61. Karl Marx, Par Francis Kaplan (Site Francis Kaplan) Extrait de La Philosophie allemande de Kant   Heidegger (PUF, 1993), livre de Francis Kaplan. http://www.dtext.com/francis-kaplan/kaplan-karl-marx.html

Site Francis Kaplan DOCUMENT Karl Marx par Francis Kaplan Chapitre de La Philosophie allemande de Kant à Heidegger , dir. Dominique Folscheid, Paris, PUF, 1993. Publié avec autorisation de l'éditeur, tous droits réservés Ce document est proposé en lien avec le livre Les trois communismes de Marx , de Francis Kaplan. Plan de l'article : 1. Le communisme en tant que réalisation de la nature humaine 2. Le communisme en tant qu'exigence morale 3. Le communisme en tant que nécessité historique 4. La société communiste ... 6. Le matérialisme dialectique Karl Marx est né en 1818 à Trêves (Prusse rhénane). Son père, avocat d'origine juive, s'était converti en 1816 ou 1817 pour pouvoir continuer à exercer sa profession et a converti ses enfants en 1824. Karl Marx fait des études de philosophie et devient docteur avec une thèse sur la philosophie de la nature chez Démocrite et Epicure. Il dirige la Rheinische Zeitung pendant un an jusqu'à l'interdiction de celle-ci. Il s'exile, en 1843, d'abord à Paris, puis à Bruxelles, après une crise de conscience intellectuelle, et devient communiste. Il se lie d'une amitié profonde avec Frédéric Engels avec qui il publie des ouvrages en commun et qui apparaîtra comme l'alter ego de Marx. Il revient en Allemagne en 1848 après la révolution et fait paraître la

62. Karl Marx & Frederick Engels - Free Online Library karl marx Frederick Engels online books, marx, karl Engles, Frederick Free Online Library - karl marx Frederick Engels The Communist Manifesto, best http://marx.thefreelibrary.com/

Library Dictionary Karl Marx was born on May 5th, 1818 in Trier, Germany (then Prussia), the son of Hirschel and Henrietta Marx. Hirschel abandoned his Jewish faith when Karl was a child in order to escape the Anti-Semitism that ran rampant through Germany. He became a Protestant, going so far as to change his name from to Heinrich. Karl attended school locally until 1835, at which time he entered Bonn University to study law. He ran up large debts and was wounded in a duel. In an attempt to help his son set his life straight, Heinrich paid off Karl's debts, but insisted that he move to Berlin University. Karl earned his degree at Jena in 1841 at the age of twenty-three. He moved to Paris in 1843, where he met Frederick Engels. Frederick Engels was born on November 28th, 1820 in Barmen, Germany (then Rhineland), the son of a manufacturer. Engels was educated locally at schools run by Protestant Pietists ("a reform movement in the German Lutheran Church during the 17th and 18th centuries, which strove to renew the devotional ideal in the Protestant religion"). Engels was sent to Bremen in 1838 to work as a clerk. He completed his education by reading voraciously, studying philosophy, theology, history, and literature. He published articles under the pseudonym "Friedrich Oswald." In 1843, on his way from England back to Germany, Engels met Marx. In 1848, The Communist League had asked for a statement on the principles of communism for their society from Marx and Engels.

63. Filosofia Politica Di Karl Marx Un'ipotesi sulla filosofia politica di karl marx. L'autore arricchisce la sua tesi con molto materiale. http://giulio9831.supereva.it/

L'altro Marx Ipotesi parziale sulla filosofia politica di Karl Marx Cronologia delle opere di un filosofo antistatalista e revisionista 1818 - Nasce alla vita Karl Marx , una figura complessa - rivoluzionario, giornalista, economista - che risulta di difficile lettura e definizione soprattutto nel campo della filosofia politica Manoscritti economico-filosofici del '44 Karl Marx Il Manifesto del partito comunista Scritto "in fretta e furia" insieme ad Engels, in poco meno di un mese, sotto la spinta dei moti rivoluzionari, ha come principale riferimento concettuale un libro di Engels "I principi del comunismo". La Guerra civile in Francia Si afferma che "la classe operaia non può semplicemente prender possesso della macchina statale bell'e pronta e metterla in moto per i propri fini". Marx propone un modello simile alla devolution, trasferendo i poteri da un governo centralizzato all'autogoverno dei produttori, organizzati nelle autonomie comunali.

