21. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Christian Gaul The Church of Gaul first appeared in history in connexion with the persecution at Lyons under marcus aurelius (177). http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06395b.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... G > Christian Gaul A B C D ... Z Christian Gaul The Church of Gaul first appeared in history in connexion with the persecution at Lyons under Marcus Aurelius (177). The pagan inhabitants rose up against the Christians , and forty-eight martyrs suffered death under various tortures. Among them there were children like the slave Blandina and Ponticus, a youth of fifteen. Every rank of life had members among the first martyrs of the Church of Gaul: the aristocracy were represented by Vettius Epagathus; the professional class by Attalus of Pergamus, a physician; a neophyte Maturus, died beside Pothinus, Bishop of Lyons, and Sanctus, deacon of Vienne. The Christians of Lyons and Vienne in a letter to their brethren of Smyrna give an account of this persecution, and the letter preserved by Eusebius (Hist. Eccl., V, i-iv), is one the gems of Christian literature. In this document the Church of Lyons seems to be the only church organized at the time in Gaul. That of Vienne appears to have been dependent on it and, to judge from similar cases, was probably administered by a deacon. How or where Christianity first gained a foothold in Gaul is purely a matter of conjecture. Most likely the first missionaries came by sea, touched at Marseilles, and progressed up the Rhone till they established the religion at Lyons, the metropolis and centre of communication for the whole country. The firm establishment of

22. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Thundering Legion The story of an expedition against the Quadi led by Emperor marcus aurelius. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14711b.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... T > Thundering Legion A B C D ... Z Thundering Legion Legio fulminata , or fulminea , not fulminatrix The story of the Thundering Legion is in substance as follows: When the Emperor Marcus Aurelius led an expedition against the Quadi in 174, his army, exhausted by thirst, was on the point of falling an easy prey to the enemy. It was then that the soldiers of the Twelfth Legion, which was composed of Christians , prayed to their God for help. Forthwith a heavy thunderstorm arose, bringing the desired relief to the Romans, but terrifying and dispersing the barbarians. Hereupon the emperor issued a decree forbidding the persecution of the Christians and to the Twelfth Legion he gave the surname of fulminata , or fulminea , that is, "thundering." The earliest reference to this occurrence from a Christian source was made by Tertullian ("Apologeticum," v, and "Ad Scapulam," iv). He is quoted by Eusebius (Hist. eccl., V, v), who also cites Apollinaris of Hierapolis, a contemporary of Aurelius , as an authority for the alleged miracle . Later Christian authorities are Orosius (Hist. adv. paganos, VII, xv)

23. Ancient History Sourcebook: Marcus Aurelius Antonius: Meditations, 167 CE Back to Ancient History Sourcebook . Ancient History Sourcebook marcus aurelius Antonius Meditations, 167 CE. Marcus Aelius Aurelius http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/marcuaurelius1.html

Back to Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient History Sourcebook: Marcus Aurelius Antonius: Meditations, 167 CE Marcus Aelius Aurelius Antoninus, was born in 121, was adopted by the emperor Antoninus Pius and succeeded him in 161, (as joint emperor with adoptive brother Lucius Verus). He ruled alone from 169. He spent much of his reign in putting down variou rebellions, and was a persecutor of Christians. His fame rest, above all, on his Meditations , a series of reflections, strongly influenced by Epictetus, which represent a Stoic outlook on life. He died in 180 and was succeed by his natural son, thus ending the period of the adoptive emperors. Book I Book II Book III Book IV ... Book X BOOK ONE FROM my grandfather Verus I learned good morals and the government of my temper. From the reputation and remembrance of my father, modesty and a manly character. From my mother, piety and beneficence, and abstinence, not only from evil deeds, but even from evil thoughts; and further, simplicity in my way of living, far removed from the habits of the rich. From my great-grandfather, not to have frequented public schools, and to have had good teachers at home, and to know that on such things a man should spend liberally.

