21. Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Baron Von. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. leibniz, gottfried wilhelm, Baron von occupied with practical political concerns, leibniz never accepted an academic position http://www.bartleby.com/65/le/Leibniz.html

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22. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz -- Metaphysics [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] Summary of leibniz's main ideas, including The Idea of Truth or Problems of Freedom, Sin and Evil . http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/l/leib-met.htm

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) Metaphysics Table of Contents (Clicking on the links below will take you to that part of this article) Life The Idea of Truth Sufficient Reason Substance, Briefly ... Editions of Leibniz Life Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was born in Leipzig, Germany, on July 1, 1646. He was the son of a professor moral philosophy, and after university study in Leipzig and elsewhere, it would have been natural for him to go into academia. Instead, he began a life of professional service to noblemen, primarily the dukes of Hanover (Georg Ludwig became George I of England in 1714, two years before Leibniz's death). His professional duties were various, such as official historian and legal advisor. Above all, he was required to (or allowed to) travel widely, meeting many of the foremost intellectuals in Europe - of particularly formative importance were the astronomer, mathematician and physicist Huygens, and the philosopher Spinoza. Leibniz was one of the great polymaths of the modern world. Moreover, a list of his significant contributions is almost as long as the list of his activities. As an engineer he worked on calculating machines, clocks and even mining machinery. As a librarian he more or less invented the modern idea of cataloguing. As a mathematician he not only produced ground-breaking work in what is now called topology, but came up with the calculus independently of (though a few years later) than Newton, and his notation has become the standard. In logic, he worked on binary systems among numerous other areas. As a physicist he made advances in mechanics, specifically the theory of momentum. He also made contributions to linguistics, history, aesthetics and political theory.

23. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Eine Kurzbiographie des deutschen Mathematikers. http://www.leibniz-igb.de/leibniz.htm

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (Kurzbiographie) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz wurde am 1. Juli (bzw. am 21. Juni alter Zeitrechnung) 1646 in Leipzig als Sohn eines Juraprofessors und einer Professorentochter geboren. Seine Eltern starben sehr früh, 1652 der Vater, 1664 die Mutter. In der Bibliothek seiner Eltern fand Leibniz genügend Stoff für seinen Wissenshunger, und schon als Achtjähriger brachte er sich ohne fremde Anleitung, nur mit Hilfe von illustrierten Büchern, die lateinische Sprache bei, die er wenige Jahre später, ebenso wie die griechische, hervorragend beherrschte. Mit 15 Jahren besuchte Leibniz die Universität seiner Heimatstadt, veröffentlichte mit 16 seine erste philosophische Schrift, legte mit 17 die erste philosophische Prüfung ab und wurde mit 18 Magister. Neben seinem Studium der Philosophie und Rechtswissenschaft in Leipzig (zwischendurch auch in Jena und in Altdorf bei Nürnberg) beschäftigte sich Leibniz intensiv mit Mathematik, Logik und Physik (z.B. Diskussion mit Otto v. Guericke), aber auch zeitlebens mit der Alchemie. In Leipzig wegen seines geringen Alters (er war kaum 20 Jahre alt) nicht zum Doktorat zugelassen, promovierte Leibniz 1666 in Altdorf zum Doktor beider Rechte, verzichtete aber danach auf eine akademische Karriere, da ihm die Entfaltung und praktische Anwendung seiner Fähigkeiten in den verkrusteten Strukturen einer Universität kaum möglich schienen. In Nürnberg machte Leibniz 1667 die Bekanntschaft mit dem ehemals kurmainzischen Minister Johann Christian Freiherr v. Boineburg, der ihm eine Anstellung als Hofrat, d.h. als diplomatischer Berater bei dem Mainzer Kurfürsten Johann Philipp von Schönborn vermittelte. In ursprünglich politischer Mission 1672 nach Paris gesandt (er sollte versuchen, Ludwig XIV. zum Angriff auf Ägypten zu bewegen, um Frankreichs Machtinteressen von Deutschland abzulenken), nutzte Leibniz seinen vierjährigen Aufenthalt in der europäischen Metropole, in der er mit führenden Gelehrten seiner Zeit zusammentraf, um sich vor allem auf mathematischem Gebiet weiterzubilden. Sein Lehrer und besonderer Förderer war der in Paris lebende holländische Physiker, Astronom und Mathematiker Christiaan Huygens.

