81. Abd Ar-Rahman Ibn Muhammad Ibn Khaldun Abd arRahman ibn Muhammad ibn khaldun (1332 - 1406). All about Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn khaldun http://www.fnf.org.za/Liberal_Thinkers/khaldun.htm

Abd ar-Rahman Ibn Muhammad Ibn Khaldun (1332 - 1406) All about Abd ar-Rahman Ibn Muhammad Ibn Khaldun Ibn Khaldun web directory Ibn Khaldun: His Life and Work Ibn Khaldun: Father of Economics Series Archive: Great Liberal Thinkers "Among the most oppressive measures, and the ones most deeply harming society, is the compelling of subjects to perform forced work unjustly. For labour is a commodity, as we shall show later, in as much as incomes and profits represent value of labour of their recipients [...] nay most men have no source of income other than their labour. If, therefore, they should be forced to do work other than that for which they have been trained, or made to do forced work in their own occupation, they would lose the fruit of their labour and be deprived of the greater part, nay of the whole, of their income." Ibn Khaldun, who received a broad education in Arabic, interpretation of the Koran, jurisprudence and poetry, served a number of Arab rulers in Tunis, Fez, Granada, Damascus and Cairo as courtier, jurist and statesman. As a political adviser with an exceptionally broad overview of different Muslim countries he developed outstanding skills in observing and analyzing the economic, political and social developments of his time. His work has been rediscovered at the beginning of the 19th century by Arab and European scholars. Where many Arabs saw in him a source of inspiration for a new definition of their identity and their relations with the West

82. Human Rights Watch: Ibn Khaldun Center Sentenced Egypt ibn khaldun Verdict Meant to Silence Criticism. UPDATE Politically Motivated Verdict Overturned in Egypt. (December 3, 2002 http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/egypt/

Home News Releases About HRW Contribute ... Contact Us Egypt: Ibn Khaldun Verdict Meant to Silence Criticism UPDATE "Politically Motivated" Verdict Overturned in Egypt (December 3, 2002) Human Rights Watch welcomed today's Court of Cassation decision to quash the guilty verdict handed down last July against university professor and democracy activist Saadeddin Ibrahim and 27 co-defendants. Human Rights Watch called on the Egyptian government to permit Ibrahim to travel abroad for medical treatment and to rescind the closure orders that have shut down the Ibn Khaldun Center and the Hoda Association since June 2000. More... (New York, July 31, 2002) The seven-year prison sentence handed down July 29 to human rights defender Dr. Saadeddin Ibrahim is intended to silence real or potential criticism of the Egyptian government, Human Rights Watch said today. The sentence followed the retrial of Ibrahim and twenty-seven others before the Supreme State Security Court. Ibrahim, director of the Ibn Khaldun Center for Development Studies in Cairo, was once again found guilty, including on the count of accepting foreign funds without authorization. Nadia 'Abd al-Nour, the Ibn Khaldun Center's chief accountant, who was originally sentenced to two years of imprisonment on a fraud charge, was handed down the same sentence today. Human Rights Watch called for their immediate and unconditional release, and for Ibrahim to be allowed to travel abroad for urgent medical treatment.

83. [Islam-Online- Sociologic] category of formalism in the dynamics of culture, we will now quickly negate the approaches of the science of culture according to ibn khaldun (umran) and http://www.islam-online.net/IOL-English/qadaya/sociology-2/sociology2a.asp

Home About Us Media Kit Contact Us ... Your Mail Search Advanced Search News People Against Prisoner Abuse ... Muslim Heritage Discover Islam Introducing Islam Ask about Islam Contemporary Issues My Journey to Islam ... Qur'an Fatwa Fatwa Bank Ask the Scholar Live Fatwa Counseling Cyber Counselor Directories Site Directory Islamic Society Islamic Banks TV Channels ... Telephone Code Services Prayer Times Matrimonial Date Converter Calendar ... E-Cards Newsletter Enter your E-mail A Social Well-Being Function: A social well-being function is an objective criterion of the socio-scientific order existing, first, as a result of the underlying set of cause-effect interrelationships between a science of culture and the social-political-institutional order. Here we have the causality arising from interrelationships pertaining to the social well-being goal. Second, the attained levels of the social well-being function in turn regenerates a new set of socioscientific interrelationships. This assumes the nature of "effects" in the total set of cause-effect interrelationships. Because of continuous evolution between these two sides in a simulative scale, we refer to the generic interrelationships as cause-effect. Socioscientific Order: Finally, the reader will note my use of the term socioscientific order that transcends the limited domain of the social-political-institutional order underlying cultural dynamics. The meaning here, once again arising from the underlying set of cause-effect interrelationships, is taken up at the level of invoking a definite epistemology that becomes pervasive in the entire system of interrelationships. Such a universal explanatory power thus does not differentiate between systems. It remains uniquely analytical in all of them.

84. Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) ibn khaldun (1332–1406). ibn khaldun, considered the greatest Arab historian, is also known as the father of modern social science and cultural history. http://www.acton.org/publicat/randl/liberal.php?id=197

85. Ibn Khaldun - InformationBlast ibn khaldun Information Blast. ibn khaldun. Abu Zayd Abd leader. Works The Muqadimmah. Some Quotes from Works by ibn khaldun. In the http://www.informationblast.com/Ibn_Khaldun.html

Ibn Khaldun Abu Zayd 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaldun al-Hadrami May 27 /ah732 to March 19 /ah808) was a famous Arab historiographer, historian and proto-sociologist. Born at Tunis , Ibn Khaldun studied the various branches of Arabic learning with great success. In 1352 he obtained employment under the Marlnid sultan Abu ban (Fans I) at Fez . In the beginning of 1356, his integrity having been suspected, he was thrown into prison until the death of Abu man in 1358, when the vizier al-Hasan ibn Omar set him at liberty and reinstated him in his rank and offices. He here continued to render great service to Abu Salem (Ibrahim III), Abu man's successor, but, having offended the prime minister, he obtained permission to emigrate to Spain . Ibn al Ahmar, who had been greatly indebted to his good offices when an exile at the court of Abu Salem, received Ibn Khaldun with great cordiality at Granada . The favours he received from the sovereign excited the jealousy of the vizier, and he was driven back to Africa (1364), where the sultan of Bougie, Abu Abdallafi, who had been formerly his companion in prison, received him with great cordiality. On the fall of Abu Abdallah, Ibn Khaldun raised a large force amongst the desert Arabs, and entered the service of the sultan of

86. Cité Ibn Khaldun Cité ibn khaldun, http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=165

87. Ibn Khaldun Translate this page ibn khaldun. Academicus.ch - Kostenloses Online-Lexikon. ibn khaldun. ibn khaldun (* 27. Mai 1332, Tunis, † 16. März 1406, Kairo http://www.academicus.ch/de/ibn_khaldun.html

Ibn Khaldun Academicus.ch - Kostenloses Online-Lexikon Hauptseite Edit this page Ibn Khaldun Ibn Khaldun 27. Mai Tunis 16. März Kairo ), mit vollem Namen Wali ad-Din 'Abd al-Rahman Ibn Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Abi Bakr Muhammad Ibn al-Hasan , war islamischer Historiker und Politiker . Nach islamischem Kalender fallen die Geburts- und Sterbedaten auf den 1. Ramadân 732 bzw. 26. Ramadân 808. Biographie Ibn Khalduns Leben ist für damalige Verhältnisse außerordentlich gut dokumentiert, da er uns eine Autobiographie , hrsg. von Muhammad ibn Tâwît al-Tanjî, Kairo 1951) hinterlassen hat, in der er zahlreiche Dokumente, die sein Leben betreffen, wörtlich zitiert. Allerdings hält er sich dort mit Aussagen, die sein Privatleben betreffen, sehr zurück, so dass man kaum etwas über seine familiären Verhältnisse weiß. Nordafrika wurde in der Epoche Ibn Khalduns nach dem Fall der Almohaden (1147-1269) von drei Dynastien beherrscht, die sich in ständigen Kämpfen untereinander aufrieben. In Marokko residierten die Mariniden (1196-1464). West algerien wurde von den Ziyaniden (1236-1556) beherrscht und die Hafsiden (1228-1574) regierten Ostalgerien

88. Online Encyclopedia - Ibn Khaldun , Encyclopedia Entry for ibn khaldun. Dictionary Definition of ibn khaldun. Works The Muqadimmah. Some Quotes from Works by ibn khaldun.......Encyclopedia http://www.yourencyclopedia.net/Ibn_Khaldun.html

Encyclopedia Entry for Ibn Khaldun Dictionary Definition of Ibn Khaldun Abu Zayd 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaldun al-Hadrami May 27 /ah732 to March 19 /ah808) was a famous Arab historiographer. He also wrote historical narratives based on the accounts of Timur, a Mongol leader. Works: The Muqadimmah Some Quotes from Works by Ibn Khaldun " In the early stages of the state, taxes are light in their incidence, but fetch in a large revenue...As time passes and kings succeed each other, they lose their tribal habits in favor of more civilized ones. Their needs and exigencies grow...owing to the luxury in which they have been brought up. Hence they impose fresh taxes on their subjects...[and] sharply raise the rate of old taxes to increase their yield...But the effects on business of this rise in taxation make themselves felt. For business men are soon discouraged by the comparison of their profits with the burden of their taxes...Consequently production falls off, and with it the yield of taxation. " Home Alphabetical Index See our sister sites: Find a Resume Diplomat City Your Quotations Your Lookup ... Your Dogs Content on this site is provided for informational purposes only. We do not accept responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site.