24. MSN Encarta - Marcus Aurelius Short biography at Encarta Online. http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761576162

25. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Quotes - The Quotations Page Quotations by Author. marcus aurelius Antoninus (121 AD 180 AD) Roman Emperor, AD 161-180 more author details. marcus aurelius Antoninus. http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Marcus_Aurelius_Antoninus/

Home / News Quotes of the Day Motivational Author Index ... Contact Us Also visit: The Literature Page Quotations by Author Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (121 AD - 180 AD) Roman Emperor, A.D. 161-180 [more author details] Showing quotations 1 to 10 of 18 total If you are distressed by anything external, the pain is not due to the thing itself, but to your estimate of it; and this you have the power to revoke at any moment. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus It is the act of a madman to pursue impossibilities. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Look well into thyself; there is a source of strength which will always spring up if thou wilt always look there. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Remember this-that there is a proper dignity and proportion to be observed in the performance of every act of life. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus - More quotations on: Dignity The happiness of your life depends upon the quality of your thoughts, therefore guard accordingly; and take care that you entertain no notions unsuitable to virtue, and reasonable nature. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus By a tranquil mind I mean nothing else than a mind well ordered.

26. Coins Of Probus The coinage of marcus aurelius Probus, Roman Emperor, 276282 C.E. http://axesofevils.com/probvs

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27. Marcus Aurelius - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia marcus aurelius. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. marcus aurelius. Imperator Caesar marcus aurelius Antoninus Augustus (April http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Page history ... Printable version Not logged in Log in Help Other languages: Deutsch Esperanto Hrvatski Nederlands ... Italiano Marcus Aurelius From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus April 26 March 17 ) (born Marcus Annius Catilius Severus at marriage taking the name Marcus Annius Verus ) was given the name Marcus Aurelius Antoninus upon being named heir to the office of Roman Emperor , which he held from to his death in 180. The name Aurelius means "the golden." His uncle Antoninus Pius adopted him as a son and designated him his successor on February 25 , when Marcus was only seventeen years of age. Antoninus also named Lucius Verus as his successor. When Antoninus died, Marcus accepted the throne on the condition that he and Verus were made joint emperors ( Augusti ), with Verus partly subordinate. The reasons for this are unclear. The joint succession may have been motivated by military exigency. During his reign Marcus Aurelius was almost constantly at war with various peoples outside the Empire. Germanic and other peoples launched many raids along the long European border, particularly into

28. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Maxentius (Catholic Encyclopedia) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10073b.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... M > Marcus Aurelius Maxentius A B C D ... Z Marcus Aurelius Maxentius Roman Emperor 306-12, son of the Emperor Maximianus Herculius and son-in-law of the chief Emperor Galerius. After his father's abdication he lived in Rome as a private citizen; but when Galerius established in Rome and Italy the new poll and land taxes decreed by Diocletian he was elected (28 October, 306) rival emperor. Maxentius owed his elevation not to personal merit but to the senators and pretorians who, because of the unusual measures of the emperor, feared lest they should lose their privileged position. Maxentius's adherents then summoned his father from Campania to Rome; and the young ruler invested him with the purple as co-regent. Thus the Roman empire had six rulers. Severus, the Augustus of the West, received a commission from Galerius to expel the youthful usurper from Rome; but when he reached the capital, part of his army deserted to their old commander, Maximian. Severus with a few followers escaped to Ravenna so as to maintain military relations with Galerius. He then made terms with Maximian and surrendered to him, expecting honourable treatment, but he was imprisoned soon afterwards and, Galerius approaching from Illyria with an army, he was forced to commit suicide Diocletian had great influence. Maxentius retained his imperial dignity. Though it is true that soon after this he put an end to the persecution of the

29. The Throne Of The Caesars: Marcus Aurelius Contents Previous Article Next Article marcus aurelius. Emperor AD 161 180. The study of philosophy and other scholarly pursuits http://myron.sjsu.edu/romeweb/empcont/e081.htm

