21. Frits Zernike --  Encyclopædia Britannica Cite this article. frits zernike. born July 16, 1888, Amsterdam, Neth. MLA style " frits zernike." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=80441

22. Zernike, Frits zernike, frits (18881966). frits zernike was born in Amsterdam, 16thJuly 1888, as the second son in a family of six children. His http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/Z/Zernike/1.html

Zernike, Frits Frits Zernike was born in Amsterdam, 16th July 1888, as the second son in a family of six children. His father, Carl Frederick August Zernike, was teacher in mathematics and head of a primary school in Amsterdam, and was a highly gifted man having interests in many branches of science; he compiled numerous elementary books in a series of subjects, and had also articles on pedagogy to his credit. His mother, Antje Dieperink, was also a teacher of mathematics. One of his brothers also became a professor of physics, one of his sisters, married to the well-known painter Jan Mankes, was the first woman ordained in the Dutch Protestant Church, another sister is one of The Netherlands' foremost literary figures. Frits inherited his passion for physics from his father; as a boy he already possessed an arsenal of pots, crucibles, tubes, which he scraped together with his own pocket money, or received as gifts from understanding manufacturers. At the secondary school he excelled in the scientific subjects, and neglected topics such as history and languages, including Greek and Latin, for which later on he was obliged to pass a State matriculation test in order to be fully admitted to the University. During these school years he devoted all his spare time to his endless experiments, entering also the realms of colour photography. His limited financial means forced him to synthesize his own ether which he required for his photographic experiments. Other results of his ingenuity were a photographic camera and a miniature astronomical observatory equipped with the clockwork of an old record player, which enabled him to take pictures of a comet. Together with his father and mother he also indulged in solving arduous mathematical problems.

23. Frits Zernike (1888-1966) frits zernike (18881966) This is a biographical sketch of frits zernike. zernike was a Dutch mathematician and physicist who discovered the phase contrast phenomenon and was awarded the Nobel http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/peo

24. Zernike, Frits (Frederik) Translate this page zernike, frits (Frederik) (1888-1966). frits zernike est né à Amsterdam, le16 juillet 1888, comme le deuxième fils dans une famille de six enfants. http://www.cartage.org.lb/fr/themes/Biographies/mainbiographie/Z/Zernike/Zernike

Zernike, Frits (Frederik) Frits Zernike est né à Amsterdam, le 16 juillet 1888, comme le deuxième fils dans une famille de six enfants. Son père, Carl Frederick August Zernike, était l'enseignant dans des mathématiques et le chef d'une école primaire à Amsterdam et était un homme fortement doué ayant des intérêts dans beaucoup de branches de science; il a compilé des nombreux livres élémentaires dans une série de sujets et avait aussi des articles de la pédagogie à son crédit. Sa mère, Antje Dieperink, était aussi un enseignant de mathématiques. Un de ses frères est aussi devenu un professeur de physique, une de ses soeurs, s'est marié avec le peintre bien connu Jan Mankes, était la première femme prescrite dans l'Eglise Protestante hollandaise, une autre soeur est un des chiffres(figures) littéraires principaux des Pays-Bas. Frits a hérité sa passion pour la physique de son père; comme un garçon il a déjà possédé un arsenal de pots, des creusets, des tubes, qu'il a amassés à grand-peine avec son propre argent de poche, ou a reçus comme des cadeaux de comprendre des fabricants. Au collège d'enseignement général il a excellé dans les sujets scientifiques et a négligé des sujets comme l'histoire et des langues, y compris le grec et le latin, pour lequel plus tard il a été obligé à passer un essai d'inscription D'état pour être entièrement reconnu l'Université.

25. MSN Encarta - Zernike, Frits Already a subscriber? Sign in above. zernike, frits. zernike, frits (18881966),Dutch physicist and Nobel Prize winner. Find more about zernike, frits from, http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761583414/Zernike_Frits.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Subscription Article MSN Encarta Premium: Get this article, plus 60,000 other articles, an interactive atlas, dictionaries, thesaurus, articles from 100 leading magazines, homework tools, daily math help and more for $4.95/month or $29.95/year (plus applicable taxes.) Learn more. This article is exclusively available for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers. Already a subscriber? Sign in above. Zernike, Frits Zernike, Frits (1888-1966), Dutch physicist and Nobel Prize winner. Zernike invented the phase-contrast, or phase, microscope, a microscope that can... Related Items Interference (music) Optics 5 items Multimedia Selected Web Links The Nobel Prize in Physics 1953 1 item Want more Encarta? Become a subscriber today and gain access to: Daily Math Help Literature Guides Researcher Tools Paper-Writing Guides 60,000 + articles Interactive Atlas Magazine Center Find more about Zernike, Frits

