21. Peace 1988 The Nobel Peace Prize 1988. united nations Peacekeeping forces. New united nations Peacekeeping forces. History of Organization Physiology or Medicine. Literature. Peace. Economic Sciences http://www.nobel.se/peace/laureates/1988

The Nobel Peace Prize 1988 United Nations Peacekeeping Forces New York, NY, USA Founded in 1948 The Nobel Peace Prize 1988 Press Release Presentation Speech United Nations Peacekeeping Forces ... Other Resources The 1988 Prize in: Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature ... Economic Sciences Find a Laureate: SITE FEEDBACK CONTACT TELL A FRIEND Last modified June 16, 2000 The Official Web Site of The Nobel Foundation

22. United Nations Peacekeeping Forces united nations Peacekeeping forces,. Norwegian UN peacekeeping troops keepwatch on a ceasefire line in southern Lebanon, 1978. UPI/Corbis-Bettmann. http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/732_87.html

United Nations Peacekeeping Forces, Norwegian UN peacekeeping troops keep watch on a cease-fire line in southern Lebanon, 1978 UPI/Corbis-Bettmann [Video] international forces founded in 1948 by the authority of the United Nations Security Council to help establish or maintain peace in areas of armed conflict. The forces were awarded the 1988 Nobel Prize for Peace for representing the world community's will to employ peaceful methods to resolve conflicts. The Peacekeeping Forces were first organized to monitor a truce between Israel and its Arab neighbours in 1948. Members of the UN Secretariat and a few soldiers stationed themselves in the disputed area of Palestine to observe and report any violations of the truce. As conflicts arose in other parts of the world, such as the discord between India and Pakistan over Kashmir, the UN sent groups of observers and lightly armed military forces. In 1956 , then UN secretary-general, outlined the guidelines for future employment of peacekeeping forces: permission of all disputing parties is required before intervention; negotiation and persuasion are to be used instead of violence; only the UN Security Council may give orders to the Peacekeeping Forces; and all member nations of the UN must financially support the forces. The latter requirement often is not observed because some member nations refuse for political reasons to pay dues for the forces. Despite such problems with unwilling financial supporters, the UN Peacekeeping Forces continue to work toward peace around the world. They are often employed in areas where a cease-fire is established, but no formal peace treaty has yet been signed, or they maintain a buffer zone between disputing parties. The forces' activities since receiving the Nobel Prize have included helping Namibia make its transition to independence in 1989 and serving as a buffer along the Iraq-Kuwait border following the Persian Gulf War in 1991.

23. United Nations --  Encyclopædia Britannica united nations Peacekeeping forces from Thailand at a ceremony marking the transferof control of united nations Peacekeeping forces from Thailand at a http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=115666&tocid=225020&query=defining weapo

24. MSN Encarta - United Nations Peacekeeping Forces Already a subscriber? Sign in above. united nations Peacekeepingforces. Find more about united nations Peacekeeping forces from, http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761596133/United_Nations_Peacekeeping_Forces

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Subscription Article MSN Encarta Premium: Get this article, plus 60,000 other articles, an interactive atlas, dictionaries, thesaurus, articles from 100 leading magazines, homework tools, daily math help and more for $4.95/month or $29.95/year (plus applicable taxes.) Learn more. This article is exclusively available for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers. Already a subscriber? Sign in above. United Nations Peacekeeping Forces United Nations Peacekeeping Forces , agents of the United Nations (UN) who help to maintain or restore peace in regions of conflict. The peacekeeping... Related Items main discussion Angola 61 items Multimedia Selected Web Links United Nations Peacekeeping Operations 1 item Want more Encarta? Become a subscriber today and gain access to: Daily Math Help Literature Guides Researcher Tools Paper-Writing Guides 60,000 + articles Interactive Atlas Magazine Center Find more about United Nations Peacekeeping Forces from Related Items Other Features from Encarta United Nations Bosnia and Herzegovina Vance, Cyrus