Contents Previous Article Next Article Marcus Aurelius Emperor A.D 161 - 180 Go to next article on Emperor Lucius Verus Go back to previous article on Emperor Antoninus Pius Return to Roman Emperors Table of Contents Return to History and Technology Back Pages - The home page for this entire site. Navigation and Help Roman Emperors Roman Women Interesting Events ... Glossary

30. Roman Writers, Writing And Historians: The Meditations Of Marcus Aurelius The Meditations of marcus aurelius. c. AD 161 180. marcus aurelius was not only well known as a Roman Emperor, but a Stoic Philosopher also. http://myron.sjsu.edu/romeweb/WRITERS/art15.htm

Contents Previous Article Next Article The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius c. A.D. 161 - 180 Marcus Aurelius was not only well known as a Roman Emperor , but a Stoic Philosopher also. He was an educated man who found himself in a world at war. He believed in doing his duty and defending the empire against German invasion, but he would really have wanted to be able to sevote his life to study. The Meditations were written in the cramped quarters of a Roman army camp. Go to next article: Go back to previous article: Return to Roman Writers, Writing, and Historians Table of Contents Return to History and Technology Back Pages - The home page for this entire site. Navigation and Help Roman Emperors Roman Women Interesting Events ... Glossary

31. Marcus Aurelius. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. marcus aurelius. The virtuous character of marcus aurelius is revealed in his letters to his tutor Fronto. 1. http://www.bartleby.com/65/ma/MarcusAu.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia See also: Aurelius Antoninus Collection Aurelius Antoninus Quotations PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Marcus Aurelius s) ( KEY Antoninus Pius Commodus . Devoted to his duty and humanitarian in his conception of it, Marcus Aurelius was concerned with improving living conditions for the poor, particularly minors. He was always lenient with political criminals and tried to decrease the brutality at gladiatorial shows. He did, however, persecute the Christians, whom he regarded as natural enemies of the empire. His

32. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. 1909-14. The Meditations Of Marcus Aurelius. The Harv marcus aurelius Antoninus. 190914. The Meditations of marcus aurelius. The Harvard Classics. http://www.bartleby.com/2/3/

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Nonfiction Harvard Classics Marcus Aurelius For we are made for co-operation, like feet, like hands, like eyelids, like the rows of the upper and lower teeth. To act against one another then is contrary to nature. II Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Harvard Classics, Vol. 2, Part 3

33. Marcus Aurelius marcus aurelius - in full Caesar marcus aurelius Antoninus Augustus, original name (until Ad 161) Marcus Annius Verus b. April 26, AD 121, Rome d. March 17 http://www.crystalinks.com/marcusaurelius.html

34. Marcus Aurelius [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] marcus aurelius (121180 CE). The philosophy of the Roman Emperor marcus aurelius can be found in a collection of personal writings known as the Meditations. http://www.iep.utm.edu/m/marcus.htm

Marcus Aurelius (121-180 CE) The philosophy of the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius can be found in a collection of personal writings known as the Meditations . These reflect the influence of Stoicism and, in particular, the philosophy of the Stoic Epictetus. The Meditations may be read as a series of practical philosophical exercises, following Epictetus’ three topics of study, designed to digest and put into practice philosophical theory. Central to these exercises is a concern with the analysis of one’s judgements and a desire to cultivate a ‘cosmic perspective’. Table of Contents (Clicking on the links below will take you to that part of this article) Life The Meditations Philosophy ... Further Reading Life Marcus Aurelius was born in AD 121. His early education was overseen by the Emperor Hadrian, and he was later adopted by the Emperor Antoninus Pius in AD 138. After an initial education in rhetoric undertaken by Fronto, Marcus later abandoned it in favor of philosophy. Marcus became Emperor himself in AD 161, initially alongside Lucius Verus, becoming sole Emperor in AD 169. Continual attacks meant that much of his reign was spent on campaign, especially in central Europe. However, he did find time to establish four Chairs of Philosophy in Athens, one for each of the principal philosophical traditions (Platonic, Aristotelian, Stoic, and Epicurean). He died in AD 180.

