81. History Channel - Speeches - Ralph Bunche, U.S. Diplomat: On The United Nations In 1947, he was appointed to the united nations and subsequently served as an aide roleat the UN, supervising the deployment of UN peacekeeping forces to the http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_407.html

Hear the words that changed the world. From Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "I have a dream" speech to Lou Gehrig's farewell to baseball, our vast collection is drawn from the most famous broadcasts and recordings of the twentieth century. (Reminder: To listen to history being made, you must have RealPlayer installed. If you can't access our audio clips, click here to download RealPlayer.) Ralph Bunche, U.S. diplomat On the United Nations "The business of the United Nations is the controversies of the world. One may be certain therefore that the United Nations will itself always be controversial." Ralph Bunche, a leading American diplomat after World War II, was the first African American to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Born in Detroit in 1904, he studied government and international relations at Harvard University and in 1944 published An American Dilemma

82. UNFPA: News The united nations Department of DPKO is committed to working with our partnersto support HIV/AIDS awareness among our peacekeeping forces, said Michael http://www.unfpa.org/news/news.cfm?ID=186&Language=1

83. Bush Reports To Congress On U.S. Peacekeeping Forces In Balkans by US law, with information on US peacekeeping forces in the Balkans. In his letteraccompanying the report, Bush discussed united nations Security Council http://www.useu.be/Categories/GlobalAffairs/July2202BushBalkans.html

Bush Reports to Congress on U.S. Peacekeeping Forces in Balkans Date July 22, 2002 President Bush on July 22 sent to Congress a supplemental report, mandated by U.S. law, with information on U.S. peacekeeping forces in the Balkans. In his letter accompanying the report, Bush discussed United Nations Security Council Resolution 1423, which authorizes member states to continue the NATO-led Stabilization Force in Bosnia (SFOR) for another 12 months. He also explained why the United States initially vetoed that resolution but later approved it after the Security Council approved Resolution 1422, which has the effect of prohibiting the International Criminal Court (ICC) from commencing any investigation or prosecution of U.S. forces in SFOR for a period of one year. Following is the text of Bush's letter: Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) In my report to the Congress of January 21, 2002, I provided information on the deployment of combat-equipped U.S. Armed Forces to Bosnia and Herzegovina and other states in the region in order to participate in and support the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)-led Stabilization Force (SFOR). The SFOR began its mission and assumed authority from the NATO-led Implementation Force on December 20, 1996. I am providing this supplemental report, prepared by my Administration and consistent with the War Powers Resolution (Public Law 93-148), to help ensure that the Congress is kept fully informed on continued U.S. contributions in support of peacekeeping efforts in the former Yugoslavia.

84. Petition For An Emergency United Nations Resolution On Iraq Petition mobilization and deployment of a united nations Peacekeeping Force in Iraq; the immediateand orderly withdrawal of the occupying forces; the coordination, by http://www.petitiononline.com/MayDay03/petition.html

Petition for an Emergency United Nations Resolution on Iraq View Current Signatures Sign the Petition To: The United Nations and people of good will everywhere Petition for an Emergency United Nations Resolution on Iraq We, the undersigned, Deploring the current invasion and occupation of Iraq by foreign forces as an act of aggression in violation of the United Nations Charter and international law; Deeply concerned by the Security Council's failure to condemn the current invasion and occupation of Iraq; Further concerned about threats and coercive efforts by the United States to influence the votes of others in disregard of clear expressions of popular will and the principles and the Charter of the United Nations on a recent proposal to invoke Resolution 377 (V) Uniting for Peace; Deeply troubled by the humanitarian crisis, violations of human rights, destruction and looting - with irreversible consequences - and recognizing the urgent need for nonpartisan international assistance to the Iraqi people; Call upon the Security Council to ensure that the United Nations plays a central role in restoring peace and security in Iraq. If the Security Council, because of lack of unanimity of the permanent members, fails to act with respect to the following matters relating to international peace and security, then we call upon all Member States of the United Nations to immediately convene an Emergency Meeting of the General Assembly, under the provisions of General Assembly Resolution 377 (V), Uniting for Peace, to act.