24. ABU - AUTEUR Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz Textes de gottfried wilhelm Freiherr von leibniz (16461716) disponibles sur le serveur ABU. http://abu.cnam.fr/BIB/auteurs/leibnitzg.html

TEXTES AUTEURS SOMMAIRE Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz Liste des textes actuellement disponibles sur le serveur Drôle de Pensée, touchant une nouvelle sorte de représentations (1675) Lettres et textes divers La monadologie Essai de théodicée - Préface et abrégé Recherche d'occurrences Vous pouvez rechercher un mot dans le corpus de l'auteur. Rechercher tous les mots un de ces mots la phrase exacte réponses

25. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz --  Encyclopædia Britannica gottfried wilhelm leibniz. born July 1 June 21, old style, 1646, Leipzig MLA style " gottfried wilhelm leibniz." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004 http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=48789

26. Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm Glossary of Religion and Philosophy Short Biography of gottfried wilhelm leibniz Name gottfried wilhelm leibniz. Dates Born June 21, 1646 in Leipzig, Germany Biography gottfried wilhelm http://atheism.about.com/library/glossary/general/bldef_leibnizgottfried.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Agnosticism / Atheism Home Essentials ... Evolution vs. Creationism zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Does God Exist? Ethics and Morality Islam and Muslims Religious Right ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Agnosticism / Atheism newsletter. Search Agnosticism / Atheism Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Back to Last Page Glossary Index Related Terms God theodicy Name: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Dates: Born: June 21, 1646 in Leipzig, Germany Died: November 14, 1716 in Hannover Biography: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a German philosopher and jurist who became known for his theodicy, arguing that this world is the best of all possible worlds which God could have created. This resulted in a number of parodies by skeptical philosophers, the most famous of which was contained in the book Candide by Voltaire Leibniz operated from the premise that philosophy and theology were incapable of contradiction. Nevertheless, the existence of evil seemed incompatible with the existence of an omnipotent and omnibenevolent God. Therefore, he concluded, the existence of some evil was necessary in any world where there also existed imperfect creatures. He also argued that reality is composed of an infinite number of "monads," immaterial and indivisible substances of which no two are exactly alike. He thought that they were conscious sources of spiritual energy which, to varying degrees, mirror the universe. However, although all monads may be conscious, only some monads are self-conscious.

27. The Galileo Project Detailed biographical data. http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/Catalog/Files/leibniz.html

The Galileo Project Catalog of the Scientific Community Catalog of the Scientific Community in the 16th and 17th Centuries This catalog is a collection of 631 detailed biographies on members of the scientific community during the 16th and 17th centuries with vital facts about each individual and their contributions to science. The information here was compiled by the late Richard S. Westfall , Professor in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at Indiana University. While the scope of Dr. Westfall's research is immense, the information is concise and very well organized. All individuals in the catalog are systematically described by ten categories using twenty searchable fields. Short Form Search 9 of the 20 fields in the database. Long Form Search all 20 fields in the database. ©1995 Al Van Helden Last updated Home Galileo Biography Chronology ... Search See the for more information.

28. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz (1646 - 1716) gottfried wilhelm Leibnitz (or leibniz) was born at Leipzig on June 21 (OS), 1646, and died in Hanover on November 14, 1716. His http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Leibniz/RouseBall/RB_Leibnitz.html