25. America Reponds To Terrorism - The United Nations The united nations Fifty Years of Keeping the Peace. In 1995, representatives from 185 countries gathered at the by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain http://www.crf-usa.org/terror/unitednations.htm

Constitutional Rights Foundation America Responds to Terrorism The United Nations: Fifty Years of Keeping the Peace Fifty nations meeting in San Francisco in June 1945 unanimously approved the U.N. Charter. The preamble of the charter set down the most important purpose of the world organization: "We the peoples of the United Nations are determined to save the generations of people yet to come from the horrors of war." After the charter was approved, the delegates rose spontaneously from their seats and cheered. How well has the United Nations kept the peace? Does it deserve our cheers today? Or do we need to rely on different organizations to keep the peace in today's world? The Security Council Under the U.N. Charter, the Security Council is granted the power to "take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security." The Security Council today consists of 15 nations including the five wartime allied powers. The "Big Five" are permanent members of the Council, each with veto power. This means that by voting "no," any one of these nations can stop the Security Council from acting. Other U.N. members take turns filling the remaining 10 seats on the Security Council, but do not have veto power. As a practical matter, the "Big Five" must all agree (or at least not exercise the veto) before the United Nations can act against threats to world peace and security. The assumption in 1945 was that the five major allies in war would continue to work together on the Security Council to enforce the peace. This assumption, however, proved wrong. As the Cold War developed, most of the nations of the world found themselves divided into two camps: the Western powers, led by the United States; and the communist powers, led by the Soviet Union. Most nations not aligned with either camp were in the Third World, the developing nations of Africa and Asia.

26. MSN Encarta - United Nations As peacekeeping operations have expanded, they have required more and more money.See united nations Peacekeeping forces. A, 1, The First Peacekeeping Mission. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761564986_2/United_Nations.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items Economic and Social Council General Assembly more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Editors' Picks United Nations News Search MSNBC for news about United Nations Internet Search Search Encarta about United Nations Search MSN for Web sites about United Nations Also on Encarta Editor's picks: Good books about Iraq Compare top online degrees What's so funny? The history of humor Also on MSN Summer shopping: From grills to home decor D-Day remembered on Discovery Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement Page 2 of 3 United Nations Multimedia 12 items Article Outline Introduction Purposes of the United Nations Creation of the United Nations Structure of the United Nations ... Crisis of Funding and Future Prospects D Economic and Social Council The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) works under the authority of the General Assembly to coordinate the economic and social work of the UN. ECOSOC has 54 member countries elected by the General Assembly for three-year terms. ECOSOC coordinates studies and recommends actions on international topics such as medicine, education, economics, and social needs. It oversees the work of a large number of programs and agencies. It operates mainly through various standing committees, functional commissions, and regional commissions. There are five regional commissions that look at how the UN’s programs in a particular region are working together. There are nine functional commissions that deal with topics such as population growth, narcotics trafficking, human rights, and the status of women. Other committees work on topics relevant to several UN programs, such as crime prevention, public finance, natural resources, science, and geographical names.

27. Darwin United Nations Peace Keeping Forces Plaque War Memorials in Australia. Darwin united nations Peace Keeping ForcesPlaque. Place Darwin, Northern Territory, 0800 District Darwin http://www.skp.com.au/memorials/pages/80079.htm

War Memorials in Australia Darwin United Nations Peace Keeping Forces Plaque Place: Darwin, Northern Territory, 0800 District: Darwin-Daly Orientation: Territory capital Location: Adjacent to Darwin Cenotaph, Bicentennial Park, off Esplanade between Herbert Street and Knuckey Street Position: 12 28 00 S 130 50 39 E Ref: 80079 The plaque is one of a series commemorating various units who served in Darwin during World War II. They are set at ground level next to a fence overlooking the harbour and in close proximity to Darwin Cenotaph. Insignia of United Nations "IN THE SERVICE OF PEACE" THIS PLAQUE IS DEDICATED TO THOSE WHO SERVED WITH THE UNITED NATIONS PEACE KEEPING FORCES 24 OCTOBER 1994 Information current to May 2000 PREVIOUS HOME SEARCH DESCRIPTIONS ... NEXT

