41. Document: 50 Years Nobel Prize Frits Zernike back. 50 Years Nobel Prize frits zernike in Phase Contrast Microscopy 1953 - 2003, The scientific design of the microscope is based http://www.zeiss.com/C12567BE0045ACF1/allBySubject/9DA9D117C0C82F46C1256D5000446

back 50 Years Nobel Prize Frits Zernike in Phase Contrast Microscopy - 1953 - 2003 The scientific design of the microscope is based on the theory for image formation developed by Ernst Abbe in 1873. With the introduction of apochromatic lenses and oil immersion, the theoretical limit of resolution of 200 nm (0.2µ) was reached at this early stage. The back focal plane of the objective is one of the most important planes in the microscope with regard to both illumination and, especially, contrast. In 1935, the Dutch physicist Frits Zernike published his work on phase contrast microscopy, which is based on recognizing the difference between the diffraction patterns formed by an absorbing and a non-absorbing object. Because of the importance to applications in biology and medicine, Zernike was awarded the Nobel price in physics in 1953. Frits Zernike Nobel Prize in Phase Contrast Microscopy - 1953 Prototype of the Phase Contrast Microscope by Siedentopf and Köhler, Jena 1936 Nucleus of the salivary gland of the larva of a Chironomide K.Michel, 1941, Jena The first prototype of a phase contrast microscope was constructed by Zeiss Jena in 1936. Following this, in 1941, Dr. Kurt Michel, head of the department of microscopy in Jena, produced the first 35mm phase contrast movie recording meiosis in the spermatogenesis of the grasshopper (Psophus stridulus L.).

42. AbsoluteFacts.nl - Frits Zernike (1888-1966) frits zernike. frits (eigenlijk Frederik) zernike werd geboren in Amsterdamop 16 juli 1888, als de tweede zoon uit een gezin met zes kinderen. http://www.absofacts.com/wetenschap/data/zernicke.shtml

gratis nieuwsbrieven zoeken op het internet gratis downloads AbsoluteFigures.nl ... HierBestellen.nl Frits Zernike Frits (eigenlijk Frederik) Zernike werd geboren in Amsterdam op 16 juli 1888, als de tweede zoon uit een gezin met zes kinderen. Zijn vader Carl Frederick August was wiskundeleraar en hoofd van een school in Amsterdam. Ook zijn moeder Antje Dieperink gaf les in wiskunde. Reeds in zijn jeugd hield Zernike zich bezig met natuurkunde. In 1905 ging hij chemie studeren aan de universiteit te Amsterdam. Natuur- en wiskunde waren zijn bijvakken. In 1913 vroeg Kapteyn, professor astronomie aan de universiteit te Groningen hem om assistent te worden. Twee jaar later ging Zernike les geven aan deze universiteit in het vak natuurkunde. In 1920 werd hij gepromoveerd tot professor. Zernike publiceerde vele studies o.a. over de reactie van verschillende moleculen in een vloeistof. Uit zijn experimenten ontstond de galvanometer die door de firma Kipp en Zonen in Delft werd vervaardigd. Na 1930 ging hij zich met optiek bezighouden. Hij ontwikkelde de fase-contrastmicroscoop, waardoor levende wezens en organismen bestudeerd kunnen worden zonder kleuring. Deze uitvinding ontving niet meteen de belangstelling die ze verdiende. Zeiss, de beroemde fabriek van optische instrumenten, zag aanvankelijk niets in de microscoop. Tijdens de oorlog werd het belang van de microscoop door de Wehrmacht ingezien en werd de microscoop verder ontwikkeld en gefabriceerd. Na de oorlog werd de microscoop ook door andere firma's in productie genomen.

43. Frits Zernike [Pictures And Photos Of] frits zernike. frits zernike Picture, Photo, Photograph; Middle aged;profile; suit; looking through phasecontrast microscope; Zernicke F1. http://www.aip.org/history/esva/catalog/esva/Zernike_Frits.html

A larger image of any photo may be purchased. Click on an image to place an order. For more information visit our home page Frits Zernike Description Middle aged; profile; suit; looking through phase-contrast microscope Item ID Zernicke F1

44. Online-Lexikon: Frits Zernike Translate this page frits zernike. Academicus.ch - Kostenloses Online-Lexikon. frits zernike. fritszernike (*16. Juli 1888 in Amsterdam, †10. März 1966 in Naarden), Physiker http://www.academicus.ch/de/frits_zernike.html

Frits Zernike Academicus.ch - Kostenloses Online-Lexikon Hauptseite Edit this page Frits Zernike Frits Zernike 16. Juli in Amsterdam 10. März in Naarden), Physiker Zernike erhielt den Physik Nobelpreis "für die von ihm angegebene Phasenkontrastmethode, im besonderen für seine Erfindung des Phasenkontrastmikroskops". ZumWikipedia-Artikel Impressum Sitemap Sitemap all All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License

