21. IBN KHALDUN - His Life And Work Printer friendly version. ibn khaldun. His Life and Work. ibn khaldun accompanied ibn Tafrakin with the forces that would ward off Abu Ziad’s attacks. http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ik/klf.htm

Printer friendly version IBN KHALDUN His Life and Work BY Muhammad Hozien TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Childhood and his Early Years In Tunisia and Morocco In Morocco and Spain ... Map of Ibn Khaldun's Travels (illustration) To Egypt Meeting Tamerlane The world at Ibn Khaldun's time (illustration) Final Days in Egypt The Magnum Opus "al-Muqaddimah" Facsimile of the cover page of the manuscript in Arabic (illustration) Endnotes Bibliography He is indeed the one outstanding personality in the history of a civilization whose social life on the whole was 'solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short'. In his chosen field of intellectual activity he appears to have been inspired by no predecessors, and to have found no kindred souls among his contemporaries, and to have kindled no answering spark of inspiration in any successors ; and yet, in the Prolegomena (Muqaddimat) to his Universal History he has conceived and formulated a philosophy of history which is undoubtedly the greatest work of its kind that has ever yet been created by any mind in any time or place. It was his single brief 'acquiescence' from a life of practical activity that gave Ibn Khaldun his opportunity to cast his creative thought into literary shape. A STUDY OR HISTORY. Vol. III.

22. In The Liberal Tradition: A History Of Liberty Short profile of khaldun and his place in the Western liberal tradition, provided by the Acton Institute. http://www.acton.org/research/libtrad/khaldun.html

Site Map Contact Us Home Research ... Subscribe to Acton Publications The Academic Research Center of the Acton Institute In the Liberal Tradition: A History of Liberty This collection of short biographies highlights the life and thought of central characters in the history of liberty. THE MIDDLE AGES Hugh of St. Victor Saint Thomas Aquinas Ibn Khaldun St. Bernardino of Siena THE RENAISSANCE Bartholomew de Las Casas Francisco Marroquín Girolamo Zanchi Luis de Molina ... Joseph Addison EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Adam Smith John Witherspoon Issac Backus Samuel Cooper ... Lyman Beecher NINETEENTH CENTURY Richard Whately James Fenimore Cooper Antonio Rosmini-Serbati Frédéric Bastiat ... J. Howard Pew TWENTIETH CENTURY Rose Wilder Lane Emil Brunner Michael Polanyi John Ronald Reuel Tolkien ... Russell Kirk About CEP: Research Staff Key Topics (Reading List): Christian Social Thought Economic Personalism Free-market Economics Human Dignity ... Value Theory (Axiology) Publications: Books Studies in Ethics and Economics Christian Social Thought Series Papers Economic Personalism: What is Econ. Personalism?

23. Ibn Khaldun Paper by R. J. Kilcullen, briefly summarizing khaldun's theories on the rise and fall of states and civilizations. http://www.humanities.mq.edu.au/Ockham/y67s17.html

Macquarie University POL167: Introduction to Political Theory Islamic political thought: Ibn Khaldun R.J. Kilcullen Ibn Khaldun lived in north Africa 1332-1406, about a generation after William of Ockham. His Muqaddimah ('Introduction', namely to a work of history) originated as an attempt to work out how to decide whether historical sources are credible. An important question to ask is whether what the source relates is likely to have happened, i.e. whether it is the sort of thing that happens in human affairs. This inquiry led Ibn Khaldun to write a lengthy treatise on the processes of social and political change (cf. Aristotle's discussion of revolution and stability, Politics , book V). Ibn Khaldun was not a 'philosopher' (in the sense of an avowed follower of the Greek philosophers), but his thinking is much influenced by Aristotelian ideas, in particular the idea of nature as a source of development toward a goal. Ibn Khaldun thinks that no individual dynasty or society can permanently remain at a high level of development; soon after maturity is attained decay sets in (just as individual plants and animals achieve the maturity natural to their species and then decay). There are drawbacks to the fully developed social state, even before decay sets in; progress in civilisation is made at some cost. A factor that Ibn Khaldun emphasises as important in social and political development is 'a sense of solidarity' or 'group feeling' - the state of mind that makes individuals identify with a group and subordinate their own personal interests to the group interest. Without willingness to subordinate self to the group, peace and social development are not possible. Ibn Khaldun expects the sense of solidarity to be based originally and normally on kinship. A sense of solidarity can be powerfully supported by religion, and conversely no religion can make an impact unless its members have a strong sense of solidarity.