28. Kofi Annan - Jit Trainor Lecture - "The Future Of United Nations Peacekeeping But, although authorized by the Security Council, they are not united Nationspeacekeeping forces, in the sense that they do not wear blue helmets. http://www.clw.org/pub/clw/un/annan2-23.html

Following is the address of Secretary-General Kofi Annan focusing on the theme "The Future of United Nations Peacekeeping" upon receiving the Jit Trainor Award for Distinction in the Conduct of Diplomacy, at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., on February 23, 1999: Thank you, Don, and Father O'Donovan, for those very kind words. I am greatly flattered by what you have said and greatly honoured to become the eighteenth recipient of the Jit Trainor award. I am more than happy to speak to you this evening about United Nations peacekeeping. As Don has mentioned, I was head of the United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations for four years before I became Secretary-General. It was a very exciting time and, on the whole, a very inspiring one. So the subject has remained close to my heart. The United Nations can, I think, fairly claim to have invented both the word and the concept of peacekeeping, but it did so by improvising in response to specific situations and events. Not surprisingly, therefore, peacekeeping has evolved over time, and has taken different forms as it adapted to different circumstances. Since the end of the cold war, our operations have became more ambitious and more complex. Almost without exception, the new conflicts which have erupted since 1991 have been civil ones. Although, often, there is outside interference, the main battle is between people who are, or were, citizens of the same State. This has obliged the United Nations to redefine the tasks that peacekeeping involves.

29. United Nations Peacekeeping FOR united nations PEACEKEEPING. by Beth K. Lamont November 25, 2000. THE nightmareof human disaster in Rwanda in 1994, after UN Peacekeeping forces withdrew http://www.corliss-lamont.org/hsmny/peacekeeping.htm

Humanist Society of Metropolitan New York The Corliss Lamont Chapter of the American Humanist Association United Nations Peacekeeping T HE N EW M ANDATE F OR U NITED N ATIONS P EACEKEEPING by Beth K. Lamont November 25, 2000 T HE nightmare of human disaster in Rwanda in 1994, after UN Peacekeeping Forces withdrew, shocked us into questioning the whole concept of peacekeeping. What's a peacekeeper to do when there is no peace to keep? What good are peacekeepers if they can't protect people? The mandate to treat opposing parties with impartiality is ludicrous when one party is clearly the aggressor and the other is clearly the victim. The mandate itself is flawed. How could a witness stand by and remain impartial? It would amount to stifling one's own sense of moral outrage, and in effect, condoning the killing. How absurd to consider expressing impartiality. Would we urge the aggressors to stop killing and urge the victims to stop dying? Insanity! Aggression is aggression is aggression! There's no getting around this fact, no matter how strongly felt one's cause is, or how justified one's actions are believed to be, those actions must stop short of violence! Long standing human struggles against oppressors around the world, and smoldering enmities that are whipped into flame, are tests of endurance and restraint. Wisdom is perhaps the most essential value, as expressed in these brave and discerning words: "There are many just causes for which I would die, but not a single one for which I would kill."

