81. Pascal Note gallery index. blaise pascal. French mathematician and philosopher who left many important results in mathematics, physics, and literature. http://www.bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp/phisci/Gallery/pascal_note.html

Blaise Pascal French mathematician and philosopher who left many important results in mathematics, physics, and literature. He began to work on geometry at the age of 12, and wrote a paper on projective geometry when he was 16. Thus mathematics became one of his major fields of study. When he was 19 years old, he invented a mechanical calculator, called "Pascaline". A small number of machines were actually manufactured but only a few were sold. In 1653, he worked on hydrostatics and wrote Treatise on the Equilibrium of Liquids which contains Pascal's Law of pressure. Then in 1654, his correspondence with Fermat prepared the ground for mathematical theory of probability. Later, in his religious essay, he applied a game theoretic consideration to his apologetic argument for the existence of God (Pascal's wager). In 1654 also, his Treatise on the Arithmetical Triangl was completed. Pascal's triangle is the following figure: This figure is related to the binomial expansion of (a+b)(a+b) ..., and the numbers in the figure are nothing but binomial coefficients in a certain order: For instance, "2" in the third line is a sum of the two numbes "1" and "1" immediately above, and likewise "3" in the fourth line is a sum of "1" and "2" immediately above. This triangle has various applications to mathematical problems, including probability and games.

82. Biografia De Pascal, Blaise Translate this page pascal, blaise. (Clermont-Ferrand, Francia, 1623-París, 1662) Filósofo, físico y matemático francés. Su madre falleció cuando http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/p/pascal.htm

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83. Modern History Sourcebook: Blaise Pascal 1623-1662: Penseés (Thoughts), 1660 Back to Modern History Sourcebook. Modern History Sourcebook blaise pascal (16231662) Penseés (Thoughts), 1660. Translation WF Trotter,. Introductory Note. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1660pascal-pensees.html

Back to Modern History Sourcebook Modern History Sourcebook: Blaise Pascal Penseés ( Thoughts Translation: W.F. Trotter, Introductory Note Blaise Pascal was born at Clermont in Auvergne on June 19, 1623, the son of the president of the Court of Aids of Clermont. He was a precocious child, and soon showed amazing mathematical talent. His early training was scientific rather than literary or theological, and scientific interests predominated during the first period of his activity. He corresponded with the most distinguished scholars of the time, and made important contributions to pure and applied mathematics and to physics. Meantime, an accident had brought the Pascal family into contact with Jansenist doctrine, and Blaise became an ardent convert. Jansenism, which took its name from Jansenius, the bishop of Ypres, had its headquarters in the Cistercian Abbey of Port-Royal, and was one of the most rigorous and lofty developments of post-Reformation Catholicism. In doctrine it somewhat resembled Calvinism in its insistence on Grace and Predestination at the expense of the freedom of the will, and in its cultivation of a thoroughgoing logical method of apologetics. In practise it represented an austere and even ascetic morality, and it did much to raise the ethical and intellectual level of seventeenth century France. Jansenism was attacked as heretical, especially by the Jesuits; and the civil power ultimately took measures to crush the movement, disbanding the nuns of Port-Royal, and by its persecutions affording to many of the Jansenists opportunities for the display of a heroic obstinacy. In this struggle Pascal took an important part by the publication, under the pseudonym of "Louis de Montalte," of a series of eighteen letters, attacking the morality of the Jesuits and defending Jansenism against the charge of heresy. In spite of the fact that the party for which he fought was defeated, in these "Provincial Letters," as they are usually called, Pascal inflicted a blow on the Society of Jesus from which that order has never entirely recovered.

84. Pascal, Blaise pascal, blaise (16231662). French philosopher, mathematician, and physicist, considered one of the great minds in Western intellectual history. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/P/pascal/2.html

Pascal, Blaise Later Life and Works Evaluation Pascal was one of the most eminent mathematicians and physicists of his day and one of the greatest mystical writers in Christian literature. His religious works are personal in their speculation on matters beyond human understanding. He is generally ranked among the finest French polemicists, especially in the Lettres provinciales, a classic in the literature of irony. Pascal's prose style is noted for its originality and, in particular, for its total lack of artifice. He affects his readers by his use of logic and the passionate force of his dialectic.