24. Ibn Page ibn khaldun. ibnkhaldunandChange. WorldInfo can be thought of as a commentary on the work of ibn khaldun, who is said to have been the first social scientist. http://www.angelfire.com/mac/egmatthews/worldinfo/glossary/ibn.html

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Ibn Khaldun Ibn Khaldun and Change (print this using the print field menu) World Info can be thought of as a commentary on the work of Ibn Khaldun, who is said to have been the first social scientist. He lived from 1332-1406 and was a Muslim philosopher and statesman who provided a useful way of looking at the political and social conditions of the pre-modern world. Government in our world has to deal with closely packed masses of people. In the ancient world the towns were smaller and more widely spaced. Government was more a matter of maintaining the peace between the towns than anything else. The army in settled countries was the first call on the resources of the government - and almost the last call as well. Every country had considerable areas of wild land not settled by farmers. The army's main task was to guard the settled land from attack by the nomads. There was a limited amount of settled land, and outside the governed areas there were huge regions where nomads lived without any government at all. These nomadic areas in North Africa, Arabia and the central part of Eurasia were one of the great uncertainties of political life. Out of them came from time to time invasions of the settled areas.

25. "Ibn Khaldun, The Father Of Economics" Paper by Ibrahim M. Oweiss citing khaldun's writings as the inspiration of modern economic theory and of Adam Smith himself. http://www.georgetown.edu/oweiss/ibn.htm

IBRAHIM M. OWEISS In his Prolegomena (The Muqaddimah), 'Abd al-Rahman Ibn Muhammad Ibn Khaldun al-Hadrami of Tunis (A.D. 1332-1406), commonly known as Ibn Khaldun, laid down the foundations of different fields of knowledge, in particular the science of civilization (al-'umran). His significant contributions to economics, however, should place him in the history of economic thought as a major forerunner, if not the "father," of economics, a title which has been given to Adam Smith, whose great works were published some three hundred and seventy years after Ibn Khaldun's death. Not only did Ibn Khaldun plant the germinating seeds of classical economics, whether in production, supply, or cost, but he also pioneered in consumption, demand, and utility, the cornerstones of modern economic theory. Before Ibn Khaldun, Plato and his contemporary Xenophon presented, probably for the first time In writing, a crude account of the specialization and division of labor. On a non-theoretical level, the ancient Egyptians used the techniques of specialization, particularly in the era of the Eighteenth Dynasty, in order to save time and to produce more work per hour. Following Plato, Aristotle proposed a definition of economics and considered the use of money in his analysis of exchange. His example of the use of a shoe for wear and for its use in exchange was later presented by Adam Smith as the value in use and the value in exchange. Another aspect of economic thought before Ibn Khaldun was that of the Scholastics and of the Canonites, who proposed placing economics within the framework of laws based on religious and moral perceptions for the good of all human beings. Therefore all economic activities were to be undertaken in accordance with such laws.

26. Alchemy In Ibn Khaldun's Muqaddimah Alchemy in ibn khaldun's Muqaddimah. Edited and prepared by Prof Abd alRahman ibn Mohammad ibn khaldun was born in Tunis in 732 A.H http://www.levity.com/alchemy/islam20.html