26. MSN Encarta - Search Results - Microscope zernike, frits (18881966), Dutch physicist and Nobel Prize winner. zernike inventedthe phase-contrast, or phase, microscope, a microscope that can http://encarta.msn.com/Microscope.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Encarta Search results for "Microscope" Page of 2 next Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers Microscope Article—Encarta Encyclopedia Microscope , instrument used to obtain a magnified image of minute objects or minute details of objects. article outline Introduction Optical Microscopes Special-Purpose Optical Microscopes Electron Microscopes ... Scanning Probe Microscopes related items Electron Microscope inventor of early microscopes Lens, use in microscopes Microbiology, importance of the microscope ... Electron Microscope Article—Encarta Encyclopedia Electron Microscope , microscope that uses electrons instead of visible light to produce highly magnified images of objects. Scientists use electron... Leeuwenhoek, important inventor of early microscopes Article—Encarta Encyclopedia Found in the Leeuwenhoek, Antoni van article Lens, use in microscopes Article—Encarta Encyclopedia Lens (optics) , in optical systems, glass or other transparent substance so shaped that it will refract the light from any object and form a real or...

27. Title Of The Research Project 3.Karl Strehl.. 8. 4.frits zernike.. 10. 5.Andrei Kolmogorov Frederik (frits) zernike was born in Amsterdam in 1888, the son of two mathematics teachers http://www.fuka.com/~kent/THAadaptiveoptics.htm

The History of Adaptive Optics Kent A. Fuka Astronomy Internet Masters Program University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC NSW 1797 Australia Author’s Mailing Address: 10904 Low Bridge Lane Austin, Texas 78750 USA kent@kncl.com May 19, 2002 “For the Air through which we look upon the Stars, is in perpetual Tremor But, these Stars do not twinkle when viewed through large apertures. The only Remedy is a most serene and quiet Air, such as may perhaps be found on the tops of the highest Mountains above the Grosser Clouds.” - Isaac Newton, Opticks (1730) Abstrac t Turbulence in the atmosphere limits the ability of large telescopes to resolve fine details. A technique called Adaptive Optics has been developed over the past 30 years to automatically compensate for the shifting atmosphere. The mathematical model of atmospheric turbulence and the mathematical model of optical aberrations were developed earlier in the 20 th Century. A prescient astronomer first proposed the automatic correction of atmospheric aberrations in 1953, but it took the work of a number of scientists and mathematicians to create of the world’s first adaptive optical telescopes in the early 1970s. This paper reviews the history of adaptive optics, and describes the several significant scientists and mathematicians who developed key enabling concepts in adaptive optics.

28. Zernike, Frits zernike, frits. (18881966). Holandský vedec, nositel Nobelovy ceny za fyziku prorok 1953, kterou dostal za zkonstruování fázove-kontrastního mikroskopu. http://www.aldebaran.cz/famous/people/Zernike_Frits.html

Zernike, Frits Holandský vìdec, nositel Nobelovy ceny za fyziku pro rok 1953, kterou dostal za zkonstruování fázovì-kontrastního mikroskopu. U nìj totiž nebylo zapotøebí zkoumané buòky zabíjet ani je barvit. Zernike získal doktorát v roce 1915 na universitì v Amsterdamu. V roce 1913 se stal asistentem na universitì v Groningenu a setrval tam potom ještì v letech 1920 až 1958 jako profesor. Jeho døívìjší práce v optice se zamìøovala pøedevším na astronomické dalekohledy. Když zkoumal vady optických pøístrojù, pøišel na princip fázovì-kontrastního mikroskopu. Proslavil se tím, že byl schopen rozlišovat svìtelné paprsky procházející skrz prùhledný materiál. V roce 1938 postavil mikroskop, který byl na tomto principu založen. V roce 1952 byl odmìnìn Rumfordovou medailí, kterou pøedávala Královská spoleènost v Londýnì.