35. Marcus Aurelius marcus aurelius on Early Christian Writings the New Testament, Apocrypha, Gnostics, and Church Fathers information and translations of Gospels, Epistles, and http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/aurelius.html

Marcus Aurelius Online Text for Marcus Aurelius MIT Classics: The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Project Gutenberg: The Meditations Online Resources for Marcus Aurelius Catholic Encyclopedia: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Eutropius: The Reign of Marcus Aurelius Book Review of The Inner Citadel: The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Offline Resources for Marcus Aurelius C. R. Haines, Marcus Aurelius (Loeb Classical Library Information on Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius writes ( Meditations What a soul that is which is ready, if at any moment it must be separated from the body, and ready either to be extinguished or dispersed or continue to exist; but so that this readiness comes from a man's own judgement, not from mere obstinacy, as with the Christians, but considerately and with dignity and in a way to persuade another, without tragic show. Marcus Aurelius was both a Stoic philosopher and an emperor. Go to the Early Christian Writings: New Testament, Apocrypha, Gnostics, Church Fathers homepage. Please support this web site by buying the CD with over 250 MB of information and texts!

36. - Great Books - marcus aurelius (121180), Roman Assessment General assessment. marcus aurelius was one of the best men of heathen Antiquity. Apropos http://www.malaspina.com/site/person_143.asp

Marcus Aurelius Roman Emperor, A.D. 161-180, born at Rome, 26 April, 121; died 17 March, 180. His father died while Marcus was yet a boy, and he was adopted by his grandfather, Annius Verus. In the first pages of his "Meditations" (I, i-xvii) he has left us an account, unique in Antiquity , of his education by near relatives and by tutors of distinction; diligence, gratitude and hardiness seem to have been its chief characteristics. From his earliest years he enjoyed the friendship and patronage on the Emperor Hadrian, who bestowed on him the honour of the equestrian order when he was only six years old, made him a member of the Salian priesthood at eight, and compelled Antoninus Pius immediately after his own adoption to adopt as sons and heirs both the young Marcus and Ceionius Commodus, known later as the Emperor Lucius Verus. In honour of his adopted father he changed his name from M. Julius Aurelius Verus to M. Aurelius Antoninus. By the will of Hadrian he espoused Faustina, the daughter of Antoninus Pius. He was raised to the consularship in 140, and in 147 received the "tribunician power". His Reign (161-180) His co-reign with Lucius Verus (161-169) . In all the later years of the life of Antoninus Pius, Marcus was his constant companion and adviser. On the death of the former (7 March, 161) Marcus was immediately acknowledged as emperor by the Senate. Acting entirely on his own initiative he at once promoted his adopted brother Lucius Verus to the position of colleague, with equal rights as emperor.

37. Marcus Aurelius marcus aurelius. marcus aurelius Antoninus was born Marcus Annius Verus in CE 121 on the 26th April while Hadrian was emperor. His http://www.murphsplace.com/gladiator/marcus.html

Gladiators Roman Life Marcus Aurelius Commodus ... Londinium - NEW The Legionary Main Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was born Marcus Annius Verus in C.E. 121 on the 26th April while Hadrian was emperor. His parents died when he was young and young Marcus was adopted by his grandfather. His grandfather saw to it that Marcus Aurelius got an excellent education. At the age of seventeen, Marcus Annius was adopted by his uncle, the new emperor, Aurelius Antoninus Pius, who had been adopted by the emperor Hadrian on the condition that he [Pius] adopt Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus. Marcus and Aurelius Antoninus' daughter Faustina were married and would go on to have five children. However, only the tyrannical Commodus, who would succeed Marcus Aurelius survived past childhood. In C.E. 161, Antoninus died and Marcus Aurelius became Emperor. He made Lucius Verus joint emperor and for the first time two emperors ruled Rome concurrently. Their rule was affected by the wars and plagues that affected the Empire. From 162 to 165, they fought the Pathians under Vologeses III and it was while returning from this engagement that the legions brought a plague back to Rome. From 167-168, Rome was at war with the Marcomanni and upon Verus' death in 169, which left Aurelius sole ruler, the hostilities resumed. It was while fighting this war that he, stationed on the Danube with his troops and living a meloncholy existence, wrote his famous book The Meditations.This book embodies the ideals of the Stoic philosophy.