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz (1646 - 1716) From `A Short Account of the History of Mathematics' (4th edition, 1908) by W. W. Rouse Ball. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz (or Leibniz At Paris he met Huygens who was then residing there, and their conversation led Leibnitz to study geometry, which he described as opening a new world to him; though as a matter of fact he had previously written some tracts on various minor points in mathematics, the most important being a paper on combinations written in 1668, and a description of a new calculating machine. In January, 1673, he was sent on a political mission to London, where he stopped some months and made the acquaintance of Oldenburg, Collins, and others; it was at this time that he communicated the memoir to the Royal Society in which he was found to have been forestalled by Mouton. In 1673 the Elector of Mainz died, and in the following year Leibnitz entered the service of the Brunswick family; in 1676 he again visited London, and then moved to Hanover, where, till his death, he occupied the well-paid post of librarian in the ducal library. His pen was thenceforth employed in all the political matters which affected the Hanoverian family, and his services were recognized by honours and distinctions of various kinds, his memoranda on the various political, historical, and theological questions which concerned the dynasty during the forty years from 1673 to 1713 form a valuable contribution to the history of that time. Leibnitz's appointment in the Hanoverian service gave him more time for his favourite pursuits. He used to assert that as the first-fruit of his increased leisure, he invented the differential and integral calculus in 1674, but the earliest traces of the use of it in his extant note-books do not occur till 1675, and it was not till 1677 that we find it developed into a consistent system; it was not published till 1684. Most of his mathematical papers were produced within the ten years from 1682 to 1692, and many of them in a journal, called the

29. Leibniz, Gottfried (1646-1716) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biog From Eric Weisstein's World of Scientific Biography. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Leibniz.html

Branch of Science Mathematicians Branch of Science Philosophers ... German Leibniz, Gottfried (1646-1716) German philosopher, physicist, and mathematician whose mechanical studies included forces and weights. He believed in a deterministic universe which followed a "pre-established harmony." He extended the work of his mentor Huygens from kinematics to include dynamics He was self-taught in mathematics, but nonetheless developed calculus independently of Newton . Although he published his results slightly after Newton , his notation was by far superior (including the integral sign and derivative notation), and is still in use today. It is unfortunate that continental and English mathematicians remained embroiled for decades in a heated and pointless priority dispute over the discovery of calculus Leibniz made many contributions to the study of differential equations discovering the method of separation of variables reduction of homogeneous equations to separable ones, and the procedure for solving first order linear equations. He used the idea of the determinant 50 years before Cramer , and did work on the multinomial theorem Leibniz combined the Scala Naturae with his plenum (continuous) view of nature, and called the result the Law of Continuity. He believed that it was not possible to put organisms into discrete categories, stating "Natura non facit saltus" (Nature does nothing in leaps).

30. Gottfried Willhelm Leibniz - German Philosopher - Bibliography Resources on the famous German Philosopher and Mathematician gottfried wilhelm leibniz having invented the differential and integral calculus. http://www.egs.edu/resources/gottfriedleibniz.html

var baseDir = '../'; EGS Home MA in Communication PhD in Communication Admin ... EGS Online Gottfried Willhelm Leibniz Biography Links Books Top Principal Works: De Arte Combinatoria ('On the Art of Combination'), 1666 Hypothesis Physica Nova ('New Physical Hypothesis'), 1671 unpublished manuscripts on the calculus of concepts, c. 1690 Nouveaux Essais sur L'entendement humaine ('New Essays on Human Understanding'), 1705 Monadologia ('The Monadology'), 1714 Remark: The information presented on this website does not represent an offer to buy or sell anything, it is intended for educational purposes only. The European Graduate School is evaluating an Associate status with Amazon.com. Although it is advisable to use the aforementioned material for reading assigments and class studies, there are other publishers, editions and sources that might serve the same purpose. Privacy Statement: The European Graduate School will not sell, lease or distribute any information, user names, addresses or any other information deemed private. The European Graduate School believes in users personal privacy and will not violate that trust. document.write(footer)

31. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz -- Metaphysics [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] gottfried wilhelm leibniz (16461716) Metaphysics. Life. gottfried wilhelm leibniz was born in Leipzig, Germany, on July 1, 1646. http://www.iep.utm.edu/l/leib-met.htm