64. Marx - Third Manuscript karl marx s ECONOMIC AND PHILOSOPHICAL MANUSCRIPTS of 1844. Excerpt from the Third Manuscript. CRITIQUE OF HEGEL S DIALECTIC AND GENERAL PHILOSOPHY. http://www.class.uidaho.edu/mickelsen/texts/Marx - 3rd man excerpt.htm

[This document was retrieved from the Marx/Engels Archives and subsequently edited.] Karl Marx's ECONOMIC AND PHILOSOPHICAL MANUSCRIPTS of 1844 Excerpt from the Third Manuscript CRITIQUE OF HEGEL'S DIALECTIC AND GENERAL PHILOSOPHY T his is, perhaps, the place to make a few remarks, by way of explanation and justification, about the Hegelian dialectic both in general and in particular, as expounded in the Phenomenology and Logic , as well as about its relation to the modern critical movement. Modern German criticism was so pre-occupied with the old world, and so entangled during the course of its development with its subject-matter, that it had a completely uncritical attitude to the method of criticism, and was completely unaware of the seemingly formal but in fact essential question of how we now stand in relation to the Hegelian dialectic. The lack of awareness about the relation of modern criticism to Hegelian philosophy in general and to the dialectic in particular has been so pronounced that critics like Strauss and Bruno Bauer are still, at least implicitly, imprisoned within Hegelian logic, the first completely so and the second in his Synoptiker (where, in opposition to Strauss, he substitutes the "self-consciousness" of abstract man for the substance of abstract nature) and even in his

65. Croce An essay written in 1896 by Bernedetto Croce. http://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/marx/croce.htm

Historical Materialism and the Economics of Karl Marx by Benedetto Croce translated by C.M. Meredith and with an introduction by A.D. Lindsay INTRODUCTION The Essays in this volume, as will be apparent, have all of them had an occasional origin. They bear evident traces of particular controversy and contain much criticism of authors who are hardly, if at all, known in this country. Their author thought it worth while to collect them in one volume and it has been, I am sure, worth while to have them translated into English, because though written on different occasions and in different controversies they have all the same purpose. They are an attempt to make clear by philosophical criticism the real purpose and value of Marx's work. It is often said that it is the business of philosophy to examine and criticise the assumptions of the sciences and philosophy claims that in this work it is not an unnecessary meddler stepping in where it is not wanted. For time and again for want of philosophical criticism the sciences have overstepped their bounds and produced confusion and contradiction. The distinction between the proper spheres of science and history and moral judgment is not the work of either science or history or moral judgment but can only be accomplished by philosophical reflection, and the philosopher will justify his work, if he can show the various contending parties that his distinctions will disentangle the puzzles into which they have fallen and help them to understand one another.

66. Karl Marx (1818-1883) Fil²sof alemany, creador juntament amb Friedrich Engels del socialisme cient­fic (comunisme modern) i un dels pensadors m©s influents de la hist²ria contempor nia. http://perso.wanadoo.es/filosofs/fil-marx.htm

Karl Marx Rheinische Zeitung Friedrich Hegel . Quan Engels es va reunir amb ell a la capital francesa el 1844, tots dos van descobrir que havien arribat independentment a les mateixes conclusions sobre la naturalesa dels problemes revolucionaris. El Manifest Comunista Manifest Comunista Manifest Neue Rheinische Zeitung El capital New York Tribune des de 1852 fins a 1861 i va escriure diversos articles per a la New American Cyclopedia El capital (4 volums, 1905-1910). Karl Marx