38. Marc Aurel - Links Translate this page marcus aurelius. Eine Seite zu Kaiser Marc Aurel und seiner Zeit mit Links und einer Bibliographie. Bibliographie zu marcus aurelius Biographien http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~antike/fmi/antike/Aurelius.html

Marcus Aurelius Eine Seite zu Kaiser Marc Aurel und seiner Zeit mit Links und einer Bibliographie Links zu Marc Aurel und seiner Zeit Quellentexte: Marc Aurels Selbstbetrachtungen: Marc Aurel, Meditations Marc Aurel, Meditations Quellen: Aurelius Victor, Liber de Caesaribus Cassius Dio, Roman History ... Buch 71 und Buch 72 Eutropius, Breviarium VIII 9-14 ... Historia Augusta, vita Commodi Schriftsteller aus der Zeit der Antonine: Apuleius Epiktet, Reden und das Enchiridion englisch Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae Lukian deutsch in Auswahl Biographische Darstellungen zu Marc Aurel: Marcus Aurelius De Imperatoribus Romanis. hervorragende Darstellung mit Literatur Marcus Aurelius (Encyclopaedia Britannica) Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (Catholic Encyclopedia) Marcus Aurelius Marc Aurel (Maxim Loick) Mark Aurel mit Literatur Marc Aurel. Kaiser und Philosoph (Inga Hafemann) Marcus Aurelius (Thinkquest) Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (Ecole Initiative) Kurzinformation, Links Hadrian De Imperatoribus Romanis hervorragende Darstellung Antoninus Pius De Imperatoribus Romanis hervorragende Darstellung Antoninus Pius Lucius Verus De Imperatoribus Romanis Lucius Verus Commodus De Imperatoribus Romanis Commodus Biographische Darstellungen und Linkseiten zu wichtigen Zeitgenossen: Apuleius Web page Fronto (Encyclopaedia Britannica) Galen (Encyclopaedia Britannica) Herodes Atticus (Encyclopaedia Britannica); seine

39. Marcus Aurelius STOIC PHILOSOPHY. The Meditations of marcus aurelius. marcus aurelius Antoninus Pius. marcus aurelius dominated the reign and became sole ruler. http://www.geocities.com/westhollywood/heights/4617/stoic/marcus.html

STOIC PHILOSOPHY The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Pius Born Marcus Annius Verus in 121 CE (874 AUC) in Rome. He was adopted by his aunt, Faustina, the wife of Antoninus Pius who later became emperor and changed his name to Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Pius. In 161 CE (914 AUC), he and his adoptive brother, Lucius Verus, assumed imperium. Marcus Aurelius dominated the reign and became sole ruler. His reign was spent defending the empire against Parthians, Germans, and Britons. He won a victory over the Marcomanni, which was commemorated by the Antonine column (Piazza Colonna, Rome), erected by his son and successor, Commodus. Devoted to his duty and humanitarian in his conception of it, Marcus Aurelius was concerned with improving living conditions for the poor, particularly minors. He was always lenient with political criminals and tried to decrease the brutality at gladiatorial shows. Marcus Aurelius was a devout Stoic. He wrote a diary to himself which we today call "The Meditations". "The meditations" contains Marcus Aurelius'personal rules for living. They are one of the most readable classics of Stoic literature. Meditations Chapter One.

40. Www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/6681/aureliub.htm More results from www.geocities.com biography of marcus aurelius Roman EmperorHere is a biography on the life of marcus aurelius. It was created using the educational biographical framework. marcus aurelius - Roman Emperor. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/6681/aureliub.htm

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