87. Sadat, Anwar El-
sadat, anwar el, Copyright Rene BurriMagnum Videoin full MUHAMMAD anwar el-sadat, el-sadat also spelled AS-sadat (b. Dec. 25, 1918, Mit Abu al-Kum, al-Minufiyah governorate, Egyptd. Oct.
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Sadat, Anwar el-, Sadat, 1974 [Video] in full MUHAMMAD ANWAR EL-SADAT, el-Sadat also spelled AS-SADAT (b. Dec. 25, 1918, Mit Abu al-Kum, al-Minufiyah governorate, Egyptd. Oct. 6, 1981, Cairo), Egyptian army officer and politician who was president of Egypt from 1970 until his death. He initiated serious peace negotiations with Israel, an achievement for which he shared the 1978 Nobel Prize for Peace with Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin . Under their leadership, Egypt and Israel made peace with each other in 1979. Sadat graduated from the Cairo Military Academy in 1938. During World War II he plotted to expel the British from Egypt with the help of the Germans. The British arrested and imprisoned him in 1942, but he later escaped. In 1950 he joined Gamal Abdel Nasser's Free Officers organization; he participated in their armed coup against the Egyptian monarchy in 1952 and supported Nasser's election to the presidency in 1956. Sadat held various high offices that led to his serving in the vice presidency (1964-66, 1969-70). He became acting president upon Nasser's death on Sept. 28, 1970, and was elected president in a plebiscite on October 15. Sadat's domestic policies included decentralization and diversification of the economy and relaxation of Egypt's political structure. It was in foreign affairs that Sadat made his most dramatic efforts. Feeling that the Soviet Union gave him inadequate support in Egypt's continuing confrontation with Israel, he expelled thousands of Soviet technicians and advisers from the country in 1972. The following year he launched, with Syria, a joint invasion of Israel that began the Arab-Israeli war of October 1973. The Egyptian army achieved a tactical surprise in its attack on the Israeli-held Sinai Peninsula, and, though Israel successfully counterattacked, Sadat came out of the war with greatly enhanced prestige as the first Arab leader to actually retake some territory from Israel. | |
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