85. United Nations Peacekeeping -- Fatalities united nations FATALITY STATISTICS. NOTE Statistics based on available united nations data covering the period 1948 http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko

window.location="http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/dpko/home.shtml"; // > UNITED NATIONS FATALITY STATISTICS NOTE: Statistics based on available United Nations data covering the period 1948 through 2004.* These data are still under review and may therefore contain omissions or errors. * Through 31 January 2004 Prepared by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Last updated 09 February 2004

86. United Nations Peacekeeping: Success Stories and the world community of a strengthened united nations. reducing violence and enablingnations to respond UN Peacekeeping Operations Missions Accomplished. http://www.clw.org/pub/clw/un/unsucess.html

United Nations Peacekeeping: Success Stories The Project on Peacekeeping and the United Nations For half a century, United Nations peacekeeping missions have helped assure a more stable world, enhance emerging democracies, protect human rights, end conflicts, and prevent the spread of war. Though some missions, such as in Somalia and Bosnia, exceed the current capacity of the United Nations, often the U.N. has succeeded in dramatically reducing violence, saving lives, and securing diplomatic solutions to conflict. Each peace operation has a mandate. Typical mandates are to supervise ceasefires and troop withdrawals, observe elections, deliver humanitarian aid, and monitor human rights violations. Successful operations, where the U.N. had the resources and the support it needed to achieve its mandate, illustrate the benefits to both the United States and the world community of a strengthened United Nations. While not a perfect tool, peacekeeping is a proven means of reducing violence and enabling nations to respond to conflict without assuming the risks and costs of acting alone. The following missions are examples of such successes. U.N. Peacekeeping Operations: Missions Accomplished

87. UN Peacekeeping Operations on that law, Japan participated in peacekeeping operations in been dispatching a SelfDefenseForces contingent to the united nations Disengagement Observer http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/un/pamph2000/pko.html

UN Peacekeeping Operations Welcome Ceremony at Zionani Base on the Golan Heights As of 30 June 2000, 86 countries are taking part in UN peacekeeping operations, with a total personnel level of approximately 36,500. In accordance with the International Peace Cooperation Law, Japan has cooperated in peacekeeping operations in Angola, Cambodia, Mozambique, El Salvador, the Golan Heights and East Timor; in international humanitarian relief operations for Rwandan refugees and East Timorese displaced persons; and in international election monitoring activities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Japan Joins UN Peacekeeping Operations Japan, as a responsible member of the international community, has been strenuously working for the maintenance of peace and security. Accordingly, participation in UN peacekeeping operations is today placed as one of Japan's important areas of cooperation for international peace and security. To date, Japan has also made contributions in kind. For example, Japan provided refugee relief materials such as tents and blankets to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) working for Kosovar refugees and East Timorese displaced persons in 1999. In the same year, Japan also provided the United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET) with radios for public information purposes in support of the direct ballot in August 1999. In addition to these field activities, Japan takes an active part in discussions in the United Nations to improve the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations. Japan, for example, has been serving as vice-chair for the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations, the principal UN forum undertaking a comprehensive review of the questions related to peacekeeping operations.

88. DND/CF : Backgrounder : Canadian Forces Contribution To The United Nations Missi Under the ceasefire agreement, the border region would be patrolled by UnitedNations peacekeeping forces and monitored by observers from the OAU. http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/newsroom/view_news_e.asp?id=995

89. Peace Keeping Operations - Foreign Affairs Division united Nation Peace Keeping Operations Peace Keeping Operations, The united Nationsshall consider an arrangement for rapid deployment of peacekeeping forces. http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/foreignaffairs-division/policies/pak-int/pak-un/un-pe

90. United Nations. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 crisis created by the arrears owed by the united States and other nations, a crisisexacerbated by the expense of increased peacekeeping operations. http://www.bartleby.com/65/un/UN.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. United Nations (UN), international organization established immediately after World War II. It replaced the

91. News Room UN is that it is mainly involved in peacekeeping. force either through the UN peacekeepingforces or by is the principal judicial organ of the united nations. http://www.umc-gbcs.org/news/primer.php

Printer-Friendly A United Nations Primer What does the United Nations do? Why is the United Nations necessary? What is the structure of the United Nations? How does the United Methodist Church fit in? ... How can I get involved in the advocacy within the United States for signing and ratification of these important agreements? What does the United Nations do? The United Nations is an international organization of 191 nationstates. It was founded after World War II to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations and promote social progress, better living standards and human rights. One of the great misconceptions about the UN is that it is mainly involved in peacekeeping. In reality, less than 30 per cent of UN activity concerns peace-keeping. The rest is devoted to development and humanitarian assistance. The UN is NOT a world government. It has no standing army, no military assets. It is not an international police force. It does not have the capacity to impose peace by force. It relies on the power of persuasion; the General Assembly can bring the power of world opinion to bear on warring parties. [back to top] Why is the United Nations necessary?