85. 1660 PENSEES By Blaise Pascal Translated By WF Trotter SECTION I 1660 PENSEES by blaise pascal translated by WF Trotter SECTION I THOUGHTS ON MIND AND ON STYLE 1. The difference between the mathematical and the intuitive mind http://eserver.org/philosophy/pascal-pensees.txt

86. 1657 THE PROVINCIAL LETTERS By Blaise Pascal Translated By Thomas 1657 THE PROVINCIAL LETTERS by blaise pascal translated by Thomas M Crie LETTER I Paris, January 23, 1656 SIR, We were entirely mistaken. http://eserver.org/philosophy/pascal-provincial-letters.txt

87. Citador: blaise pascal, in Pensamentos . http://citador.weblog.com.pt/arquivo/cat_pascal_blaise.html

P ascal, Blaise Arquivo Home Citações Citários CitaLivre ... Leituras Citador .pt Blogue de Divulgação de Citações, Aforismos, Pensamentos e Opiniões Literárias do Site Citador.pt maio 15, 2004 O Presente Inexistente Nunca nos detemos no momento presente. Antecipamos o futuro que nos tarda, como para lhe apressar o curso; ou evocamos o passado que nos foge, como para o deter: tão imprudentes, que andamos errando nos tempos que não são nossos, e não pensamos no único que nos pertence; e tão vãos, que pensamos naqueles que não são nada, e deixamos escapar sem reflexão o único que subsiste. É que o presente, em geral, fere-nos. Escondemo-lo à nossa vista porque nos aflige; e se nos é agradável, lamentamos vê-lo fugir. Tentamos segurá-lo pelo futuro, e pensamos em dispor as coisas que não estão na nossa mão, para um tempo a que não temos garantia alguma de chegar. Examine cada um os seus pensamentos, e há-de encontrá-los todos ocupados no passado ou no futuro. Quase não pensamos no presente; e, se pensamos, é apenas para à luz dele dispormos o futuro. Nunca o presente é o nosso fim: o passado e o presente são meios, o fim é o futuro. Assim, nunca vivemos, mas esperamos viver; e, preparando-nos sempre para ser felizes, é inevitável que nunca o sejamos. Blaise Pascal, in "Pensamentos"

88. Blaise Pascal's Arithmetic Machine Many references cite the French mathematician, physicist, and theologian, blaise pascal as being credited with the invention of the first operational http://www.maxmon.com/1640ad.htm

1640 AD Blaise Pascal's Arithmetic Machine As fate would have it, determining who invented the first mechanical calculator is somewhat problematical. Many references cite the French mathematician, physicist, and theologian, Blaise Pascal as being credited with the invention of the first operational calculating machine. Blaise Pascal. a Pascal's Arithmetic Machine. Courtesy of IBM In 1640, Pascal started developing a device to help his father add sums of money. The first operating model, the Arithmetic Machine, was introduced in 1642, and Pascal created fifty more devices over the next ten years. (In 1658, Pascal created a scandal when, under the pseudonym of Amos Dettonville, he challenged other mathematicians to a contest and then awarded the prize to himself!) a However, Pascal's device could only add and subtract, while multiplication and division operations were implemented by performing a series of additions or subtractions. In fact the Arithmetic Machine could really only add, because subtractions were performed using complement techniques, in which the number to be subtracted is first converted into its complement, which is then added to the first number. Interestingly enough, modern computers employ similar complement techniques. a See also: Leonardo da Vinci's mechanical calculator John Napier and Napier's Bones Wilhelm Schickard's mechanical calculator Gottfried von Libniz's Step Reckoner ... The invention of the slide rule a