Alchemy in Ibn Khaldun's Muqaddimah Edited and prepared by Prof. Hamed A. Ead These pages are edited by Prof. Hamed Abdel-reheem Ead, Professor of Chemistry at the Faculty of Science -University of Cairo, Giza, Egypt and director of the Science Heritage Center E-mail: ead@frcu.eun.eg Web site: http://www.frcu.eun.eg/www/universities/html/hamed2.htm Back to Islamic Alchemy Alchemy in Ibn Khaldun's Muqaddimah Edited and prepared by Prof. Hamed A. Ead, Cairo University, Giza (During the DAAD fellowship hosted by Heidelberg University, July-October 1998) (1332-1395 C.E.) Abd al-Rahman Ibn Mohammad Ibn Khaldun was born in Tunis in 732 A.H. (1332 C.E.) to an upper class family that had migrated from Seville in Muslim Spain. His ancestors were Yemenite Arabs who settled in Spain in the very beginning of Muslim rule in the eighth century, but after the fall of Seville, had migrated to Tunisia. He received his early education and where, still in his teens, he entered the service of the Egyptian ruler Sultan Barquq. His thirst for advanced knowledge and a better academic setting soon made him leave this service and migrate to Fez. During his formative years, Ibn Khaldun experienced his family's active participation in the intellectual life of the city, and to a lesser degree, its political life. This was followed by a long period of unrest marked by contemporary political rivalries affecting his career. The uncertainty of his career still continued, with Egypt becoming his final abode where he spent his last 24 years. Here he lived a life of fame and respect, marked by his appointment as the Chief Malakite Judge and lecturing at the AL-Azhar University, but envy caused his removal from his high judicial office as many as five times.

27. Ibn Khaldun And Our Age Paper by James Kalb giving a treatment of khaldun's philosophy of society and its applicability in the modern day. http://jkalb.org/publications/ibn_khaldun_and_our_age.php

Ibn Khaldun and Our Age The theoretician of post-historical multicultural society A slightly edited version of the following essay appeared in issue 20 of The Scorpion . The issues presented here can be discussed on the discussion board Pro et Contra . Your participation is welcome. You can also participate in developing these ideas in my wiki, Tradition, Catholicism and the World email the author, Jim Kalb , or add a comment at the foot of this page. Political thinkers engage our attention by their presentation of the particular features of their own time and place as well as the permanent qualities of man in society. We can read Aristotle and Hobbes for general lessons, or for the politics of the Greek city-state and of European society after the wars of religion. Ibn Khaldun,[ His work reflects a mind attracted to practical politics, to scholarship, and to mysticism. After failing in efforts to promote the public good, he turned to scholarship in an attempt to understand the past and explain the necessity that seemed to govern events. As an intense participant in the affairs of a great civilization irreversibly in decline, he was acutely aware of what was and what should be, and neither confused the two nor attempted to encompass one in the other. If there are no strong overarching loyalties, mixing of populations causes men to lose the social cohesion required for the self-rule of a free society and to withdraw into small groups in which they can maintain a coherent and predictable way of life. Common loyalties firm enough to create the civic order of Western Europe needed time and stability to evolve. It took 40 kings to make France, and no less time to grow what Burke once called the British oak; in the parts of Europe subject to invasion from Asia or North Africa nothing similar arose.

28. Ibn Khaldun And Comte: Discontinuity Or Progress Short essay that argues for including a session on ibn khaldun (comparing him to Comte) in a social theory syllabus. http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~frers/ibn_khaldun.html

Ibn Khaldun and Comte Discontinuity or Progress Author: Lars Frers , November 1999 e-mail: frers@ifs.tu-darmstadt.de www: http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~frers weblog: http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~frers/cgi-bin/blosxom.cgi This text as a .pdf file for offline reading: IbnKhaldunSyllabus.pdf Adobe Reader is necessary) Contents Occident and Orient Nature or History Comparing Comte and Ibn Khaldun Dichotomies and the Muqaddimah ... References Occident and Orient In this paper, I want to promote Ibn Khaldun as a social theorist by lining out how and why Ibn Khaldun could be included into an early session of a social theory class. Instead of reading Hobbes and Comte under the title "Two Legacies: Order and Positivism: Hobbes and Comte" (as suggested in Tom Gieryn 's social theory graduate class at Indiana University in 1999) I would suggest reading and comparing Ibn Khaldun and Comte. The title of the session could be "Circularity or Progress: Ibn Khaldun and Comte". The central piece of Ibn Khaldun's work is The Muqaddimah , which was completed in 1377. In this text he develops a theory of what he calls 'ilm al-umran', which could be translated as the study of social organization or civilization