92. Peacekeeping Web Links: Library And Links: Jeannette Rankin Library Program: U.S Policy seeks to understand the use of military, humanitarian, and political forcesin the The Project on Peacekeeping and the united nations From Council http://www.usip.org/library/topics/peacekeeping.html

Topical Resources Peacekeeping Web Links Below are links by topical categories to resources primarily in English that provide substantive content on peacekeeping, peacekeeping operations, and peacebuilding. These include: (1) training of U.S. military personnel, with a particular focus on lessons learned in Bosnia and implications for Kosovo (2) UN peacekeeping issues in Africa and (3) CIVPOL, international civilian police. For related web links, see Regional Resources: Europe , which includes links for Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo and Regional Resources: Africa , which includes links for Democratic Republic of Congo Eritrea Ethiopia and Sierra Leone General Resources and Programs Government Agencies and International Organizations Selected Reports and Publications These links complement four Institute Special Reports: Training U.S. Army Officers for Peace Operations: Lessons from Bosnia Peacekeeping in Africa American Civilian Police in UN Peace Operations Enhancing International Civilian Police in Peace Operations General Resources and Programs The sites below collect links to other Internet resources which describe the background, history and current state of peacekeeping operations.

93. Freitas Do Amaral, P. 2 Of 4 The only troops of the united nations the blue helmets are peacekeepingforces, created by the Security Council and voluntarily supplied by willing http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/UN/freitas2.html

The Changing United Nations: Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley Page 2 of 4: Setting the Record Straight ut of all these spectacular changes which no one had predicted and which almost no one believed they would witness in their lifetime, an extraordinary explosion of hope broke out. A new era of world affairs was announced. Optimism abounded over the possibilities of a multilateral approach to international relations and particularly of implementing a system of collective security centered on the United Nations. The UN's intervention in conflicts around the globe increased significantly. The success of the Gulf War raised expectations to unprecedented levels. A "new world order," an "era of everlasting peace," the "end of history" were announced: there were many prophets and many utopias. But more rapidly than we could have expected, the cold realities of our imperfect world shook us out of any such illusions. The Bosnian and other conflicts dealt a strong blow to these hopes. Today insecurity, fear, and pessimism have to a large extent replaced the previous hopeful visions. In this scenario, the United Nations, the highest symbol of multilateralism, has been subjected to increasing criticism. The so-called failures of Somalia, Rwanda, and Bosnia are regularly called up by detractors of the United Nations as examples of its incapacity to solve conflicts. They believe the United Nations is merely a bloated bureaucracy which costs too much and does too little. Criticism of the United Nations ranges widely: from the serious, which seek to increase the organization's efficiency and effectiveness, to the incredulous, such as "black helicopters" which are supposedly preparing to take over the United States.

94. Thematical Bibliographies : Peacekeeping Forces / Applicability Of LOAC http://www.vbs.admin.ch/internet/gst/KVR/e/biblio2-e-PKF.htm

THEMATICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY MULTINATIONAL FORCES / PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS - APPLICABILITY OF LOAC A. Bouvier, "Guidelines for UN Forces Regarding Respect for International Humanitarian Law", Revue de droit militaire et de droit de la guerre , vol. 36, 1997, pp. 165-168 G. Ch. Braidi, , Berne, thèse de la faculté de droit, 1998 L. Condorelli, "Le Statut des forces de l’ONU et le droit international humanitaire" , Rivista di diritto internazionale, vol. 78, 1995, pp. 888-891 L. Condorelli, "Le Statut des forces des Nations Unies et le droit international humanitaire", in: Les casques bleus : policiers ou combattants ? L. Condorelli, "L'azione dell'ONU e l'applicazione del diritto internazionale umanitario : il "bollettino" del Segretario generale del 6 agosto 1999", Rivista di diritto internazionale, vol. 82, 1999, pp. 1068-1072 Th. Deen, "UN troops will recognise Geneva Convention", Jane's Defense Weekly, Cl. Emanuelli, Les actions militaires de l'Organisation des Nations Unies et le droit international humanitaire, Cl. Emanuelli, "Les forces des Nations Unies et le droit international humanitaire", in:

95. Welcome To Peacekeeping Website http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/dpko/home.shtml

96. Welcome To Www.unficyp.org SecretaryGeneral s Address to the People of Cyprus (Requires Real Player for viewing,to download real player click here www.real.com) Also available in text http://www.unficyp.org/

Secretary-General's Address to the People of Cyprus (Requires Real Player for viewing, to download real player click here www.real.com Also available in text versions: English Greek Turkish Secretary-General's report on the mission of Good Offices in Cyprus ... maps This page is designed and maintained by UNFICYP Information Technology Unit This is not an official UN document.

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