67. Karl Marx Translate this page Home_Page karl marx (1818-1883), Filósofo alemán, creador junto con Friedrich Engels del socialismo científico (comunismo moderno http://www.epdlp.com/marx.html

Karl Marx F Marx se vio obligado a abandonar París en 1845 debido a su implicación en actividades revolucionarias. Se instaló en Bruselas y comenzó a organizar y dirigir una red de grupos llamados Comités de Correspondencia Comunista, establecidos en varias ciudades europeas. En 1847, Marx y Engels recibieron el encargo de elaborar una declaración de principios que sirviera para unificar todas estas asociaciones e integrarlas en la Liga de los Justos (más tarde llamada Liga Comunista). El programa que desarrollaron -conocido en todo el mundo como el Manifiesto Comunista - fue redactado por Marx basándose parcialmente en el trabajo preparado por Engels y representaba la primera sistematización de la doctrina del socialismo moderno. Las proposisicones centrales del Manifesto , aportadas por Marx, constituyen la concepción del materialismo histórico, concepción formulada más adelante en la Crítica de la economía política (1859). Según se explica en estas tesis, el sistema económico dominante en cada época histórica, por el cual se satisfacen las necesidades vitales de los individuos, determina la estructura social y la superestructura política e intelectual de cada periodo. De este modo, la historia de la sociedad es la historia de las luchas entre los explotadores y los explotados, es decir, entre la clase social gobernante y las clases sociales oprimidas. Partiendo de estas premisas, Marx concluyó en el Manifiesto que la clase capitalista sería derrocada y suprimida por una revolución mundial de la clase obrera que culminaría con el establecimiento de una sociedad sin clases. Esta obra ejerció una gran influencia en la literatura comunista posterior y en el pensamiento revolucionario en general; ha sido traducida a multitud de lenguas y de ella se han editado cientos de miles de ejemplares.

68. Eleanor Marx Youngest daughter of karl marx. Advocated Revolutionary International Socialism and in 1885 helped organize the International Socialist Congress in Paris. Became active in trade unions. (18551898) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmarx.htm

Eleanor Marx To receive your free copy every week enter your email address below. FREE Education Newsletters - choose below... Education on the Internet Teaching History Online Email: Let keep Ahead .com bring you the world by email Spartacus USA History British History Second World War ... Email Eleanor Marx , the youngest daughter of Karl Marx , was born in London on 16th January 1855. A very intelligent child, she was mainly taught by her father and by the age of three she could recite passages by Shakespeare. Marx, who treated his daughter as a "friend and companion" could converse with her as a child in German and French as well as English. By the time Eleanor was sixteen (1871) she acted as her father's secretary, accompanying him to international conferences on socialism. When seventeen Eleanor fell in love with a French journalist, Hippolyte Lissagaray. Although Lissagaray and Marx shared the same political views, he disapproved of the relationship because at 34, Lissagaray was twice the age of his daughter. To emphasize her independence, Eleanor left the family home and found work as a schoolteacher in

69. History Of The Paris Commune History of the first workers government ever created. Timeline of events, image gallery, overview of how the Commune operated and works on the Paris Commune by karl marx, Jenny marx and Henri Lissagaray. http://www.marxists.org/history/france/paris-commune/

Marxist History: The Paris Commune Timeline of Events Organizational overview of the Commune The Civil War in France A book by Karl Marx detailing the events and political significance of the commune. Written as an address to the International, Marx explained the events underway in France with the purpose of distributing the information to workers all around the world. Marx explains the revolutionary achievements of the Paris Commune and the reaction to it by the French government of Thiers. History of the Paris Commune of 1871 by Henri Lissagaray Henri Lissagaray was a participant in the Paris Commune and his critical eye-witness account was published in French in 1876. Eleanor Marx translated the work into English and the manuscript was revised and checked by Karl Marx. Escape from Post-Commune France Written by Jenny Marx, this document describes her escape from France after the fall of the Paris Commune; after the massacres of over 30,000 workers, and the mass arrests of more than 38,000 workers. Escaping from the extreme police persecution was no easy task, but after several run-ins with the police, and many narrow escapes, Jenny Marx was able to flee to England with her life intact. Image Gallery Containing several picture galleries with photographs showing the destruction of Paris, buildings in rubble caused by the French army artillery bombardment, photographs of soldiers and barricades in the streets before the fighting began, and political caricatures of people and events.