29. Academic (Ibn Khaldun On The Web) Comprehensive web directory and guide to ibn khaldun, the great Arab historian and philosopher of history. ibn khaldun in Arabic. http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/ibnkhaldun/2.html

About this site Discussion Board Resources Web Biographies Academic Muqaddimah selections Economics and Sociology ... Other Academic The Encyclopedia of Islam the scholarly source online). Kudos to Muhammad Hozien for putting this online, together with other entries on Muslim Philosophy Ibn Khaldun in Arabic . This site (in Arabic and therefore closed to me) contains the Muqadima , the Ibar ( History ) and Tareef ( Autobiography ). Will someone with Arabic write a better description of the contents? Also available at http://www.alwaraq.com, which doesn't admit of deep-linking. from Fernand Braudel's "La longue, l'inepuisable duree des civilisations." Un texte classique de Fernand Braudel. Braudel goes in serch of his antecedents. French language, obviously. "Ibn Khaldun and Comte: Discontinuity or Progress" by Lars Frers. Argues for using Ibn Khaldun in social theory classes, comparing him to Hobbes and Comte. "Alchemy in Ibn Khaldun's Muqaddimah" by Prof. Hamed A. Ead, Cairo University. Introduction and selections. Mirrored . See also Prof. Ead's Alchemy in Islamic Times "Ibn Khaldun's Civil Society" by Maverick F. Fisher. Midterm paper compares the views of Khaldun and the American political scientist Robert Putnam for a class studying civil society at UT, Austin.

30. IBN KHALDUN An overview of khaldun's contributions to philosophy of history and sociology. http://www.ummah.org.uk/history/scholars/KHALDUN.html

IBN KHALDUN (1332-1395 C.E.) Abd al-Rahman Ibn Mohammad is generally known as Ibn Khaldun after a remote ancestor. His parents, originally Yemenite Arabs, had settled in Spain, but after the fall of Seville, had migrated to Tunisia. He was born in Tunisia in 1332 C.E., where he received his early education and where, still in his teens, he entered the service of the Egyptian ruler Sultan Barquq. His thirst for advanced knowledge and a better academic setting soon made him leave this service and migrate to Fez. This was followed by a long period of unrest marked by contemporary political rivalries affecting his career. This turbulent period also included a three year refuge in a small village Qalat Ibn Salama in Algeria, which provided him with the opportunity to write Muqaddimah , the first volume of his world history that won him an immortal place among historians, sociologists and philosophers. The uncertainty of his career still continued, with Egypt becoming his final abode where he spent his last 24 years. Here he lived a life of fame and respect, marked by his appointment as the Chief Malakite Judge and lecturing at the Al-Azhar University, but envy caused his removal from his high judicial office as many as five times. Ibn Khaldun's chief contribution lies in philosophy of history and sociology. He sought to write a world history preambled by a first volume aimed at an analysis of historical events. This volume, commonly known as

31. Society, Philosophy, Philosophers, K: Khaldun, Ibn ibn khaldun Center for Development A Cairo-based professional research organization created in 1988 to advance applied social sciences, inspired by khaldun s http://www.combose.com/Society/Philosophy/Philosophers/K/Khaldun,_Ibn/

