81. Pathological Science no. 4). langmuir, irving (transcribed and ed., Robert N. Hall). Pathologicalscience. Physics Today 42 (Oct. 1989) 3648. Park, Robert http://skepdic.com/pathosc.html

Robert Todd Carroll SkepDic.com Click to order from Amazon pathological science "Pathological science" is a term coined by Nobel-laureate in chemistry Irving Langmuir in a presentation he made at General Electric's Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory a few years before his death in 1957. Langmuir described typical cases as involving such things as barely detectable causal agents observed near the threshold of sensation which are nevertheless asserted to have been detected with great accuracy. The supporters offer fantastic theories that are contrary to experience and meet criticisms with ad hoc excuses. And, most telling, only supporters can reproduce the results. Critics can't duplicate the experiments. He gave several examples, including ESP experiments and Blondlot's N-rays , and stated that These are cases where there is no dishonesty involved but where people are tricked into false results by a lack of understanding about what human beings can do to themselves in the way of being led astray by subjective effects, wishful thinking or threshold interactions. These are examples of pathological science. These are things that attracted a great deal of attention. Usually hundreds of papers have been published on them. Sometimes they have lasted for 15 or 20 years and then gradually have died away. Langumuir visited J.B. Rhine's lab at Duke University where Rhine was claiming results of ESP experiments that could not be predicted by chance and were probably due to some sort of psychic power. Langmuir found that Rhine was not counting all his data, however. He was leaving out the scores of those he believed were guessing their

82. Nat'l Academies Press, Biographical Memoirs (1974), Irving Langmuir OCR for page 228 irving langmuir January 31, 1881August 16, 1957 BY C. GUY SUITSAND MILES J. MARTIN FEW SCIENTISTS, in either university or industry, have http://books.nap.edu/books/0309022398/html/227.html

Read more than 3,000 books online FREE! More than 900 PDFs now available for sale HOME ABOUT NAP CONTACT NAP HELP ... ORDERING INFO Items in cart [0] TRY OUR SPECIAL DISCOVERY ENGINE Questions? Call 800-624-6242 Biographical Memoirs V.45 National Academy of Sciences ( NAS CHAPTER SELECTOR: Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-iv Table of Contents, pp. v-vi Preface, pp. vii-x Harold Delos Babcock, pp. 1-21 Irving Widmer Bailey, pp. 22-59 Edward Wilber Berry, pp. 60-100 Marston Taylor Bogert, pp. 101-132 Paul Sophus Epstein, pp. 133-160 Herbert McLean Evans, pp. 161-202 Victor Kuhn LaMer, pp. 203-226 Irving Langmuir, pp. 227-261 Joseph Hoover Mackin, pp. 262-277 Elmer Verner McCollum, pp. 278-352 George Richards Minot, pp. 353-401 Carl Richard Moore, pp. 402-431 James Flack Norris, pp. 432-447 Oscar Riddle, pp. 448-488 Acknowledgments for Photographs, pp. 489-490 GO TO PAGE: TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PRINTABLE PDF PAGE CHAPTER PAGE SEARCH THIS BOOK: PURCHASE OPTIONS HARDBACK list: web: Find More Like This Chapter Related Books: Biographical Memoirs V.47 (1975)

83. TIME Magazine Cover: Dr. Irving Langmuir - Aug. 28, 1950 Dr. irving langmuir Aug. 28, 1950, previous week s cover following week scover. Buy framable cover reprint. Search Categories Science, Physics. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/archive/covers/0,16641,1101500828,00.html

Conference TIME/ABC News Obesity Summit View the live webcast Search Covers Articles Since 1985 Current Issue Past 30 Days -Top Searches- Iraq George W. Bush U.S. Military al-Qaeda Osama bin Laden Dr. Irving Langmuir Aug. 28, previous week's cover following week's cover Buy framable cover reprint Search Categories: Science Physics Search for this issue Quick Links: Home Nation World Business ... Archive Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. Subscribe Customer Service Help Site Map ... Try AOL for 1000 Hours FREE! EDITIONS: TIME Europe TIME Asia TIME Pacific TIME Canada ... TIME For Kids

84. Chemistry - Links For Chemists - Topics - Biographies Kuhn, Richard; Kwolek, Stephanie @ J. Chem. Ed. US; Lambert, JohannHeinrich @ Bartleby.com US; Landriani, Marsilio IT; langmuir, irving http://www.liv.ac.uk/Chemistry/Links/refbiog.html

Links for Chemists Chemistry section of the WWW Virtual Library Virtual Library Science Chemistry : Biographies of Famous Chemists Unless otherwise stated, the biographies listed below are provided and listed with the kind permission of the The Nobel Foundation . If you know of any biographies of Chemists or scientists whose work has advanced chemistry, that we do not list, please inform us via our comments form Afzelius, Jan Alder, Kurt US @ St. Andrews UK Anfinsen, Christian B Arrhenius, Svante August Arrhenius, Svante August Arrhenius, Svante August IL Arrhenius, Svante August Arfwedson, Johan August Astbury, William T. @ Leeds UK Aston, Francis William Avogadro, Lorenzo Romano AMADEO Carlo, comte de Quaregna et de Ceretto Avogadro, Amedeo FR Avogadro, Amadeo @ Torino IT Avogadro, Amadeo US Baekeland, Leo Hendrik @ Time Magazine US von Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf Barton, Sir Derek Harold Richard Balmer, Johann Jakob @ St Andrews UK Beckman, Arnold Orville IL Beer, August Bequerel, Henri Antoine Bequerel, Henri Antoine Bequerel, Henri Antoine @ LeMoyne US Bequerel, Henri Antoine