29. International: Italiano: Scienze: Fisica: Fisici_e_Ricercatori - Open Site Wilson, Kenneth (0); Wilson, Robert Woodrow (0); Yang, Chen Ning (0);Yukawa, Hideki (0); Zeeman, Pieter (0); zernike, frits (0). Vedi http://open-site.org/International/Italiano/Scienze/Fisica/Fisici_e_Ricercatori/

Open Site The Open Encyclopedia Project Pagina Principale Aggiungi Contenuti Diventa Editore In tutta la Directory Solo in Fisica/Fisici_e_Ricercatori Top International Italiano Scienze ... Fisica : Fisici e Ricercatori Fermi, Enrico Giacconi, Riccardo Marconi, Guglielmo Rubbia, Carlo ... Rayleigh, John William Strutt Vedi anche: International: Italiano: Societ : Strutture Sociali: Persone: Biografie Questa Categoria in: English Questa Categoria ha bisogno di un Editore - Richiedila Open Site Code 0.5.3 JVDS.com Visit our sister sites dmoz.org mozilla.org chefmoz.org musicmoz.org ... modifica

30. Frits Zernike Winner Of The 1953 Nobel Prize In Physics frits zernike, a Nobel Prize Laureate in Physics, at the Nobel PrizeInternet Archive. frits (FREDERIK) zernike. 1953 Nobel Laureate http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/1953a.html

F RITS (F REDERIK ) Z ERNIKE 1953 Nobel Laureate in Physics for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope. Background Residence: the Netherlands Affiliation: Groningen University Featured Internet Links Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors Photograph of Frits Zernike (submitted by ) A celebration of music (submitted by billy Zernike Group Groningen (The Netherlands) (submitted by Pieter Struijk Zernike (submitted by hgy@dds.nl Frits (Frederik) Zernike - Biography (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar Frits Zernike (1888-1966) (submitted by Davis) Nobel Prize in Physics 1953 (submitted by Jackson) Back to The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Literature Peace Chemistry ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

31. Index Of Nobel Laureates In Physics Translate this page Zeeman, Pieter, 1902. zernike, frits, 1953. Back to The Nobel Prize InternetArchive Literature * Peace * Chemistry * Physics * Economics * Medicine http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/alpha.html

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSICS Name Year Awarded Abrikosov, Alexei A. Alferov, Zhores I. Alfven, Hannes Alvarez, Luis W. ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

32. Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics And You - Timeline - Frits Zernike frits zernike was a Dutchborn German mathematician and physicist who discoveredthe phase contrast phenomenon and won a Nobel Prize in 1953. http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/zernike.html

Visit the Molecular Expressions Website Galleria Photo Gallery ... Home Frits Zernike Frits Zernike was a Dutch mathematician and physicist who discovered the phase contrast phenomenon and was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1953. Zernike's parents were both teachers who specialized in mathematics, and his siblings also acquired good educations and prestige, with one brother becoming a physicist, a sister who married the well-known painter Jan Mankes, and another sister that rose to become one of Holland's foremost literary writers. As a young man, Zernike was very interested in physics and chemistry. He accumulated a variety of spare equipment with which he would perform numerous experiments. Zernike was also interested in mathematics, astronomy, and photography, and conducted a number of investigations in these areas. He even dabbled in color photography when the field was largely experimental. Zernike attended the University of Amsterdam in the early 1900s, where he majored in chemistry, with minors in mathematics and physics. While he was an undergraduate, he earned several gold medals for essays on probability and opalescence. Zernike eventually entered the graduate program and received a doctorate in physics in 1915. He became an assistant to professor Kapteyn at Groningen University in 1913, and captured his first teaching assignment in mathematical physics at Groningen in 1915. As a researcher, Zernike flourished and studied a wide range of topics including correlation coefficients for molecules in a liquid, order-disorder theory, and optics.

33. List Of Physics Topics R-Z - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Z. Z boson; Zeeman effect; Zeeman, Pieter; zernike, frits; Zeropointenergy; Zitterbewegung motion; Zone melting; Zweig, George. Edit this http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physics_topics_R-Z