45. Frits Zernike Encyclopedia : Maps - Weather - Travel - History - Economy - Gover frits zernike. Frederik zernike (July 16, 1888 March 10, 1966) was aDutch physicist and winner of the Nobel prize for physics in 1953. http://thailand.asinah.net/en/wikipedia/f/fr/frits_zernike.html

Hotel Reservations AmeriHost Aparthotel Barcelo ... [ SHOPPING ] thailand.asinah.net Encyclopedia Switch Language Encyclopedia worldwide This article could be outdated : Visit our new Table of Contents Main Page Edit this page Frits Zernike Frederik Zernike July 16 March 10 ) was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel prize for physics in Among other contributions, he worked on Zernike polynomialss , a mathematical technique now used, in advanced optics systems, for overcoming aberration This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License This article courtesy of Wikipedia.org You may link to this article from your website: Other Subjects Astronomy Biology Chemistry Computer science ... Arts U.S. States Infos Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas ... Server Stats For feedback, please email us at info@asinah.net Part of www.asinah.net Network

46. Frits Zernike :: Online Encyclopedia :: Information Genius frits zernike. Online Encyclopedia Frederik zernike (July 16, 1888 March 10, 1966)was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel prize for physics in 1953. http://www.informationgenius.com/encyclopedia/f/fr/frits_zernike.html

Quantum Physics Pampered Chef Paintball Guns Cell Phone Reviews ... Science Articles Frits Zernike Online Encyclopedia Frederik Zernike July 16 March 10 ) was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel prize for physics in Among other contributions, he worked on Zernike polynomialss , a mathematical technique now used, in advanced optics systems, for overcoming aberration This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it. This content from wikipedia is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License Power Supplies Hardware Information Law Advice

47. Frits (Frederik) Zernike :: Online Encyclopedia :: Information Genius Online Encyclopedia frits zernike (1888 1966) was a Dutch scientist who wonthe Nobel Prize for Physics in 1953 for his invention of the phase-contrast http://www.informationgenius.com/encyclopedia/f/fr/frits__frederik__zernike.html

Quantum Physics Pampered Chef Paintball Guns Cell Phone Reviews ... Science Articles Frits (Frederik) Zernike Online Encyclopedia Frits Zernike ) was a Dutch scientist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1953 for his invention of the phase-contrast microscope, an instrument that permits the study of internal cell structure without the need to stain and thus kill the cells. External Links Frits (Frederik) Zernike Photo This content from wikipedia is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License Power Supplies Hardware Information Law Advice

48. Frits Zernike Translate this page Physiknobelpreis 1953 (Nobel Prize Physics 1953) frits zernike,niederl. Physiker, geb. 16. Juli 1888, gest. 10. Maerz 1966. http://www.zuta.de/nppyhs/zernike.htm

Physiknobelpreis 1953 (Nobel Prize Physics 1953) Frits Zernike, niederl. Physiker, geb. 16. Juli 1888, gest. 10. Maerz 1966 Not available. Maybe one time. Kein Zernike vorhanden. Wer hat ihn?

49. Frits Zernike Applied Nonlinear Optics Applied Nonlinear Optics Written by frits zernike , JohnE. Midwinter Published by John Wiley Sons (January 1973) ISBN 0471982121. http://engineering-books-online.com/search_Frits_Zernike/searchBy_Author.html

Home Search High Volume Orders Links ... Soil Engineering Additional Subjects Reference Engine A. Cemal Eringen Combustion Orthopedics Deformities ... Construction General Systems Books Applied Nonlinear Optics Written by Frits Zernike John E. Midwinter ISBN 0471982121 Osa Proceedings on Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography: Proceedings of the Tropical Meeting, September 19-21, 1994 Monterey, California Written by Frits Zernike David T. Attwood Optical Society of America Published by Optical Society of America (March 1995) ISBN 1557523630 Price $69.00 See Also Daniel Grossman Marvel Staff Children Babies Toddlers Neighbors Mark E Haskins Our Bookstores Cooking Books Games Books Computer Books Health Books ... Music Books Web Resources Amazon ISO International Standards Organization Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century Web EE ... Exchange links with us