89. Pascal, Blaise pascal, blaise (16231662). pascal was born in France and was encouraged by his father to study science. He met Fermat and was inspired http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/thomas_awl/chapter1/medialib

Pascal, Blaise (16231662) Pascal was born in France and was encouraged by his father to study science. He met Fermat and was inspired to work on applied science problems. As early as 1640, he wrote an essay on conic sections and earned praise for his work from Descartes Even though he suffered from poor health, Pascal designed an "arithmetic machine" to perform computations for tax collecting. He completed the first operating model in 1642 and built fifty more during the next decade. The machine was a small box with eight dials, each geared to a drum that displayed the digits in a register window. Pascal also contributed to the development of differential calculus Later, he became interested in the physics of fluids under pressure and other components and concepts of hydrostatics. After poor health adversely affected his pursuits in science, Pascal became interested in games of chance. This led to his study of probability and his contributions to the foundations of the calculus of probability. Poor health and interest in religious affairs kept him from pursuing mathematics full time; however, he still continued to produce important mathematical results in geometry and algebra.

90. EpistemeLinks.com: Philosopher Results blaise pascal. blaise pascalBorn 6/19/1623 Died 8/19/1662. pascal, blaise, Source Erratic Impact (PRB) Author Danne Polk. pascal, blaise, http://www.epistemelinks.com/Main/Philosophers.aspx?PhilCode=Pasc

91. Pascal, Blaise encyclopediaEncyclopedia pascal, blaise, blez päskäl Pronunciation Key. pascal, blaise , 1623–62, French scientist and religious philosopher. http://www.infoplease.com/cgi-bin/id/A0837765

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Memorial Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia Pascal, Blaise Pronunciation Key Pascal, Blaise , French scientist and religious philosopher. Studying under the direction of his father, a civil servant, Pascal showed great precocity, especially in mathematics and science. Before he was 16 he wrote a paper on conic sections which won the respect of the mathematicians of Paris; at 19 he invented a calculating machine. Credited with founding the modern theory of probability, Pascal also discovered the properties of the cycloid and contributed to the advance of differential calculus. In physics his experiments increased knowledge of atmospheric pressure through barometric measurements and of the equilibrium of fluids (see Pascal's law (1656). Those Provincial Letters

92. Quotes - Blaise Pascal , Blaise Pascal Quotations, Blaise Pascal Sayings - Famou blaise pascal Quotes, blaise pascal Quotations, blaise pascal Sayings Famous Quotes About truth. blaise pascal (1623-1662). It http://home.att.net/~quotesabout/blaisepascal.html

var srl33t_id = '3747'; var max_words = 10; var max_links_per_word = 5; Quotes Search! powered by FreeFind Quotes Quotations Click to tell a friend about Famous Quotes by e-mail ... Link to us! Blaise Pascal , Blaise Pascal Quotations, Blaise Pascal Sayings Famous Blaise Pascal Quotations Best Quote of the Day! More Quote topics on right Ctrl F (or equ.) to search Quotes Home 12step Quotes A. A. Milne Quotations Abigail Van Buren ... Looksmart Quotes Multi-Site Quotes Search Engine Search 12,000+ quotes pages! powered by FreeFind These quotes have been contributed and attributed by members of the Famous Quotes and Famous Sayings Network and many were previously posted to The Famous Quotes Mailing List. Please let me know if you find any errors or omissions or if you want to contribute. Contradiction is not a sign of falsity, nor the lack of contradiction a sign of truth. Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) It is not certain that everything is uncertain. Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) Few men speak humbly of humility, chastely of chastity, skeptically of skepticism Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) Perfect clarity would profit the intellect but damage the will.