Top Society Philosophy Philosophers ... Khaldun, Ibn Related links of interest: Society:Philosophy:History of Philosophy:Medieval Society:Religion and Spirituality:Islam:Philosophy Society:Philosophy:Philosophy of History Science:Social Sciences ... Encyclopaedia of the Orient: Ibn Khaldoun - A short biography. Ibm Khaldun - Father of Economics - Paper by Ibrahim M. Oweiss citing Khaldun's writings as the inspiration of modern economic theory and of Adam Smith himself. Ibn Khaldun Center for Development - A Cairo-based professional research organization created in 1988 to advance applied social sciences, inspired by Khaldun's service to the Arab world. Ibn Khaldun Discussion - Discussion board devoted to Khaldun and his works. Ibn Khaldun and Comte - Discontinuity or Progress - Short essay that argues for including a session on Ibn Khaldun (comparing him to Comte) in a social theory syllabus. Ibn Khaldun on the Web - Extensive web directory and guide to the great Arab historian and philosopher of history, including articles, academic papers, online books, and web biographies. Ibn Khaldunand Our Age - Paper by James Kalb giving a treatment of Khaldun's philosophy of society and its applicability in the modern day.

32. Society - Philosophy - Philosophers - K - Khaldun, Ibn Directory Top Society Philosophy Philosophers K khaldun, ibn ibn khaldun Discussion Discussion board devoted to khaldun and his works. http://www.sedirectory.net/Society/Philosophy/Philosophers/K/Khaldun,_Ibn/

Web Hosting Dir Web Design Dir Search Engine Dir Hardware Info ... Resources Search: Top Society Philosophy Philosophers ... Khaldun, Ibn See also: Science: Social Sciences Society: Philosophy: History of Philosophy: Medieval Society: Philosophy: Philosophy of History Society: Religion and Spirituality: Islam: Philosophy ... Encyclopaedia of the Orient: Ibn Khaldoun - A short biography. Ibm Khaldun - Father of Economics - Paper by Ibrahim M. Oweiss citing Khaldun's writings as the inspiration of modern economic theory and of Adam Smith himself. Ibn Khaldun and Comte - Discontinuity or Progress - Short essay that argues for including a session on Ibn Khaldun (comparing him to Comte) in a social theory syllabus. Ibn Khaldun and Our Age - Paper by James Kalb giving a treatment of Khaldun's philosophy of society and its applicability in the modern day. Ibn Khaldun Discussion - Discussion board devoted to Khaldun and his works. Ibn Khaldun on the Web - Extensive web directory and guide to the great Arab historian and philosopher of history, including articles, academic papers, online books, and web biographies. In the Liberal Tradition: Ibn Khaldun - Short profile of Khaldun and his place in the Western liberal tradition, provided by the Acton Institute.

33. Spirit And Sky Philosophy: Philosophers: K: Khaldun-ibn (Added Thu Jan 01 2004) ID 114205. ibn khaldun and Comte Discontinuity or Progress ibn khaldun and Comte - Discontinuity or Progress. ibn khaldun and Our Age http://www.spiritandsky.com/philosophy/philosophers/k/khaldun-ibn/

Home philosophy philosophers k : khaldun-ibn the entire directory only this category More search options Home Search Suggest a Site ... k : khaldun-ibn Links: Encyclopaedia of the Orient: Ibn Khaldoun Encyclopaedia of the Orient: Ibn Khaldoun A short biography. (Added: Thu Jan 01 2004) ID 114206 Ibm Khaldun - Father of Economics Ibm Khaldun - Father of Economics Paper by Ibrahim M. Oweiss citing Khaldun's writings as the inspiration of modern economic theory and of Adam Smith himself. (Added: Thu Jan 01 2004) ID 114205 Ibn Khaldun and Comte - Discontinuity or Progress Ibn Khaldun and Comte - Discontinuity or Progress Short essay that argues for including a session on Ibn Khaldun (comparing him to Comte) in a social theory syllabus. (Added: Thu Jan 01 2004) ID 114211 Ibn Khaldun and Our Age Ibn Khaldun and Our Age Paper by James Kalb giving a treatment of Khaldun's philosophy of society and its applicability in the modern day. (Added: Thu Jan 01 2004) ID 114212 Ibn Khaldun on the Web Ibn Khaldun on the Web Extensive web directory and guide to the great Arab historian and philosopher of history, including articles, academic papers, online books, and web biographies. (Added: Thu Jan 01 2004) ID 114208 In the Liberal Tradition: Ibn Khaldun In the Liberal Tradition: Ibn Khaldun Short profile of Khaldun and his place in the Western liberal tradition, provided by the Acton Institute.