89. What Would Ibn Khaldun Say? What Would ibn khaldun Say? By Gerald A. Honigman. Zionism Enter Abdar-Rahman Abu Zayd ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn khaldun ibn http://www.jewishinternetassociation.org/articles/honigman_22aug03.html

What Would Ibn Khaldun Say? By: Gerald A. Honigman Zionism has meant different things to different people over the millennia. The connecting thread woven throughout all variations, however, has always involved Jews being in their land and at least somewhat in control of their own destinies. Whether they were biblical tears shed by the waters of Babylon some two thousand years earlier, or writings such as those of the medieval poet, Yehuda HaLevi, proclaiming a desire to be a pauper in Zion rather than a prince in Muslim Spain (where Jews had it relatively good), these ancient ties have bound Jews to Israel for most of man's recorded history. The animosity which often greeted them in the Diaspora helped to assure that those ties would not be forgotten. For religious Zionists of all degrees and persuasions, the Hand of G_d was at work in all of these events throughout the ages leading up to the rebirth of Israel in 1948. It took, after all, the rejection by the non-Jewish world of even the most assimilated of Jewsmen like Alfred Dreyfusbefore the rebirth of political Zionism could become a reality in the late 19th century. But not all were religious Zionists. Many Jews had indeed tried just about everything to gain acceptance in the non-Jewish world, but the Dreyfus Affair, pogroms, and numerous other problems culminating in the Holocaust kept on occurring in the "enlightened " and "modern" age anyway. It was as if G_d was sending a message:

90. Learn More About Ibn Khaldun In The Online Encyclopedia. Visit the Online Encyclopedia and learn more and get your questions answered about ibn khaldun. You are here Online Encyclopedia ibn khaldun. ibn khaldun. http://www.onlineencyclopedia.org/i/ib/ibn_khaldun.html

You are here: Online Encyclopedia Enter a phrase or search word in the box below. You can enter multiple phrases at a time by putting a comma between each word.(e.g. cat ,dog ,lion ) Press the search button to start your search. Hint: Play with putting spaces before and after your words to see the different results you get. see previous page Ibn Khaldun Abu Zayd 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaldun al-Hadrami May 27 /ah732 to March 19 /ah808) was a famous Arab historiographer. He also wrote historical narratives based on the accounts of Timur, a Mongol leader. Works: The Muqadimmah Some Quotes from Works by Ibn Khaldun " In the early stages of the state, taxes are light in their incidence, but fetch in a large revenue...As time passes and kings succeed each other, they lose their tribal habits in favor of more civilized ones. Their needs and exigencies grow...owing to the luxury in which they have been brought up. Hence they impose fresh taxes on their subjects...[and] sharply raise the rate of old taxes to increase their yield...But the effects on business of this rise in taxation make themselves felt. For business men are soon discouraged by the comparison of their profits with the burden of their taxes...Consequently production falls off, and with it the yield of taxation. " This article is from Wikipedia. All text is available under the terms of the

91. Historiska Världars Forum - Ibn Khaldun Eva Alhambra ger ut en ny upplaga av en efterlängtad klassiker Prolegomena Introduktion till världshistorien av ibn khaldun i översättning av Ingvar http://www.historiska.se/histvarld/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=334

92. Ibn Khaldoun page, ibn Khaldoun. Arabic ibnu khaldûn. sociologist. ibn Khaldoun s family was of the Tunisian elite, and he received a thorough education. http://i-cias.com/e.o/ibn_khal.htm

Click to open Encyclopaedia of the Orient on its front page Ibn Khaldoun Arabic 'ibnu kh aldûn The Routledge Atlas of Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Complete History of the Struggle and the Efforts to Resolve It The most extensive collection of historical maps ever seen. Buy this book from Amazon (USA) ... or buy from: Tunis Cairo Islamic historian and sociologist. Ibn Khaldoun's family was of the Tunisian elite, and he received a thorough education. He served at several courts in Maghreb , and was twice imprisoned. While in seclusion in what is today's Algeria from 1375- 79 he wrote his famous Foreword (muqaddama) , the first volume of his Universal History (kitâbu l- c abru) In 1382 Ibn Khaldoun received a chair at the Al-Azhar University in Cairo, acting as a judge and a teacher in Islamic law Ibn Khaldoun's fame was so widespread even in his own days, that he was received as an honoured guest with the Tatar ruler Tamerlane in 1400. The Universal History is a central source to knowledge of the history of North Africa , and the Berber people . But it is his Foreword, where he outlines his philosophy of history, where he underlined that dynasties have a tendency of lasting for a period of three generations, where after a new dynasty wipes out the old one.

93. Ibn Khaldûn; Rosenthal, F., Trans.: The Muqaddimah: An Introduction To History. The Muqaddimah An Introduction to History. ibn Khaldûn. Another Princeton book by ibn Khaldûn The Muqaddimah An Introduction to History. (Abridged Edition). http://pup.princeton.edu/titles/1208.html

PRINCETON University Press SEARCH: Keywords Author Title More Options Power Search Search Hints E-MAIL NOTICES NEW IN PRINT E-BOOKS ... HOME PAGE The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History 1547 pp. Shopping Cart The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History. (Abridged Edition). Series: Bollingen Series (General) Subject Areas: Middle Eastern Studies Archaeology and Ancient History Religion Shopping Cart: For customers in the U.S., Canada, Latin America, Asia, and Australia Cloth: $300.00 ISBN: 0-691-09797-6 For customers in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and India Prices subject to change without notice File created: 5/7/04 Questions and comments to: webmaster@pupress.princeton.edu Princeton University Press

94. Tekno-art, Building Design Construction, PT. Art Tekno http://www.uika-bogor.ac.id/

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