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) Metaphysics Table of Contents (Clicking on the links below will take you to that part of this article) Life The Idea of Truth Sufficient Reason Substance, Briefly ... Editions of Leibniz Life Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was born in Leipzig, Germany, on July 1, 1646. He was the son of a professor moral philosophy, and after university study in Leipzig and elsewhere, it would have been natural for him to go into academia. Instead, he began a life of professional service to noblemen, primarily the dukes of Hanover (Georg Ludwig became George I of England in 1714, two years before Leibniz's death). His professional duties were various, such as official historian and legal advisor. Above all, he was required to (or allowed to) travel widely, meeting many of the foremost intellectuals in Europe - of particularly formative importance were the astronomer, mathematician and physicist Huygens, and the philosopher Spinoza. Leibniz was one of the great polymaths of the modern world. Moreover, a list of his significant contributions is almost as long as the list of his activities. As an engineer he worked on calculating machines, clocks and even mining machinery. As a librarian he more or less invented the modern idea of cataloguing. As a mathematician he not only produced ground-breaking work in what is now called topology, but came up with the calculus independently of (though a few years later) than Newton, and his notation has become the standard. In logic, he worked on binary systems among numerous other areas. As a physicist he made advances in mechanics, specifically the theory of momentum. He also made contributions to linguistics, history, aesthetics and political theory.

32. Leibniz Biography of gottfried leibniz (16461716) gottfried wilhelm von leibniz. Born 1 July 1646 in Leipzig, Saxony (now Germany) gottfried leibniz was the son of Friedrich leibniz, a professor of http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Leibniz.html

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz Born: 1 July 1646 in Leipzig, Saxony (now Germany) Died: 14 Nov 1716 in Hannover, Hanover (now Germany) Click the picture above to see eight larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Gottfried Leibniz was the son of Friedrich Leibniz, a professor of moral philosophy at Leipzig. Friedrich Leibniz [3]:- ...was evidently a competent though not original scholar, who devoted his time to his offices and to his family as a pious, Christian father. Leibniz's mother was Catharina Schmuck, the daughter of a lawyer and Friedrich Leibniz's third wife. However, Friedrich Leibniz died when Leibniz was only six years old and he was brought up by his mother. Certainly Leibniz learnt his moral and religious values from her which would play an important role in his life and philosophy. At the age of seven, Leibniz entered the Nicolai School in Leipzig. Although he was taught Latin at school, Leibniz had taught himself far more advanced Latin and some Greek by the age of 12. He seems to have been motivated by wanting to read his father's books. As he progressed through school he was taught Aristotle 's logic and theory of categorising knowledge. Leibniz was clearly not satisfied with

33. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Biograf­a. http://usuarios.lycos.es/hv1102/leibniz.html

GOTTFRIED WILHELM LEIBNIZ VOLVER

34. Leibniz Gemeinschaft ZusammenschluŸ von Instituten in Deutschland. http://www.wgl.de/

Willkommen Aktuell Parlamentarischer Abend der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft am 15.6.2004 in Berlin „Leinen los!“ für MS Technik Aktuelles aus der Leibniz-Welt der Wissenschaft Leibniz-Beratungsstelle für Unternehmensgründer ... Impressum

35. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Der Betriebs- Und Personalräte Der Außeruniversitär Informationen zur Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Betriebs und Personalr¤te der auŸeruniversit¤ren Forschungseinrichtungen der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (FhG), Forschungsgesellschaft f¼r Angewandte Naturwissenschaften (FGAN) und der Wissenschaftsgemeinschaft gottfried wilhelm leibniz, WGL (Blaue Liste). http://www.agbr.de/

36. DIfE - Deutsches Institut Für Ernährungsforschung Das Institut der Wissenschaftsgemeinschaft gottfried wilhelm leibniz stellt sich, Mitarbeiter und ausgew¤hlte Projekte vor, die Ortslage wird beschrieben, auf Veranstaltungstermine sowie Publikationen wird hingewiesen. http://www.dife.de/