30. Lester B. Pearson & The United Nations As Peacekeepers or Somalia or Rwanda in the 1990s, Canadians have shared widely in the peacekeepingwork of the united nations. In fact, UN peacekeeping forces are very much http://collections.ic.gc.ca/heirloom_series/volume4/228-229.htm

The United Nations As Peacekeepers Planting Seeds For World Peace From Cyprus or the Congo in the 1960s to Yugoslavia or Somalia or Rwanda in the 1990s, Canadians have shared widely in the peacekeeping work of the United Nations. In fact, UN peacekeeping forces are very much the product of a Canadian initiative taken by Lester B. Pearson, then Canada’s Minister for External Affairs, during the Suez Canal crisis of 1956. Pearson had been president, in 1952, of the United Nations General Assembly and later became Canada’s Prime Minister (1963-1968). This historic view portrays Lester B. Pearson, Canada's Minister of External Affairs (and future Prime Minister, 1963-68), receiving the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize, in Norway, from Gunnar Jahn, Chairman, Nobel Committee (1942-66) [NAC/PA 114544] In October 1956, Israeli troops backed by Britain and France attacked the key Suez Canal area, which Egypt had earlier seized. Faced with a situation that threatened to disrupt the alliance of Western powers — or even lead to world war — Pearson proposed a United Nations Emergency Force to stabilize the danger zone and offered Canadian troops to serve in such a collective force. Working through its secretary-general, Dag Hammarskjold, he succeeded in getting the UN to adopt his bold proposal. The UNEF thus quickly came into being under the command of Canadian General Eedson L.M. Burns; a Canadian contingent was a permanent inclusion. Despite difficulties, this UN Force succeeded in restoring order. Pearson, for his efforts, received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957. Above all, a major instrument had been added to the UN’s global operations, one for which Canada, today, deserves a large portion of the credit.

31. Howstuffworks "How The United Nations Works" For example Peacekeeping operations are sponsored by the united nations. Currently,the UN has peacekeeping forces in more than a dozen different countries http://people.howstuffworks.com/united-nations.htm

ComputerStuff AutoStuff ElectronicsStuff ScienceStuff ... PeopleStuff Top Subjects Fireworks Nostradamus Nuclear Power Tattoos Sponsored By: Categories Culture Good Will Government Public Works ... Browse the People Library Explore Stuff Lidrock.com Big List of Articles Get the Newsletter Search HSW and the Web Search Google Main People Good Will How the United Nations Works by Marshall Brain Table of Contents Introduction to How the United Nations Works What is the U.N.? Organization Funding Lots More Information UN/DPI Photo. Photo by A. Brizzi Flags of U.N. member states at headquarters in New York You hear about the United Nations (U.N.) constantly in the news, although you might not always realize it. For example: "Peacekeeping" operations are sponsored by the United Nations. Currently, the U.N. has peacekeeping forces in more than a dozen different countries including Sierra Leone, Ethiopia, India, Pakistan, Cyprus and Lebanon ( full list There have been U.N. weapons inspectors in and out of Iraq for a dozen years. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is a U.N. agency that inspects the nuclear programs of nations to ensure that nuclear materials are not being diverted for military use.

32. Peacekeeping Most often peacekeeping is done by military personnel. Often these forces areorganized and sponsored by the united nations and/or regional http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/treatment/pkeeping.htm

International Online Training Program On Intractable Conflict Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, USA Peacekeeping Opening Page Glossary Menu Shortcut Page Since peacekeeping principles are most generally applied to violent or at least potentially violent confrontations, this topic will be discussed first. We will then show how these basic principles can be extended to include non-violent types of force. Most often peacekeeping is done by military personnel. In international conflicts it is done with a neutral, usually multi-national force. Often these forces are organized and sponsored by the United Nations and/or regional organizations such as the Organization of American States (OAS) or the Organization of African Unity (OAU). Typically, the forces are lightly or entirely unarmedthey work through persuasion and moral force, not physical force. Their job is to monitor cease-fires, patrol demilitarized zones, and to create buffer zones between fighting forces, so that the fighting will stop. Sometimes they are assisted by other, non-military personnel such as police offers, humanitarian aid workers, and/or citizen diplomats and peace workers. Since they are only lightly armed, peacekeepers cannot succeed unless the warring parties want to stop fighting. If they do not, there is little peacekeepers can do. If they stay in between the groups, they are likely to get killed. In this case, the sponsoring organization needs to withdraw the peacekeepers, and consider undertaking what is called "an enforcement action" instead, where well-armed troops move in to stop a war. (This occurred in Gulf war, in Somalia, Rwanda, Haiti, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Albania, for example.)

