Charles Darwin and coined the phrase survival of the fittest http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Spencer.html

Branch of Science Sociologists Nationality English Spencer, Herbert (1820-1903) English sociologist who was a follower of Charles Darwin and coined the phrase "survival of the fittest," as well as popularizing the term evolution. Spencer was also responsible for attempting to adapt Darwin's theories to human society, known as social Darwinism. Like Comte , Spencer ordered the sciences, also seeking to include sociology as a science.

54. Citations, References, And Links spencer, herbert, The Man Versus The State, with Six Essays on Government, Society, and Freedom. Library of Economics and Liberty. spencer, herbert. http://www.econlib.org/cgi-bin/cite.pl

Citations, References, and Links Here is all you need to cite or reference that web page! (For still more information for that item, see the Card Catalog listing for it.) The three most well-known citation formats for online material are: MLA Style: Spencer, Herbert, The Man Versus The State, with Six Essays on Government, Society, and Freedom. APA Style: Spencer, Herbert. The Man Versus The State, with Six Essays on Government, Society, and Freedom. Library of Economics and Liberty. Retrieved May 27, 2004 from the World Wide Web: Turabian Style: Spencer, Herbert. The Man Versus The State, with Six Essays on Government, Society, and Freedom . , . [Online] available from ; accessed 27 May 2004; Internet. * In MLA style the book title is underlined and the citation is double-spaced. The first line is not indented, but subsequent lines are indented. You control these format features in your own word-processor. Copying the text we produce here will not always replicate these formats, though we have tried to illustrate the way your format should look. The underlining and double-spacing apply because the MLA style is usually used to submit manuscripts to typesetters who need clear copy. They will change the underlining to italics and the spacing to single spacing. If you are preparing references for a course, please consult the instructor. If you are preparing references for a website you are producing yourself, you may change the underlined material to italics and the spacing to single-spacing. Additional note: In MLA style, the webpage URL is inside visible angle brackets. It is not a typo that the angle brackets do not contain the standard HTML code necessary to link to the website! In MLA style, the URL is placed within visible angle brackets to demarcate the beginning and end of the URL clearly.

55. Index Of /library/RnP/Philosophy/Spencer, Herbert Parent Directory 23Jan-2003 0508 - First......Index of /library/RnP/Philosophy/spencer, herbert. Name Last modified Size http://myztek.com/library/RnP/Philosophy/Spencer, Herbert/

Index of /library/RnP/Philosophy/Spencer, Herbert Name Last modified Size Description ... Parent Directory 23-Jan-2003 05:08 - First Principles.rar 23-Jan-2003 05:08 291k Apache/1.3.27 Server at myztek.com Port 80

56. Herbert Spencer Translate this page herbert spencer. Derby (Inghilterra), 1820 - 1903. Documenti correlati, herbert spencer nacque il 27 aprile 1820 a Derby in Inghilterra http://www.emsf.rai.it/biografie/anagrafico.asp?d=103

57. FirPrin First Principles by herbert spencer 1862. Part I. The Unknowable. Chapter 1. Religion and Science. §1. We too often forget that not http://socserv2.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/spencer/firprin.html

First Principles by Herbert Spencer Part I The Unknowable Chapter 1 Religion and Science §2. Early traditions represent rulers as gods or demigods. By their subjects, primitive kings were regarded as superhuman in origin and superhuman in power. They possessed divine titles, received obeisances like those made before the altars of deities, and were in some cases actually worshipped. Of course along with the implied beliefs there existed a belief in the unlimited power of the ruler over his subjects, extending even to the taking of their lives at will; as until recently in Fiji, where a victim stood unbound to be killed at the word of his chief himself declaring, "whatever the king says must be done." In other times and among other races, we find these beliefs a little modified. The monarch, instead of being thought god or demigod, is conceived to be a man having divine authority, with perhaps more or less of divine nature. He retains, however, titles expressing his heavenly descent or relationships, and is still saluted in forms and words as humble as those addressed to the Deity. While in some places the lives and properties of his people, if not so completely at his mercy, are still in theory supposed to be his. Later in the progress of civilization, as during the middle ages in Europe, the current opinions respecting the relationship of rulers and ruled are further changed. For the theory of divine origin there is substituted that of divine right. No longer god or demigod, or even god-descended, the king is now regarded simply as God's vicegerent. The obeisances made to him are not so extreme in their humility; and his sacred titles lose much of their meaning. Moreover his authority ceases to be unlimited. Subjects deny his right to dispose at will of their lives and properties, and yield allegiance only in the shape of obedience to his commands.