50. Frits Zernike - Wikipedia http://www.torfkopp.de/keyword/Frits_Zernike.php

Nicht angemeldet Anmelden Hilfe Frits Zernike Die Texte stammen aus der Wikipedia - Dies ist nicht die Wikipedia Frits Zernike 16. Juli in Amsterdam 10. März in Naarden) war ein niederländischer Physiker Zernike erhielt den Physik Nobelpreis "für die von ihm angegebene Phasenkontrastmethode, im besonderen für seine Erfindung des Phasenkontrastmikroskops". en:Frits Zernike nl:Frits Zernike Links auf diese Seite Verlinkte Seiten Hauptseite Über Wikipedia ... Letzte Änderungen Diese Seite wurde bisher 14 mal abgerufen. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt geändert um 21:36, 24. Feb 2004. Der Artikel steht unter der GNU Freien Dokumentationslizenz , siehe auch Lizenzbestimmungen Hauptseite Zufälliger Artikel Diskussion Spezialseiten Impressum

51. Caramba! - Nobelova Cena - Fyzika (1943-1963) Purcell, Edward MI; Purcell, Edward M. II. Purcell, Edward M. III. 1953. zernike,frits I. zernike, frits II. 1954. Born, Max I. Born, Max II. Born, Max III. http://www.caramba.cz/page.php?PgID=944

52. Skolavpohode.cz zernike, frits (18881966) Holandský vedec, nositel Nobelovy ceny za fyziku prorok 1953, kterou dostal za zkonstruování fázove-kontrastního mikroskopu. http://www.skolavpohode.cz/clanek.asp?polozkaID=4025

53. Skolavpohode.cz Lex, Zeeman, Pieter (1865 1943), zaregistruj se - uvidíš to. Lex,zernike, frits (1888-1966), zaregistruj se - uvidíš to. Další http://www.skolavpohode.cz/prehled.asp?predmetID=13&start=3

54. Phase Contrast Microscope - Information Phase contrast is a method used in microscopy and developed in the early20th century by frits zernike. (see more frits zernike biography). http://www.microscope-microscope.org/advanced/phase-contrast-microscope.htm

Phase Contrast Microscopes What is phase contrast? Frits Zernike biography (click on image for larger picture) (click on image for larger picture) Image above with regular brightfield objectives. Notice the air bubbles at three locations, some cells are visible at the left side Same image with phase contrast objectives. White dots inside each cell are the nuclei. About the images above: A common activity in a high school biology class is to observe cheek cells. To do this, you take a flat toothpick and gently scrape the inside of your cheek. You then smear the saliva specimen on a flat microscope slide and cover it with a cover slip. The cheek cells are epithelial cells and will be seen in large numbers. The students then add a drop of iodine to the sample and the nuclei of the cells become visible as small round dots inside the cell. In the two pictures above, we see the cells as they would appear without iodine with a regular microscope. At the right, you see the same specimen using a phase contrast microscope (actually, we used the same microscope with different lenses). This clearly shows that, for some specimens (called Phase Objects), a phase contrast microscope will greatly improve you image quality. Setting up your microscope for phase contrast observations (you must have special phase objective lenses and a phase substage condenser)

55. Frits Zernike: New & Used Books: Find The Lowest Price frits zernike Compare new and used books prices among 97 book stores ina click. Find the lowest price. Searched in books for frits zernike. http://www.fetchbook.co.uk/search_Frits_Zernike/searchBy_Author.html

About Bookmark Recommend Us Enhance Your Site ... Help Keyword Title Author ISBN Searched in books for Frits Zernike title matched your search. Search took seconds. Osa Proceedings on Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography: 023 By Frits Zernike David T. Attwood Optical Society of America Hardcover / Optical Society of Amer / March 1995 / 1557523630 Books Similar to Osa Proceedings on Extreme Ultravio... Compare Prices Book Reviews Best-Sellers: A Little Fate Just One Look The Ultimate Weight Solution Food Guide R Is for Ricochet Other: Joyce D. Weinsheimer The Boats They Sailed in Reconstruction / Deconstruction Herge ... Terms of Service

56. 20th Century Year By Year 1953 Physics zernike, frits (FREDERIK), the Netherlands, Groningen University, b. 1888,d. 1966 for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for http://www.multied.com/20th/1953.html

Major Event/ Sports Nobel Prizes Pulitzer Prizes ... Popular Book s / Popular Television Shows Emmy Awards Major Events of 1953 Stalin dies Korean armistice France grants Laos independence Mossadegh ousted in Iran Rosenbergs executed Comet crashes Super Sabre introduced DC-7 introduced Sports NBA: Minneapolis Lakers vs. New Yorks Knicks Series: 4-3 NCAA Football: Maryland Record: 10-1-0 Heisman Trophy: John Lattner, notre dame, HB points: 1,850 Stanley Cup: Montreal Canadiens vs. Boston Bruins Series: 4-1 US Open Golf: Ben Hogan Score: 283 Course: Oakmont CC Location: Oakmont, PA World Series: New York Yankees vs. Brooklyn Dodgers Series: 4-2 Academy Awards Best Picture: "From Here to Eternity" Best Director: Fred Zinnemann ... "From Here to Eternity" Best Actor: William Holden ... "Stalag 17" Best Actress: Audrey Hepburn ... "Roman Holiday" Movies 1. The Robe 2. From Here to Eternity 3. Shane 4. How to Marry a Millionaire 5. Peter Pan