34. Liberal Thinkers A short biography from the site of Liberal International. http://www.liberal-international.org/library/khaldoun.html

1332 Tunis - 1406 Cairo) Abd ar-Rahman Ibn Mu-hammad Ibn Khaldun Ibn Khaldun, who received a broad education in Ara-bic, interpretation of the Koran, jurisprudence and poetry, served a number of Arab rulers in Tunis, Fez, Granada, Damascus and Cairo as courtier, jurist and statesman. As a po-litical adviser with an exceptionally broad over-view of different Muslim countries he developed outstanding skills in ob-serving and analyzing the economic, political and social developments of his time. His work has been rediscovered from the be-ginning of the 19th century by Arab and European scholars. Where as many Arabs saw in him a source of inspiration for a new definition of their iden-tity and their relations with the West, we tend to interpret Ibn Khaldun as a shining representative of the rationalistic Islamic traditions and forerunner of economic and sociologi-cal theory. Some scholars call Ibn Khaldun the real „father of economics“ or „father of modern social science“ and claim that his ideas have been more or less re-invented four centuries later by thinkers like Adam Smith or David Ri-cardo, and later by Karl Marx or John Maynard Keynes. Apart from such a difficult comparison, the depth and analytical strength of his works is certainly most impressive. Especially in his „Muqad-dima“, a sort of Prolegom-ena to his later histo-riographical treatise, Ibn Khaldun develops a theory of labour, including most intersting ideas about the division of labour, a theory of taxa-tion and covers many more areas which come across as very „modern“.

35. Alexa Web Search - Subjects > Society > ... > Philosophers > K > Khaldun, Ibn khaldun, ibn Subjects Society Philosophers K khaldun, ibn. Sort by Most Popular. Bestselling Products in khaldun, ibn. http://www.alexa.com/browse/general?catid=339543&mode=general

36. Ibn Khaldun Dan Pemerkasaan Budaya Dan Tamadun Choose an ISP NetZero High Speed InternetDial up $14.95 or NetZero Internet Service $9.95. TRADITIONAL ISLAM as understood by the vast majority of ulama's of the Ahli Sunnah wal Jama'ah. ibn khaldun http://traditionalislam.freeservers.com/IbnKhaldun_PemerkasaanBudaya.htm

37. :: Ez2Find :: Khaldun, Ibn Guide khaldun, ibn, Guides, khaldun, ibn. ez2Find Home Directory Society Philosophy Philosophers K khaldun, ibn (12) Related Categories http://ez2find.com/cgi-bin/directory/meta/search.pl/Society/Philosophy/Philosoph

Guide : Khaldun, Ibn Global Metasearch Any Language English Afrikaans Arabic Bahasa Melayu Belarusian Bulgarian Catala Chinese Simplified Chinese Traditional Cymraeg Czech Dansk Deutsch Eesti Espanol Euskara Faroese Francais Frysk Galego Greek Hebrew Hrvatski Indonesia Islenska Italiano Japanese Korean Latvian Lietuviu Lingua Latina Magyar Netherlands Norsk Polska Portugues Romana Russian Shqip Slovensko Slovensky Srpski Suomi Svenska Thai Turkce Ukrainian Vietnamese Mode All Words Any Word Phrase Results Timeout Depth Adult Filter Add to Favorites Other Search Web News Newsgroups Images Guides Khaldun, Ibn ez2Find Home Directory Society Philosophy ... K : Khaldun, Ibn Related Categories Science: Social Sciences Society: Philosophy: History of Philosophy: Medieval Society: Philosophy: Philosophy of History Society: Religion and Spirituality: Islam: Philosophy Web Sites Encyclopaedia of the Orient: Ibn Khaldoun [Site Info] [Translate] [Open New Window] A short biography. URL: http://lexicorient.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct-frame.pl?http://i-cias.com/e.o/ibn_khal.htm Ibm Khaldun - Father of Economics [Site Info] [Translate] [Open New Window] Paper by Ibrahim M. Oweiss citing Khaldun's writings as the inspiration of modern economic theory and of Adam Smith himself. URL: http://www.georgetown.edu/oweiss/ibn.htm