33. Kashmir: The Problem Of United Nations Peacekeeping Contributing ToPolitical Sta Kashmir The Problem of united nations Peacekeeping Contributing to princedoms wereabsorbed into the new nations. Pakistani forces promptly invaded Kashmir. http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/example/kash7317.htm

Kashmir: The Problem of United Nations Peacekeeping Contributing to Political Stasis' Felicity Volk Felicity Volk, "Kashmir: The Problem of United Nations Peacekeeping Contributing to Political Stasis'," chap. in Building International Community, Kevin Clements and Robin Ward, eds. (St. Leonards, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1994) pp. 288-301. The Kashmir conflict began with the 1947 partition of the Indian subcontinent into the independent states of India and Pakistan. A number of formerly independent princedoms were absorbed into the new nations. However, Kashmir refused to accede to either nation, hoping instead to remain independent. Pakistani forces promptly invaded Kashmir. Kashmir acceded to Indian rule in exchange for military aid in repelling the Pakistanis and quelling domestic rebellion. Nevertheless, Pakistani forces retained control over the western third of Kashmir. The western territory renamed itself Azar Kashmir, and acceded to Pakistan. Since that time the UN has twice brokered cease-fires, although the cease-fire agreements were frequently violated. The UN has put forth a number of resolutions aimed at ending the armed conflict, removing Indian and Pakistani troops from Kashmir, and resolving the Kashmir question by plebiscite. To date there has been no successful resolution of the issue. India and Pakistan are at a military stalemate along the Line of Control, a boundary which was established by bilateral negotiations in the Simla Agreement of 1972. A relatively small team of UN observers oversees Indian and Pakistani compliance with the cease-fire.

34. Overseas Service - The Irish Defence Forces in peacekeeping operations has promoted a positive image of Ireland and it s DefenceForces both within the international community at the united nations and http://www.military.ie/overseas/irl_un.htm

INTRODUCTION OVERSEAS SERVICE CAREERS CONTACT US ... HOME OVERSEAS SERVICE Overseas Service Home Page Ireland and the United Nations The Peacekeeper ... Mission Strengths Overseas Service IRELAND AND THE UNITED NATIONS Ireland became a member of the United Nations in 1955. Since 1958, the Defence Forces has had a continuous presence on peacekeeping missions, mainly in the Middle East. However, in recent years, following the end of the cold war, Irish Defence Forces personnel have also found themselves in many other parts of the globe as peacekeepers. Personnel have served as observers in Central America, Russia, former Yugoslavia, Cambodia, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Kuwait, Namibia, Western Sahara , South Africa and East Timor. This extensive Irish participation in peacekeeping is regarded in very positive terms both by the Government and the Defence Forces. Indeed, in September 1993 the Government restated the roles of the Defence Forces and defined one of them as being: "To participate in United Nations missions in the cause of international peace"

35. Overseas Service - The Irish Defence Forces in order to ensure high standards of performance by Defence forces personnel on peacekeepingmissions primarily, but not exclusively, with the united nations. http://www.military.ie/overseas/untsi.htm

INTRODUCTION OVERSEAS SERVICE CAREERS CONTACT US ... HOME OVERSEAS SERVICE Overseas Service Home Page Ireland and the United Nations The Peacekeeper ... Mission Strengths Overseas Service UNTSI - THE UNITED NATIONS TRAINING SCHOOL IRELAND UNTSI (The United Nations Training School Ireland) was established in 1993 as a school of the Military College with the principle aim of ensuring that the Defence Forces training for peacekeeping would be of the highest standards in all aspects of today's complex peace support operations. UNTSI is also a centre which draws on the exceptional range of experience gained by Irish peacekeeping soldiers on many missions world-wide. The mission of the school, therefore, is: to study developments in peacekeeping in all its forms; to develop peacekeeping doctrine and to conduct training courses and seminars on peacekeeping in order to ensure high standards of performance by Defence Forces personnel on peacekeeping missions primarily, but not exclusively, with the United Nations. UNTSI regularly carries out the following courses: Mission specific training of Military Observers for all Irish supported peacekeeping missions world-wide.