58. Spencer, Herbert: Essays spencer, herbert Essays, university press books, shopping cart, new release notification. spencer, herbert Essays Scientific, Political and Speculative. http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/15146.ctl

Go to ... Full text search Excerpts Subject catalogs Subject index ... Shopping cart contents or Print an order form Spencer, Herbert Essays Scientific, Political and Speculative . Distributed for the Thoemmes Continuum. 1891 Edition. 1467 p., 3 Volumes. 1891 , 1999 Cloth CUSA $440.00tx 1-85506-750-1 This volume consists of a collection of articles published by Spencer in leading Victorian periodicals, such as The Westminster Review The Fortnightly Review and Mind . The wide range of subjects explored includes science, philosophy, aesthetics, ethics, psychology and politics. Subjects: Biography and Letters History of Science Political Science: Political and Social Theory The University of Chicago Press You may purchase this title at these fine bookstores . Outside the USA, consult our international information page File last modified on 5/14/2004. See also: Read about this title on the Thoemmes Press website. Questions about this title? email sales@press.uchicago.edu Email questions about books or availability to sales@press.uchicago.edu or questions about order status to custserv@press.uchicago.edu

59. Spencer, Herbert: The Social Statics spencer, herbert The Social Statics, university press books, shopping cart, new release notification. spencer, herbert The Social Statics. http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/15019.ctl

Go to ... Full text search Excerpts Subject catalogs Subject index ... Shopping cart contents or Print an order form Spencer, Herbert The Social Statics . Introduction by Michael Taylor. Distributed for the Thoemmes Continuum. 1851 Edition. 498 p. 1851 Cloth CUSA $135.00tx 1-85506-744-7 Spencer's first major publication, The Social Statics was written during his brief tenure as a sub-editor on the Economist. The principal themes are the politics of Nonconformist radicalism, the universality of natural law and the existence of a moral sense. Of particular note was his vision of a pure democracy, in which the vote was available to all, regardless of age, sex or property qualification. This vision illustrates the extent to which Spencer was in the vanguard of the radicalism of the 1840s. Subjects: Sociology: Methodology, Statistics, and Mathematical Sociology The University of Chicago Press You may purchase this title at these fine bookstores . Outside the USA, consult our international information page File last modified on 5/14/2004. See also: Read about this title on the Thoemmes Press website.

60. Society, Philosophy, Philosophers, S: Spencer, Herbert herbert spencer, 18201903. Sympathetically reviews spencer s influence. spencer, herbert - An extensive look at his works and some biographical information. http://www.combose.com/Society/Philosophy/Philosophers/S/Spencer,_Herbert/

Top Society Philosophy Philosophers ... Works Related links of interest: Society:Philosophy:History of Philosophy:19th Century Society:Politics:Liberalism Society:Philosophy:Philosophy of Education Society:Philosophy:Ethics:Normative:Social Darwinism ... Herbert Spencer: Social Darwinism in Education - A short article by Robert Barger, considering Spencer's legacy as a philosopher of education. Herbert Spencer - An extensive online biography of this Victorian thinker. In sequential pages. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Herbert Spencer - Biographical information and an explanation of his philosophy. By William Sweet. Liberty Haven: Herbert Spencer - A variety of articles about the philosopher. Photo of Herbert Spencer - A picture of the philosopher, dated to circa 1896. From the Wisconsin Historical Society Visual Materials Archive. Reflections Upon the Sociology of Herbert Spencer - Classic 1920 article by Charles Horton Cooley. Sympathetically reviews Spencer's influence. Spencer, Herbert - An extensive look at his works and some biographical information. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Herbert Spencer - Article by David Weinstein. Attempts to restore this philosopher to his place in the liberal utilitarian tradition.

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