70. Marx, Karl (1818-1883) And Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) - Archive marx, karl (18181883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) Period marx (1792-) 1835-1883 (-1910) Period Engels 1820-1895 (-1924, 1935) Size 8 m. Finding Aid http://www.iisg.nl/archives/gias/m/10760604.html

International Institute of Social History Archives Last updated: Apri 15, 2004 Go To Home Index Archives All Archives A-Z Dutch Archives A-Z ... List All Archives Search Archives More Options Help Contact Services: Enquiries Marx, Karl (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) Period Marx Period Engels Size : 8 m. Finding Aid : inventory in [ HTML SGML Biographical/historical note Marx, Karl Engels, Friedrich Contents Karl Marx papers Marx family papers : personal documents, correspondence, some manuscripts, notes and other documents of his wife Jenny Marx-von Westphalen, his daughters Eleanor, Jenny and Laura and of other relatives. Friedrich Engels papers Papers originating from and pertinent to both, Marx and Engels : files concerning the actions of the municipality of Elberfeld against communism 1845-1847, the Kommunistenbund 1848-1852, the Deutsche Flüchtlings-Komitee 1849-1850, the publishing of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung 1850, Carl Vogt 1853-1864 and the Marx-Engels Archiv [1894]-1924; issues of periodicals containing publications of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels 1838-1902; clippings containing reviews of publications by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and articles on other subjects; pamphlets, leaflets, prospectuses and other printed material; manuscripts by Eduard Bernstein and other persons, in some cases with additional notes by Karl Marx [1838-1896]; correspondence between other persons related to the activities or the archives of Marx and Engels (1820) 1846-1895. NB. Only photocopies can be consulted. Part of the papers of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels at the RCChIDNI in Moscow; see also p. 420.

71. Marx Engels 1848 Works, articles and essays written by karl marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848, many of which deal with the revolutionary situation. http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/

Works of Marx and Engels Major Works On Free Trade On Poland THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO Demands of the Communist Party of Germany ... Communist Manifesto Engels The "Satisfied" Majority Extraordinary Revelations.-Abd-el-Kader.-Guizot's Foreign Policy To the Editor of The Northern Star Engels The Coercion Bill for Ireland and the Chartists The Chartist Movement. [The Fraternal Democrats to the Working Classes of Great Britain and Ireland] The Chartist Movement. [Meeting in Support of the National Petition] Marx To the Editor of La Reforme Persecution of Foreigners in Brussels Engels Feargus O'Connor and the Irish People The Situation in France . (Marx) The Movements of 1847 The Beginning of the End in Austria The Debat social ... on the Democratic Association . (Marx) Three New Constitutions A Word to the Riforma Revolution in Paris ... The June Revolution in Paris , Marx in Neue Rheinische Zeitung Correspondence Minor Works The Situation in Belgium . (Engels) Letter to Editor of the Populaire To the Committee of the German Democratic Society To the Editor of the Newspaper ... L'Alba (Marx) Marx-Engels Collected Works

72. Marx, Karl - Archive marx, karl Period 1845, c. 1863 Reproduction 1 microfilm Biographical/historical note marx, karl born in Trier, Prussia 1818 http://www.iisg.nl/archives/gias/m/10859723.html

International Institute of Social History Archives Last updated: October 17, 2000 Go To Home Index Archives All Archives A-Z Dutch Archives A-Z ... List All Archives Search Archives More Options Help Contact Services: Enquiries Marx, Karl Period : 1845, c. 1863 Reproduction : 1 microfilm Biographical/historical note Contents : Two notebooks with excerpts from and notes on publications of Nicolas F. Dupré de St. Maur, François L.A. Ferrier, Théodore Fix, Alexandre de Laborde, Alexandre Moreau de Jonnès, R. de la Sagra, Heinrich Storch and others, made by Marx during his stay in Brussels 1845; the London notebook ‘Beiheft C' with notes by Marx on publications of Johann Beckmann, Pierre S. Dupont de Nemours, George Ensor, François Quesnay, J.L. Sismondi, Adam Smith, Josiah Tucker and others c. 1863. Top