36. World Affairs: United States Policy On United Nations Peacekeeping Peacekeeping has been traditionally understood in the UN context b) neutrality ofthe UN forces deployed; and why they are not favored at the united nations. http://articles.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2393/is_3_163/ai_69752065

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); Advanced Search Home Help IN all publications this publication News Automotive Business Computing Entertainment Health News Reference Sports YOU ARE HERE Articles World Affairs Wntr, 2001 Content provided in partnership with Print friendly Tell a friend Find subscription deals United States Policy on United Nations Peacekeeping World Affairs Wntr, 2001 by John R. Bolton CASE STUDIES IN THE CONGO, SIERRA LEONE, ETHIOPIA-ERITREA, KOSOVO, AND EAST TIMOR Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee, I wish to thank you for inviting me to testify before you this morning on United States policy toward United Nations peacekeeping operations, and how decision making by the present Administration conforms to its own announced standards in several specific contexts. I have a prepared statement that I ask be included in the record, and that I will summarize, and I would then be pleased to answer any questions the Committee might have. UN PEACEKEEPING IN THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION President Clinton signed Presidential Decision Directive 25 ("PDD 25") for "U.S. Policy on Reforming Multilateral Peace Operations" on May 3, 1994. Unclassified versions of PDD 25, which had been under discussion within the Administration from its outset, were released subsequently.(1) I understand that the General Accounting Office has conducted an evaluation of the Administration's compliance with PDD as written, and I will not attempt to duplicate that here. Instead, I will examine briefly some of the flaws inherent in PDD-25 as written, and as are currently being demonstrated even as we meet here this morning in a number of ongoing or contemplated UN operations. This is obviously a complex subject, which we can analyze only summarily today, but the Committee's continuing interest in this subject is extremely important and worthwhile.(2)

37. AllRefer Reference - India - Maldives - United Nations Peacekeeping Forces | Ind the region to support a friendly regime. united nations Peacekeepingforces. Indian armed forces personnel have been involved in http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/india/india191.html

You are here allRefer Reference India History ... India India Maldives In 1988, the Indian Army experienced a small success in squashing an attempted coup in Maldives, 600 kilometers south of India in the Indian Ocean. Maldivian minister of foreign affairs Fathullah Jameel had called Rajiv Gandhi (India's prime minister from 1984 to 1989) at 5:30 a.m. on November 3, 1988 to request India's assistance. By 9:00 a.m. the same morning, India's Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs had been convened. At noon the same day, the committee gave its approval for military support to the regime of President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom. Later in the day, the first Indian troops were airlifted from a military base at Agra, Uttar Pradesh. Some 1,600 Indian troops were dispatched within hours. During the next three days, the mercenaries involved in the attempted coup were rounded up by Indian troops who had parachuted in. The Indian navy also effectively blocked maritime escape routes the coup leaders might have taken. The operation was completed by November 6. Three important inferences can be made from this successful attempt at force projection. First, it demonstrated that sufficient interservice cooperation existed to allow the armed forces to respond rapidly to political directives. Second, it showed the capability of the armed forces to airlift troops regionally at short notice. And third, it demonstrated the willingness of the Indian political leadership to use its military strength in the region to support a friendly regime.