38. EpistemeLinks.com: Philosopher Results ibn khaldun. Born 5/27/1332 Died 3/17/1406. Search Directory Links. Site Title, Details. khaldun, ibn, Source Google. ibn khaldun, Source LookSmart. http://www.epistemelinks.com/Main/Philosophers.aspx?PhilCode=Khal

39. Ibn Khaldun (InterIslamicNet) ibn khaldun (13321395. AD). ibn khaldun is universally recognized as the founder and father of Sociology and Sciences of History. http://members.tripod.com/bimcrot/alkisah/khaldun.html

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Ibn Khaldun (1332-1395. A.D.) Ibn Khaldun is universally recognized as the founder and father of Sociology and Sciences of History. He is best known for his famous ' Muqaddimah Prolegomena ). Abd al-Rahman Ibn Mohammad, generally known as Ibn Khaldun after a remote ancestor, was born in Tunis in 732 A.H. (1332 C.E.) to an upper class family that had migrated from Seville in Muslim Spain. His ancestors were Yemenite Arabs who settled in Spain in the very beginning of Muslim rule in the eighth century. During his formative years, Ibn Khaldun experienced his family's active participation in the intellectual life of the city, and to a lesser degree, its political life. He was used to frequent visits to his family by the political and intellectual leaders of western Islamic states (i.e., North Africa and Spain), many of whom took refuge there. Ibn Khaldun was educated at Tunis and Fez, and studied the Qur'an, Prophet Muhammad's Traditions and other branches of Islamic studies such as Dialectical theology, shari'a (Islamic Law of Jurisprudence, according to the Maliki School). He also studied Arabic literature, philosophy, mathematics and astronomy. While still in his teens, he entered the service of the Egyptian ruler Sultan Barquq. Ibn Khaldun had to move from one court to another, sometimes at his own will, but often forced to do so by plotting rivals or despotic rulers. He learnt much from his encounters with rulers, ambassadors, politicians and scholars from North Africa, Muslim Spain, Egypt and other parts of the Muslim world.

40. Ibn Khaldun - Writer - Philosopher - Historian Basic information and useful websites about Arab historian and philosopher ibn khaldun. You are here About History Medieval History. ibn khaldun. 13321406. http://historymedren.about.com/library/who/blwwkhaldun.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About History Medieval History Home ... Daily Features zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Before You Buy Top Picks Product Reviews Articles ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Medieval History newsletter. Search Medieval History Ibn Khaldun Philosopher Africa Iberia Generally considered the greatest Arab historian and the father of Sociology and the sciences of History, Ibn Khaldun (in full Abu Zayd 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaldun) developed one of the earliest nonreligious philosophies of history in his masterwork, the Muqaddimah. Khaldun's extraordinarily eventful life is chronicled in his autobiography, Al-ta'rif bi Ibn Khaldun. He came from an illustrious family and enjoyed an excellent education in his youth. Both his parents died when the Black Death struck Tunis in 1349. At the age of 20 he was given a post at the court of Tunis, and later became secretary to the sultan of Morocco in Fez. In the late 1350s he was imprisoned for two years for suspicion of participating in a rebellion. After being released and promoted by a new ruler, he again fell out of favor, and he decided to go to Granada. Ibn Khaldun had served the Muslim ruler of Granada in Fez, and Granada's prime minister, Ibn al-Khatib, was a renowned writer and a good friend to Ibn Khaldun. A year later he was sent to Seville to conclude a peace treaty with King Pedro I of Castile, who treated him with great generosity. However, intrigue raised its ugly head and rumors were spread of his disloyalty, adversely affecting his friendship with Ibn al-Khatib. He returned to Africa, where he changed employers with unfortunate frequency and served in a variety of administrative posts.

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