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37. The Moment Before Discovery: Werner Künzel Synopsis of an address by Werner K¼nzel, in which he discusses Lullus's logic machine, its use and abuse by Athanasius Kircher, and its influence on gottfried wilhelm leibniz. http://www.c3.hu/scca/butterfly/Kunzel/synopsis.html

Werner Künzel The Birth of the MACHINE: Raymundus Lullus and His Invention 1. A Strange Invention When, in about 1275, Raymundus Lullus invented his logical machine, the Mediterranean Sea was a kind of interface for three expanded cultural streams. Spain in general, and specifically the island of Mallorca, was at that time, one could say, a melting pot for the three religions which have determined the history of the world until the present. There was an encounter of the Christian religion with the culture of the Muslims, as well as a very important trace of the Jewish tradition. Raymundus Lullus began his work just a short time after the successful "reconquista" of Spain, which would not conclude until 1492. It is therefore necessary to regard his invention as embedded within a special situation, i.e., embedded in a deep crisis of communication. With the "Ars combinatoria" of Raymundus Lullus, a real revolution of formalistic thinking was born, as this was the first known text-machine which was able to produce true (and, needless to say, false) declarations in a strange mechanical manner. At its apex, the discussion focused on Aristotle and his works included all the problems and conflicts of the Catholic Church with the Muslim tradition of the Greek philosopher (the German philosopher Ernst Bloch has written a beautiful essay on the subject, called "Avicenna, or the Aristotelian left wing"). With that dramatic culmination of scholastic reflection on questions of logic, Raymundus Lullus alone set out on a completely new path. He singularly founded the concept of a new method, a new organisation of thinking; one might say, a new hardware and a new software! It may be that there were indeed some traces of Cabbalistic, or even Arabic thinking; we may consider the phrase "ex oriente lux."

38. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz --  Britannica Student Encyclopedia leibniz, gottfried wilhelm Britannica Student Encyclopedia. school students. , leibniz, gottfried wilhelm (1646–1716). Although http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article?eu=297395&query=topology&ct=ebi

39. Leibniz-Forschungsstelle Die leibnizForschungstelle an der Westf¤lischen wilhelms-Universit¤t M¼nster ist befaŸt mit der Erforschung des Nachlasses des Philosophen gottfried wilhelm leibniz (1646-1716). http://www.uni-muenster.de/Leibniz/

40. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz gottfried wilhelm leibniz was born in Leipzig as the son of a professor of moral philosophy. He received his masters degree from http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/leibnitz.htm

Choose another writer in this calendar: by name: A B C D ... Z by birthday from the calendar Credits and feedback Baron Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646-1716) - surname in some sources: Leibnitz German philosopher, mathematician, historian and jurist, contemporary of Newton (1642-1727), who left behind no philosophical magnum opus, but who is still considered to be among the giant thinkers of the 17th-century. Leibniz believed in "pre-established harmony" between matter and maid, and developed a philosophy of Rationalism by which he attempted to reconcile the existence of matter with the existence of God. Bertrand Russel wrote that Leibniz's intellect "was highly abstract and logical; his greatest claim to fame is as an inventor of the infinitesimal calculus." (from The Monadology Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was born in Leipzig as the son of a professor of moral philosophy. He received his masters degree from the University of Leipzig at the age of 18 and his doctorate in law at Altdorf in 1667. Leibniz preferred a courtly to and academich career and in 1669 he entered into the service of the elector of Mainz. Some years later he traveled to Paris to try to persuade Louis XIV to expel the Turks from Egypt in order to distract his attention from marching on Holland. The ploy did not work. In 1675 Leibniz made his most important scientific discovery, the differential and integral calculus which became the basis for modern mathematic. The discovery resulted in a controversy with Isaac Newton over whether he or Newton was the inventor. Nowadays it is generally agreed that they both discovered the basic foundations the calculus independently, Newton first but Leibniz's publication prededed that of Newton. Leibniz's system of notation is superior to that of Newton, and is still in use today. Newton's absolute space also was something Leibniz could not accept: "I hold space to be something merely relative, as time is; . . . For space denotes, in terms of possibility, an order to things which exist at the same time, considered as existing together."

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