38. AllRefer Reference - Finland - United Nations Peacekeeping Activities | Finnish Finland has taken an active role in united nations (UN) peacekeeping matters as a almostinvariably been welcomed as elements of UN peacekeeping forces by the http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/finland/finland178.html

You are here allRefer Reference Finland History ... Finland Finland UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING ACTIVITIES Within a year after its admission to the UN in 1955, Finland sent a reinforced rifle company of 250 men as part of the UN Emergency Force (UNEF) based in Egypt for service in the Sinai and the Gaza Strip. In 1964 a reinforced battalion with a strength of 1,000 men was attached to the UN Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP). It was composed of five light infantry companies and a support company, armed with rifles, machine pistols, light machine guns, mortars, and bazookas. Later Finnish contingents were organized and equipped in similar fashion, with the addition of a vehicle repair unit, a field hospital, and most transport, signal, and housing requirements. Finnish units served from 1973 to 1979 in a buffer zone between Israel and Egypt in the Suez Canal area as part of the UN Emergency Force II (UNEF II), after which the contingent was transferred to the Golan Heights between Israeli and Syrian forces as part of the UN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF). Beginning in 1982, a Finnish battalion was assigned to serve with the UN Interim Force (UNIFIL) in southern Lebanon. As of late 1988, about 1,000 members of the Finnish armed forces were serving on peacekeeping missions. In addition to the UNIFIL battalion, they were assigned as cease-fire observers in Cyprus, along the India-Pakistan border, in the Sinai, on the Golan Heights between Israel and Syria, in the Persian Gulf, and in Afghanistan. Finland was also committed to contribute to the UN peacekeeping force to be sent to Namibia.

39. United Nations Resolutions Against Israel 1955-1992 Israel s lack of cooperation with UN peacekeeping forces . on Israel to withdraw;its forces from Lebanon that Israel has defied the united nations and deported http://www.middleeastnews.com/unresolutionslist.html

www.MiddleEastNews.com www.MiddleEastNews.com A List of United Nations Resolutions A List of UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS against Israel A list of UN Resolutions against "Israel" * Resolution 106: " . . . 'condemns' Israel for Gaza raid". * Resolution 111: " . . . ' condemns' Israel for raid on Syria that killed fifty-six people". * Resolution 127: " . . . 'recommends' Israel suspends it's 'no-man's zone' in Jerusalem". * Resolution 162: " . . . 'urges' Israel to comply with UN decisions". * Resolution 171: " . . . determines flagrant violations' by Israel in its attack on Syria". * Resolution 228: " . . . 'censures' Israel for its attack on Samu in the West Bank, then under Jordanian control". * Resolution 237: " . . . 'urges' Israel to allow return of new 1967 Palestinian refugees". * Resolution 248: " . . . 'condemns' Israel for its massive attack on Karameh in Jordan". * Resolution 250: " . . . 'calls' on Israel to refrain from holding military parade in Jerusalem". * Resolution 251: " . . .

40. With No Peace To Keep is a comprehensive report on the united nations mission in the largest and most ambitiouspeacekeeping operation in confronted the UN Peace forces since their http://www.haverford.edu/relg/sells/no_peace.html

With No Peace to Keep United Nations Peacekeeping And The War In The Former Yugoslavia With No Peace To Keep... United Nations Peacekeeping And The War In The Former Yugoslavia Published by Grainpress Ltd, 1995 * ISBN 9527114 00 "With No Peace to Keep..." is a comprehensive report on the United Nations mission in the former Yugoslavia, the largest and most ambitious peacekeeping operation in the history of the world organization. Twenty one contributions written by international analysts and experts examine the key issues which have confronted the UN Peace Forces since their deployment in 1992. Edited by: George Stamkoski and Ben Cohen Publisher: Grainpress Ltd. (184 pp) First publication date: December 1995 Distribution: Media East West Ltd To order copies of: "With No Peace to Keep..." please send a check for 10.00 pounds + 1.50 UK postage (in pounds sterling) made out to Media East West at: Four Panton Street, London SW1Y 4DL, United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 171 - 930 5363, Fax: +44 (0) 171 - 839 1228, email: icu@gn-apcorg

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