85. Irving Langmuir - Wikipedia Translate this page irving langmuir. Die Texte stammen aus der Wikipedia - Dies ist nichtdie Wikipedia. enirving langmuir. irving langmuir (* 31. Januar http://www.torfkopp.de/keyword/Irving_Langmuir.php

Nicht angemeldet Anmelden Hilfe Irving Langmuir Die Texte stammen aus der Wikipedia - Dies ist nicht die Wikipedia en:Irving Langmuir Irving Langmuir 31. Januar 16. August in Woods Hole, Massachusetts ) war ein US-amerikanischer Chemiker und Physiker Nach seinem Abschluss (Bachelor of Science, B.S.) an der Columbia University School in Mines arbeitete er im Chemielabor von Nobelpreisträger Walter Nernst in Göttingen und erlangte einen Doktor der Naturwissenschaften Anschließend lehrte Langmuir bis am Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey, danach im General Electrics Forschungslabor (Schenectady, New York). Während seiner Zeit dort erweiterte er mehrere Theorien in der Physik und Chemie, entwickelte die Kondensations-Quecksilbervakuumpumpe, die gasgefüllte Wolfram-Glühlampe, zahlreiche Vakuum -Radioröhren und ein Verfahren zum Schweißen mit atomaren Wasserstoff (Langmuir-Fackel). Er prägte die Begriff Plasma und Elektronentemperatur und entwickelte die Langmuir-Sonde, die zur Messung der Elektronentemperatur verwendet werden konnte. wurde ihm der Nobelpreis für Chemie für seine Arbeit im Bereich Oberflächenchemie verliehen.

86. AAAS History And Archives irving langmuir. 1881 1957. Physical Chemistry Research, Research Laboratoryof General Electric. Won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1932. http://archives.aaas.org/people.php?p_id=145

87. A ESSÊNCIA DE IRVING LANGMUIR Translate this page A QUINTESSÊNCIA DE irving langmuir. Marcos Gugliotti (PG). palavras-chaveirving langmuir, físico-química de superfície, ciência na indústria. http://www.sbq.org.br/ranteriores/23/resumos/0088/

Marcos Gugliotti (PG) palavras-chave: Irving Langmuir foi o primeiro químico não-acadêmico (e o segundo americano) a receber o Prêmio Nobel, em 1932, "por suas excepcionais descobertas e invenções no campo da Química de Superfície". Suas contibuições à Físico-Química de Superfície, sem a menor dúvida, justificam o prêmio recebido. No entanto, o que infelizmente é pouco notado (principalmente pelos químicos), o trabalho de Langmuir atingiu diversos campos da ciência, com importância fundamental, passando pelo estudo do átomo , estabelecendo Langmuir como o pioneiro na Química de Superfície Moderna. Neste estudo, Langmuir descreve a importância de reações em camadas monomoleculares, contrariando a idéia geral até então adotada. Deste trabalho também surgiu a expressão matemática que relaciona a concentração superficial em função da pressão na fase gasosa, hoje conhecida como "Isoterma de Adsorção de Langmuir". Em 1916 e 1917, Langmuir publicou dois artigos monumentais sobre as propriedades fundamentais dos sólidos e líquidos 1) William B. Jensen, "Adegg, Lewis, Langmuir, and the Octet Rule

88. Library Of Congress (H-Q) langmuir, irving. (18811957). 32,000 items. The papers of irving langmuir werereceived by the Library of Congress in 1958 as a bequest of Dr. langmuir. http://www.colby.edu/sts/97guide/loc_hq.html

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, MANUSCRIPT DIVISION (H-Q) HAZARD, EBENEZER. 1744-1817. U.S. Postmaster General, antiquarian, and historian. Collection, 1492-1832. 1977 items. Forms part of the Peter Force Papers (Series 8B). In part, transcripts. Available on microfilm. Prominent individuals represented in the collection include Benjamin Franklin. Also included are papers, 1790-1830, of Hazard's son, Samuel (1784-1870) containing meteorological journals, and papers relating to the U.S. Military Academy. Finding aid in the Library. Purchase, 1867. 77-25452. NUCMC MS78-1731. HILDEBRANDT, ALFRED LOUIS HEINRICH. 1870-?. German author on aeronautical subjects, pioneer in aviation, and the first European to support the experiments of the Wright Brothers. Papers, 1826-1940. The collection is exceptionally rich in material on German aviation, spanning the time of balloon experiments to the period of the airplane's development at the time of World War II. It includes material on aviation sports, inventions, laws, meteorology, aviation societies, transportation, and other activities in addition to personal papers and data on subsidiary areas in aeronautics. Correspondents of Hildebrandt include Patrick Alexander, Ernst Damm, Hans Ravenstein, Graf Ferdinand von Zeppelin, Karl Scheimpflug, Octave Chanute, Gilbert Feldhaus, and Albert, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Glucksburg. 81-25916. HOFFMAN, CHARLES.