73. Carlos Marx Biograf­a. http://antroposmoderno.com/biografias/Marx.html

window.location='http://www.antroposmoderno.com/antro-articulo.php?id_articulo=368' AQUI

74. Marx, Karl Translate this page marx, karl. marxismo. 1.- Conjunto de teorías económicas, políticas y filosóficas de karl marx. 2.- Movimiento teórico y político http://www.profesorenlinea.cl/biografias/MarxKarl.htm

75. Karl Marx/Friedrich Engels Translate this page MLWerke . karl marx/Friedrich Engels. Übersicht nach MEW-Bänden. Übersicht Schriften zur Ökonomie. 1837. karl marx, Briefe an den Vater in Trier, 1839. http://www.mlwerke.de/me/default.htm

MLWerke Karl Marx/Friedrich Engels Suche in den Werken von Marx und Engels Suche im gesamten Bereich MLwerke.de Suche in den Werken von Lenin Suche in den Werken von Rosa Luxemburg Suche in den Werken von Leo Trotzki Suche in den Werken von August Bebel Suche in den Werken von Franz Mehring Suche in den Werken von John Reed Suche in den Werken von Josef Stalin Suchoption: Hilfe zur Suche Was sagt Marx dazu? den "Favoriten" hinzu oder Was sagt Marx dazu? als "Lesezeichen" Karl Marx Briefe an den Vater in Trier Friedrich Engels Briefe aus dem Wuppertal Seitenanfang Karl Marx/Friedrich Engels Artikel und Korrespondenzen Karl Marx Zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie Karl Marx Zur Judenfrage Karl Marx/Friedrich Engels Artikel und Korrespondenzen Karl Marx Zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie. Einleitung Friedrich Engels Karl Marx/Friedrich Engels Die Heilige Familie oder Kritik der kritischen Kritik Karl Marx Karl Marx/Friedrich Engels Artikel und Korrespondenzen Seitenanfang Friedrich Engels Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse in England Karl Marx Karl Marx/Friedrich Engels Texte zu Feuerbach Karl Marx/Friedrich Engels Artikel und Korrespondenzen Seitenanfang Karl Marx/Friedrich Engels Zirkular gegen Kriege Karl Marx/Friedrich Engels Die deutsche Ideologie Karl Marx/Friedrich Engels Artikel und Korrespondenzen Seitenanfang Seitenanfang Friedrich Engels

76. Viden Er Magt! Velkommen En politisk side med fokus p¥ klassekamp, socialisme og kommunisme. Indeholder en del filosofisk stof; fortrinsvis af og om karl marx. http://www.rasmussen.popx.dk/

77. Marx, Karl Agnosticism / Atheism karl marx. Biography karl marx (181883) was a German philosopher who became famous for his theories regarding economics and society. http://atheism.about.com/library/glossary/political/bldef_marx.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Agnosticism / Atheism Home Essentials ... Evolution vs. Creationism zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Does God Exist? Ethics and Morality Islam and Muslims Religious Right ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Agnosticism / Atheism newsletter. Search Agnosticism / Atheism Karl Marx Back to Last Page Glossary Index Related Terms Marxism Hegel Biography: Karl Marx (1818-83) was a German philosopher who became famous for his theories regarding economics and society. He made use of Hegel's theories regarding history and philosophy in order to develop a better understanding about how people act in a social environment. It is sometimes said that Marx turned Hegel's theories upsidedown, and there is some truth to this. Whereas Hegel gave absolute primacy to Spirit which he believed then generated the universe, Marx argued that the primary driving force behind nature and culture was matter, not Absolute Spirit. By this he did not mean atoms or molecules, but rather the material nature of economic forced of production and exchange. Also Known As: none Alternate Spellings: none Common Misspellings: none Related Resources: What are Political and Legal Philosophy The Philosophy of Politics and the Philosophy of Law are often studied separately, but they are presented here jointly because they both come back to the same thing: the study of force. Politics is the study of political force in the general community, while jurisprudence is the study of how laws can and should be used to achieve political and social goals.