93. Pascal, Blaise (1623-1662): Free Web Books, Online pascal, blaise (16231662). Biographical note. pascal, blaise (1623-1662). Works. http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/aut/pascal_blaise.html

The University of Adelaide Library eBooks Help ... Search Pascal, Blaise (1623-1662) Biographical note Pascal, Blaise (1623-1662) Works Pensees [ read download The Provincial letters [ read download Other links Other etext editions (via Online Books Page) Google search Search the library Catalogue eBooks@Adelaide ... For Libraries and indexers Other E-text Resources Directories Electronic Text Centers Literature Resources "Great Books" Programs See Also: Bookstores and Book Industry Publishers and Book Lists Book reviews Library Home ... Library Catalogue The University of Adelaide Library North Terrace ADELAIDE SA 5005 Telephone: Facsimile: Email: Last Modified 17/04/2004 CRICOS Provider Number 00123M Service Charter Privacy This page conforms to current web standards. If it looks strange in your browser, it may be that you are using an outdated or non-compliant browser. The best available browser this week is Mozilla

94. Blaise Pascal http://art.supereva.it/prover.freeweb/pascal.htm

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95. LookSmart - Directory - Pascal, Blaise blaise. pascal, blaise Take a look at explanations and essays about pascal s famous triangle of probability and his calculator. http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317914/us328800/us518756/us10211871/

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); Home IN the directory this category YOU ARE HERE Home Sciences Mathematics Mathematicians Pascal, Blaise - Take a look at explanations and essays about Pascal's famous triangle of probability and his calculator. Directory Listings About Pascal, Blaise - Early Computing Machines and Inventors Inventor of the first digital calculator, as well as of probability and projective geometry, is overviewed by this resource devoted to invention. Pascal, Blaise - Explore Patterns in Pascal's Triangle Play around with animation of Pascal's triangle of probabilities to see the patterns that can be formed with different numbers. Pascal, Blaise - Pascal's Arithmetic Machine Read about Pascal's first calculator, which he invented to help his father collect taxes, and find out about the scandal it caused. We're always looking for ways to improve your search experience. Tell us how we're doing. Join the Zeal community and help build the "Pascal, Blaise" Directory Category IN the directory this category About Us Advertise with Us Advertiser Log-in Terms of Service

96. LookSmart - Directory - Blaise Pascal blaise pascal Get biographies, essays, directories, and mathematical explanations of the work of blaise pascal. Directory Categories. http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317836/us317911/us53880/us62764/us282

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); Home IN the directory this category YOU ARE HERE Home Library Humanities Philosophy ... Existentialism Blaise Pascal - Get biographies, essays, directories, and mathematical explanations of the work of Blaise Pascal. Directory Categories Biographies Mathematics Online Texts Pascal's Wager ... Philosophy Directory Listings About About - Blaise Pascal Biography of Pascal focuses on his philosophy of skepticism and his religious beliefs. Pascal, Blaise - Episteme Links Philosophy resource offers links to biographies, resources, texts, images, and encyclopedia articles about Blaise Pascal. Pascal, Blaise - Oregon State University Offers a detailed bio and a chronology of the life of one of history's great geniuses. Follow links to the text of his "Penses" and his letters. We're always looking for ways to improve your search experience. Tell us how we're doing. Join the Zeal community and help build the "Blaise Pascal" Directory Category IN the directory this category About Us Advertise with Us Advertiser Log-in Terms of Service

97. Pascal, Blaise - Physik Lexikon - Pascal, Blaise Translate this page pascal, blaise. pascal, blaise (1623-1662), französischer Philosoph, Mathematiker und Physiker, der als einer der großen Denker http://www.physik-lexikon.de/viewphysiker2.php?suchwort=Pascal, Blaise

98. MEMO - Le Site De L'Histoire Translate this page pascal, blaise Clermont-Ferrand, 1623 - Paris, 1662 © Hachette Livre et/ou Hachette Multimédia Philosophe, mathématicien et physicien français. http://www.memo.fr/personnage_route.asp?ID=331

99. Pascal Translate this page blaise pascal. pascal, blaise (1623-1662), französischer Philosoph, Mathematiker und Physiker, der als einer der großen Denker http://www.bingo-ev.de/~kg666/verschie/physiker/pascal.htm