List of physics topics R-Z From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A B C D ... edit R Rabi, Isidor Isaac Radiation Radiation of sound Radiation pressure ... edit S Sakharov, Andrei Dmitrievich Salam, Abdus Felix Savart Scalar ... Synchrotron light (applications) Synchrotron radiation Szilard, Leo edit T T-duality T-symmetry Tachyon Tamm, Igor Yevgenyevich ... Thomson, William (Lord Kelvin) Thought experiment Tide Tidal acceleration Tidal force ... edit U U(1) Ultraviolet catastrophe Uncertainty principle Undulatory theory of light ... edit V Vacuum Vacuum expectation value van der Meer, Simon van der Waals, Johannes ... edit W W and Z bosons W boson Wallis, John Walton, Ernest Thomas Sinton ... edit X X-ray X-ray crystallography X-ray diffraction X-ray fluorescence ... edit Y Yang, Chen Ning Yang-Mills theory Young, Thomas Yukawa, Hideki ... edit Z Z boson Zeeman effect Zeeman, Pieter Zernike, Frits ... Zweig, George Views Article Discussion Edit History Personal tools Log in Navigation Main Page Community portal Current events Recent changes ... Donations Search Toolbox What links here Related changes Special pages This page was last modified 15:39, 19 May 2004. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (see for details).

34. Zernike Biografie van zernike, frits. URLhttp//www.inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/BWN/lemmata/bwn1/zernike0509-2003. zernike, frits (1888-1966). http://www.inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/BWN/lemmata/bwn1/zernike

HOME REACTIE SITEMAP HULP ... VERWIJZINGEN PROJECTMENU Home nieuwe biografieën log in Biografie van Zernike, Frits Onderzoek Projecten Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland zernike Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland . URL:http://www.inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/BWN/lemmata/bwn1/zernike [05-09-2003] ZERNIKE, Frits (1888-1966) Zernike, Frits , hoogleraar in de wiskundige en technische natuurkunde en de theoretische werktuigkunde aan de R.U. te Groningen (Amsterdam 16-7- 1888 - Amersfoort 10-3- 1966 ). Zoon van Carl Friedrich August Zernike, schoolhoofd en pedagoog, en Antje Dieperink. Gehuwd sinds 28-1-1930 met Theodora Willemina van Bommel van Vloten. Uit dit huwelijk werd 1 zoon geboren. Er was 1 dochter uit een eerder huwelijk van zijn echtgenote; haar geslachtsnaam werd gewijzigd in Zernike op 12-6-1944. Echtgenote overleden op 16-2-1945. Hertrouwd sinds 12-2-1954 met Lena Baanders. Uit dit huwelijk waren geen kinderen. Zernike is in Amsterdam opgegroeid in het stimulerende intellectuele milieu van een onderwijzersgezin met zes kinderen, die alle een middelbare of academische opleiding hebben gekregen. Reeds op jeugdige leeftijd bleek zijn grote veelzijdigheid en wetenschappelijke interesse. Hij bezocht de tweede 5-jarige HBS voor jongens in Amsterdam en legde zijn eindexamen af in 1905. Hij studeerde vanaf 1905 scheikunde aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam en legde intussen (1906) het voor universitaire examens vereiste staatsexamen af. Als student beantwoordde hij in 1907 een prijsvraag van de Groninger Universiteit over de waarschijnlijkheidstheorie van het klok en hamerspel. Zijn antwoord werd in 1908 met goud bekroond

35. Lexikon - Frits Zernike Definition Erklärung Bedeutung Translate this page Was Wer Wo ist frits zernike - Definition Erklärung Bedeutung von frits zernike.Logo Net-Lexikon, frits zernike. Definition, Bedeutung, Erklärung im Lexikon. http://www.net-lexikon.de/Frits-Zernike.html

36. Frits Zernike Award For Microlithography - Awards Program - About SPIE - SPIE We Awards Program. frits zernike AWARD FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY. The fritszernike Award for Microlithography will be given for outstanding http://www.spie.org/AboutSPIE/index.cfm?fuseaction=Awards_Microlithography

37. Biography-center - Letter Z html; zernike, frits (Frederik) www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1953/zernikebio.html;Zeus, www.messagenet.com/myths/bios/zeus.html; http://www.biography-center.com/z.html

Visit a random biography ! Any language Arabic Bulgarian Catalan Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hebrew Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Italian Japanese Korean Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Turkish Z 72 biographies Zada, al-Rumi Qadi www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Qadi_Zada.html Zakharchenko, M V- www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Vashchenko.html Zanardi, Alessandro www.grandprix.com/gpe/drv-zanale.html Zanotti, Giampietro www.getty.edu/art/collections/bio/a3532-1.html Zapata, flag.blackened.net/revolt/ws/zapata41.html Zapatero, Jose Luis Rodriguez www.spainview.com/biog21.html Zarankiewicz, Kazimierz www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Zarankiewicz.html Zaremba, Stanislaw www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Zaremba.html Zariski, Oscar www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Zariski.html Zassenhaus, Hans www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Zassenhaus.html Zatopek, Emil