89. Encyclopedia: Irving Langmuir Updated Jan 03, 2004. Encyclopedia irving langmuir. irving langmuirwas an American chemist and physicist. Born January 31, 1881 http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Irving-Langmuir

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #3 Andorrans live the longest , four years longer than in neighbouring France and Spain Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Added May 21 Mortality stats Multi-users ½ price Catholic stats Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Populous Most Militaristic ... More Stats Categories Agriculture Background Crime Currency ... Welfare Updated: May 28, 2004 Encyclopedia : Irving Langmuir Sponsored links: Irving Langmuir January 31 in Brooklyn, New York August 16 in Woods Hole, Massachusetts ) was an American chemist and physicist. He graduated with a B.S. from the

90. Web Page Inventor / Invention Template irving langmuir. 1881 to 1957. Inventor of the irving langmuir was bornin Brooklyn, New York, on January 31, 1881. langmuir was educated http://www.newton.mec.edu/bigelow/engineering_technology/examples/langmuir/Langm

Irving Langmuir 1881 to 1957 Inventor of the gas filled incandescent lamp 1906 - 1909 - first professional position as instructor of chemistry 1932 - awarded Nobel Prize for Chemistry at General Electric where he worked for the rest of his life 1912 - invented high-vacuum electron tube 1913 - invented gas-filled incandescent lamp 1939 - 1945 (World War II) - worked as a key advisor in wartime scientific research Irving Langmuir was born in Brooklyn, New York, on January 31, 1881. Langmuir was educated in the public schools of New York and also in Paris, France. He earned a Bachelor of Science from the Columbia University School of Mines and a Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Gottingen in Germany. His first professional position was as an instructor of chemistry at Stevens Institute in Hoboken, New Jersey, from 1906 to 1909. In World War II, Langmuir was one of the key advisers in the national defense and wartime scientific research programs, contributing to the development of radar for use by the British and United States armed. Langmuir died at the age of 76 on August 16, 1957.

91. Irving Janis - Encyclopedia Article About Irving Janis. Free Access, No Registra irving Janis. Word Word. irving Janis (19181990) was a research psychologist Apsychologist is a practitioner of psychology. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Irving Janis

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Irving Janis Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Irving Janis (1918-1990) was a research psychologist A psychologist is a practitioner of psychology. Psychology is now considered a separate field from psychiatry, and a psychologist is not ordinarily a medical doctor and hence is unable to prescribe psychiatric medications. Psychology is such a wide field that practitioners often specialise in one particular area child psychologists (who specialise in working with children and adolescents) clinical psychologists marriage counsellors family therapists etc. Click the link for more information. at Yale University For other uses of the name "Yale," see Yale (disambiguation). Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701, Yale is the third oldest American collegiate institution and is well accepted as one of the most prestigious universities in the world. Yale is well known for everything from its research in developing the latest AIDS cocktail drugs to having bestowed degrees on the past three U.S. presidents. With over 11 billion dollars in endowment, Yale has the second largest academic endowment of any university in the United States. Click the link for more information.

92. APS Prizes And Awards Irving Langmuir Prize In Chemical Physics MSU Chemistry Gallery of Chemists Photo-Portraits and Mini MSU Gallery of Chemists Photo-Portraits and Mini-Biographies. IrvingLangmuir. 1881-1957. Portrait 68 Location - Floor Basement http://www.aps.org/praw/langmuir/

search questions? comments? contact aps Irving Langmuir Prize in Chemical Physics Purpose: To recognize and encourage outstanding interdisciplinary research in chemistry and physics, in the spirit of Irving Langmuir. The prize was established in 1964 by the General Electric Foundation (now the GE Fund Nature: This biennial prize consists of $10,000 and a certificate citing the contributions made by the recipient. In even-numbered years, the American Chemical Society selects the prize recipient and presents the prize. In odd-numbered years, the American Physical Society selects the prize recipient and presents the prize. An allowance is provided for travel expenses of the recipient to the meeting of the Society at which the prize is to be bestowed. This prize is made to one person who has made an outstanding contribution in the field of chemical physics or physical chemistry within the ten years prior to the prize. The prize is granted without restriction, except that the recipient must be a resident of the United States at the time of selection and the prize funds must be used in the United States or its possessions. Nominations are active for three years. Nomination Guidelines Nomination Deadline: The deadline for submission of nominations for the 2005 prize is: JULY 2, 2004. Five (5) copies of nominations and supporting documentation for the 2005 Prize should be sent to the Chair of the

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94. National Academy Of Sciences - Deceased Member National Academy of Sciences. http://www4.nationalacademies.org/nas/nasdece.nsf/(urllinks)/NAS-58MUEZ?opendocu

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