Blaise Pascal Pascal, Blaise (1623-1662), französischer Philosoph, Mathematiker und Physiker, der als einer der großen Denker der westlichen Geistesgeschichte betrachtet wird. Pascal wurde am 19. Juni 1623 in Clermont-Ferrand geboren, und seine Familie ließ sich 1629 in Paris nieder. Von seinem Vater unterwiesen, wurde Pascal bald zu einem mathematischen Wunderkind, und im Alter von 16 Jahren formulierte er einen seiner wichtigen Lehrsätze der projektiven Geometrie, der als Pascalscher Satz bekannt wurde und in seinem Werk Essai pour les coniques (1639, Über die Kegelschnitte) dargelegt wurde. 1642 erfand er die erste mechanische Addiermaschine. 1648 bewies Pascal experimentell, dass die Höhe einer Quecksilbersäule in einem Barometer vom Luftdruck abhängig ist. Diese Entdeckung bestätigte die Hypothese des italienischen Physikers Evangelista Torricelli über die Wirkung des Luftdruckes auf das Gleichgewicht von Flüssigkeiten. Sechs Jahre später formulierte Pascal in Zusammenarbeit mit dem französischen Mathematiker Pierre de Fermat die mathematischen Grundlagen der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung, die große Bedeutung für die Statistik bekommen hat, besonders in den Bereichen Versicherungs- und Bevölkerungstatistik, aber auch wichtige Grundlage für Berechnungen in der modernen theoretischen Physik geworden ist. Zu Pascals weiteren wichtigen, wissenschaftlichen Leistungen zählt das Pascalsche Gesetz oder Prinzip, das besagt, dass in Flüssigkeiten der Druck gleichmäßig in alle Richtungen weitergeleitet wird, ferner seine Untersuchungen zur Infinitesimalrechnung.

100. Biografie [Blaise Pascal] - Informatik - 3C (2001/2002) Translate this page blaise pascal (1623-1662). blaise pascal wurde am 19. Juli 1623 in Clemont-Ferrand, Auvergerne, geboren. Seine Familie ließ sich 1629 in Paris nieder. http://www.schule.suedtirol.it/rg-bk/projekte/informatik/history/bio_pascal.html

Start Geschichte Entwicklungen Napier, John Schickard, Wilhelm Pascal, Blaise Leibniz, G. Wilhelm Babbage, Charles Hollerith, Herman Zuse, Konrad ... Kommentare Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) In Unwissenheit von Schickards "Calculating Clock" erarbeitete Pascal ein Gerät, das seinem Vater, einem Steuereintreiber, eine Arbeitserleichterung bringen sollte. Der Hintergrund für diese Bemühungen war, dass die damalige französische Währung ähnlich komplex war, wie deren englisches Pendant. Pascal baute also eine Maschine, die später nach ihm benannt wurde, welche lediglich die Addition beherrschte. Subtraktion war nur durch rechnerisches Beitun des Anwenders möglich. Pascal war zugleich Philosoph. "[...]Die Vergangenheit und die Gegenwart sind unsere Mittel; allein die Zukunft ist unser Ziel. Deshalb leben wir nie, sondern hoffen auf das Leben, und da wir uns ständig bereit halten, glücklich zu werden, ist es unausbleiblich, dass wir es niemals sind.[...]" So formuliert er den tieferen Sinn für sein Tun, nämlich wollte er durch seine Erfindungen die Zukunft reformieren "[...]Wir halten uns nie an die Gegenwart. Wir rufen uns die Vergangenheit zurück; wir greifen der Zukunft vor, als käme sie zu langsam und als wollten wir ihr Eintreten beschleunigen, oder wir rufen uns die Vergangenheit zurück, als wollten wir sie festhalten, da sie zu schnell vorübereilte, wir sind so unklug, dass wir in Zeiten umherirren [...]" Diese Aussage macht deutlich dass Pascal sein Tun und das Tun seiner Kollegen durchaus kritisch betrachten konnte.

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