38. MSN Encarta - Zernike, Frits Translate this page zernike, frits. zernike, frits, (1888-1966), physicien néerlandais. Médias. Plusde résultats pour zernike, frits, Autres fonctionnalités Encarta. http://fr.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761583414/Zernike_Frits.html

Accueil MSN Mon MSN Hotmail Rechercher ... S'abonner   Encarta Premium Rechercher Article accessible sur abonnement MSN Encarta Premium : Acc©dez   30 000 articles encyclop©diques avec plus de 12 000 illustrations, un atlas mondial interactif, un guide du Web et une palette compl¨te de ressources et d'outils ©ducatifs. 34,99 € par an (service d’acc¨s   Internet non compris). En savoir plus. Cet article n'est accessible que si vous ªtes abonn©   MSN Encarta Premium. Dans ce cas, connectez-vous en cliquant sur le lien Aller sur MSN Encarta Premium (ci-dessus). Zernike, Frits Zernike, Frits , (1888-1966), physicien n©erlandais. M©dias Encarta vous int©resse ? Abonnez-vous d¨s maintenant et b©n©ficiez de : Plus de 30 000 articles 2 000 analyses d'oeuvre Plus de 12 000 m©dias (dont des extraits sonores, des vid©os et des m©dias interactifs) Un atlas mondial interactif Une palette compl¨te de ressources et d'outils ©ducatifs Un guide du Web Plus de r©sultats pour Zernike, Frits Autres fonctionnalit©s Encarta Rechercher Zernike, Frits

39. Frits Zernike - Encyclopedia Article About Frits Zernike. Free Access, No Regist encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/frits%20(Frederik)%20zernike More results from encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com MSN Encarta zernike, frits - Translate this page zernike, frits. zernike, frits (1888-1966), niederländischer Physiker undNobelpreisträger. Multimedia. Erfahren Sie mehr über zernike, frits aus, http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Frits Zernike

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Frits Zernike Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Frederik Zernike July 16 July 16 is the 197th day (198th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 168 days remaining. Events 1779 - American Revolutionary War: United States forces led by General Anthony Wayne capture Stony Point, New York from British troops. 1783 - Grants of land in Canada to American loyalists announced. 1790 - The signing of the Residence Bill establishes a site along the Potomac River as the District of Columbia (seat of government) of the United States (see Washington, DC). Click the link for more information. Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century Decades: 1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s - Years: 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 - This is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) 1888 is called the Year of Three Emperors in Germany. Events January 3 - 91cm telescope first used at Lick Observatory Click the link for more information. March 10 March 10 is the 69th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (70th in Leap years). There are 296 days remaining.

40. Document: 50 Jahre Nobel Preis Frits Zernike Translate this page zurück. 50 Jahre Nobelpreis an frits zernike für die Phasenkontrastmikroskopie1953 - 2003, Der Bau von Mikroskopen auf wissenschaftlicher http://www.zeiss.com/C12567BE00459794/ContentsWWWIntern/4B3CF7070B9304EFC1256D58

zurück 50 Jahre Nobelpreis an Frits Zernike für die Phasenkontrastmikroskopie 1953 - 2003 Der Bau von Mikroskopen auf wissenschaftlicher Grundlage geht auf die von Ernst Abbe 1873 entwickelte Theorie der Bildentstehung zurück. Mit der Einführung apochromatischer Objektive und der Ölimmersion wurde bereits in diesem frühen Stadium die theoretische Auflösungsgrenze von 200 nm erreicht. In Bezug auf die Beleuchtung und vor allem den Kontrast kommt der hinteren Brennebene des Objektivs eine besondere Bedeutung zu. 1935 veröffentlichte der holländische Physiker Frits Zernike seine Arbeit über die Phasenkontrastmikroskopie. Sie beruhte auf der Erkenntnis des Unterschieds zwischen den von absorbierenden und nicht-absorbierenden Objekten erzeugten Beugungsbildern. Auf Grund der Bedeutung des Verfahrens für biologischen und medizinische Anwendungen erhielt Zernike 1953 den Nobelpreis in Physik. Frits Zernike Nobel Preis in Phasen- kontrastmikroskopie - 1953 Prototyp des Phasen- kontrastmikroskopes nach Siedentopf und Köhler, Jena 1936 Kern einer Speicheldrüse der Larve einer Chironomide K.Michel, 1941, Jena

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