57. Frits Zernike Definition Meaning Information Explanation www.freedefinition.com/frits-Frederik-zernike.html More results from www.free-definition.com ClubCaminantes - Premios Nobel - Fisica - Translate this page zernike, frits (Países Bajos). Por su demostración del método de contraste defase, y en especial por la invención del micróscopio de contraste de fase. http://www.free-definition.com/Frits-Zernike.html

A B C D ... Contact Beta 0.71 powered by: akademie.de PHP PostgreSQL Google News about your search term Frits Zernike Frederik Zernike July 16 March 10 ) was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel prize for physics in Among other contributions, he worked on Zernike polynomial s, a mathematical technique since used in advanced optics systems for overcoming aberration Books about 'Frits Zernike' at: amazon.com or amazon.co.uk Note: This article from Wikipedia is made available under the terms of the GNU FDL Further Search within Free-Definition Link from your web site to this article with this HTML tag: top

58. Encyclopedia: Frits (Frederik) Zernike frits zernike (1888 1966) was a Dutch scientist who won the Nobel Prize for Physicsin 1953 for his invention of the phase-contrast microscope, an instrument http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Frits-(Frederik)-Zernike

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #31 Guinea has the wettest capital on Earth with 3.7 metres of rain a year. Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Added May 21 Mortality stats Multi-users ½ price Catholic stats Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Populous Most Militaristic ... More Stats Categories Agriculture Background Crime Currency ... Welfare Updated: , Encyclopedia : Frits (Frederik) Zernike Sponsored links: Sorry, no entry exists for this yet. The Wikipedia article included on this page is licensed under the GFDL Usage implies agreement with terms

59. Encyclopedia: Frits Zernike Encyclopedia frits zernike. Frederik zernike (July 16, 1888 March 10, 1966)was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel prize for physics in 1953. http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Frits-Zernike

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #59 Libya is the only country with a single-coloured flag Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Added May 21 Mortality stats Multi-users ½ price Catholic stats Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Populous Most Militaristic ... More Stats Categories Agriculture Background Crime Currency ... Welfare Updated: Mar 26, 2004 Encyclopedia : Frits Zernike Sponsored links: Frederik Zernike July 16 March 10 ) was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel prize for physics in Among other contributions, he worked on Zernike polynomials, a mathematical technique since used in advanced optics systems for overcoming aberration The Wikipedia article included on this page is licensed under the GFDL Usage implies agreement with terms

60. Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer: Specialized Microscopy Techniques - Pha Phase contrast microscopy, first described in 1934 by Dutch physicist frits zernike,is a contrastenhancing optical technique that can be utilized to produce http://www.molecularexpressions.com/primer/techniques/phasecontrast/phaseindex.h

Microscopy Primer Light and Color Microscope Basics Special Techniques ... Home The Galleries: Photo Gallery Silicon Zoo Pharmaceuticals Chip Shots ... Movie Gallery Phase Contrast Microscopy A large spectrum of living biological specimens are virtually transparent when observed in the optical microscope under brightfield illumination. To improve visibility and contrast in such specimens, microscopists often reduce the opening size of the substage condenser iris diaphragm, but this maneuver is accompanied by a serious loss of resolution and the introduction of diffraction artifacts. Phase contrast was introduced in the 1930's for testing of telescope mirrors, and was adapted by Zeiss laboratories into a commercial microscope several years later. This technique provides an excellent method of improving contrast in unstained biological specimens without significant loss in resolution, and is widely utilized to examine dynamic events in living cells. Brief Overview of Phase Contrast - The search was still on in the early part of the twentieth century to find a way of using both direct and diffracted light from all azimuths to yield good contrast images of unstained objects that do not absorb light. Research by Frits Zernike during this period uncovered phase and amplitude differences between zeroth order and deviated light that can be altered to produce favorable conditions for interference and contrast enhancement. Phase Contrast Microscopy - Phase contrast microscopy, first described in 1934 by Dutch physicist Frits Zernike, is a contrast-enhancing optical technique that can be utilized to produce high-contrast images of transparent specimens such as living cells, microorganisms, thin tissue slices, lithographic patterns, and sub-cellular particles (such as nuclei and other organelles). In effect, the phase contrast technique employs an optical mechanism to translate minute variations in phase into corresponding changes in amplitude, which can be visualized as differences in image contrast. One of the major advantages of phase contrast microscopy is that living cells can be examined in their natural state without being killed, fixed, and stained. As a result, the dynamics of ongoing biological processes in live cells can be observed and recorded in high contrast with sharp clarity of minute specimen detail.

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