78. Modern History Sourcebook Karl Marx Scientific Socialism, 1844 Back to Modern History SourceBook. Modern History Sourcebook karl marx Scientific Socialism, 1844 1875. An Epitome. From Economic http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/marx-summary.html

79. Karl Marx Als Kritiker Des Kapitalismus Der Artikel typisiert drei geschichtliche Epochen, von der pers¶nlichen Abh¤ngigkeit bis hin zur Entstehung der freien Individualit¤t . http://www.thur.de/philo/marx.htm

Karl Marx als Kritiker des Kapitalismus An den Beginn stelle ich eine Typisierung geschichtlicher Epochen: Marx analysierte die Gesellschaft in ihrer zweiten Epoche, um sie im Sinne der dritten zu kritisieren. Bemerkung 1: Bemerkung 2: Bemerkung: Im 14.-16. Jahrhundert sollen in England jedoch die Lebensbedingungen der Menschen noch wesentlich besser gewesen sein, als dann im 18. Jahrhundert (Marx, MEW 23, S. 707). der modernen Wirtschaft ankurbelt(e)." (Ahrendt, S. 318; Marx MEW 23, S. 748) Zweite Epoche: Anmerkung: Die " Scheidung zwischen den Arbeitern und dem Eigentum an den Verwirklichungsbedingungen der Arbeit Anmerkung zur Anmerkung: Wenn Ausbeutung "Aneignung fremder, unbezahlter Arbeit" bedeutet, so ist Lohnarbeit eine ihrer Formen. Naturalisierung ") (Bennholdt-Thomsen, Mies) Nebenbei: Anmerkung: ausgebeutete Arbeit " - wobei offen bleibt, ob dies bezahlte, "unter-" oder gar nicht bezahlte lebendige Arbeit ist. Lohn Achtung: Profit ist. Profitrate nichts davon aus, wo der Mehrwert herkommt. Die Mehrwertrate Bemerkung: Bemerkung 2: Geld wirkt als Kapital +Mehrwert des Kreises.

80. Marx, Karl 1818-1883 http://www.reynier.com/Anthro/Politique/MarxB.html

Marx, Karl 1818-1883 3. En 1841, Feurerbach publie son essence du christianisme 1. Le matérialisme historique est la théorie selon laquelle la production des biens matériels détermine la vie sociale et l’apparition des idées : " Ce n’est pas la conscience qui détermine la vie, mais la vie qui détermine la conscience ". L’histoire ne s’explique donc pas par l’action volontaire et concertée des hommes : " les hommes font l’histoire mais ils ne savent pas l’histoire qu’ils font ". 3. Pour aboutir à la société sans classe, Marx fixe 4 étapes. Une phase révolutionnaire et violente pour désaisir la bourgeoisie de son capital. Une dictature du prolétariat, autoritaire, pour éviter les actions contre-révolutionnaires. Le socialisme pour relancer la production économique, phase durant laquelle on appliquera la formule " à chacun selon son travail ". Enfin le communisme qui consiste à réaliser la distribution égalitaire des produits et permettre la libre organisation des collectivités. La formule dominante devient alors " à chacun selon ses besoins ". 1. En matière religieuse Marx reprend l’analyse de Feurerbach. Tout d’abord il y a la projection des qualités de l’homme générique en un Dieu, laquelle s’explique par des causes sociales et réelles ( " La religion est le soupir de la créature opprimée, le sentiment d’un monde sans cœur, et l’âme d’une société sans âme. Elle est l’opium du peuple ".)

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