21. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Winner Of The 1964 Nobel Prize In Chemistry dorothy crowfoot hodgkin, a Nobel Prize Laureate in Chemistry, at the Nobel Prize Internet Archive. dorothy crowfoot hodgkin. 1964 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry Featured Internet Links. Dr. dorothy crowfoot hodgkin Chemist, Crystallographer, Humanitarian http://www.almaz.com/nobel/chemistry/1964a.html

D OROTHY C ROWFOOT H ODGKIN 1964 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances. Background Residence: Great Britain Affiliation: Royal Society, Oxford University, Oxford Featured Internet Links Dr. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin: Chemist, Crystallographer, Humanitarian (a biography by Linda Cohen) An historical article by M. F. Perutz An obituary by M. Vijayan Women Nobel Prize Laureates Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Nobel News Links Obituary Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors Crystallography World Wide Microsoft Encarta biographical entry Contributions of Women to Physics, a project of the American Physical Society ... Dorothy Hodgkin: A Life - a biography by Georgina Ferry (submitted by Ingrid Benirschke Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin – Biography (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar Chemical Achievers: Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin Photo (submitted by Dan Remembering Dorothy Hodgkin (submitted by David Sherwood) Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin - illustrated biography from Pennsylvania State Univeristy (submitted by Xie Michael Dorothy Hodgkin (submitted by Laura Oyston) Dorothy Hodgkin (submitted by Laura Oyston) Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (submitted by Davis) About Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (submitted by Jackson) Back to The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Literature Peace Chemistry ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

22. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Crystallography dorothy crowfoot hodgkin crystallography This section of the Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics website provides biographical information on Dortohy crowfoot hodgkin, a recipient of http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/Phase2/Hodgkin

23. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Winner Of The 1964 Nobel Prize In Chemistry dorothy crowfoot hodgkin, a Nobel Prize Laureate in Chemistry, atthe Nobel Prize Internet Archive. dorothy crowfoot hodgkin. 1964 http://almaz.com/nobel/chemistry/1964a.html

D OROTHY C ROWFOOT H ODGKIN 1964 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances. Background Residence: Great Britain Affiliation: Royal Society, Oxford University, Oxford Featured Internet Links Dr. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin: Chemist, Crystallographer, Humanitarian (a biography by Linda Cohen) An historical article by M. F. Perutz An obituary by M. Vijayan Women Nobel Prize Laureates Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Nobel News Links Obituary Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors Crystallography World Wide Microsoft Encarta biographical entry Contributions of Women to Physics, a project of the American Physical Society ... Dorothy Hodgkin: A Life - a biography by Georgina Ferry (submitted by Ingrid Benirschke Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin – Biography (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar Chemical Achievers: Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin Photo (submitted by Dan Remembering Dorothy Hodgkin (submitted by David Sherwood) Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin - illustrated biography from Pennsylvania State Univeristy (submitted by Xie Michael Dorothy Hodgkin (submitted by Laura Oyston) Dorothy Hodgkin (submitted by Laura Oyston) Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (submitted by Davis) About Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (submitted by Jackson) Back to The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Literature Peace Chemistry ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

24. Dr Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Chemist, Crystallographer, Humanitarian Dr dorothy crowfoot hodgkin chemist, crystallographer, humanitarian This resource provides biographical information about dorothy crowfoot hodgkin who used Xray crystallography to determine the http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://almaz.com/nobel/chemistry/dch.html&y

25. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Works Cited. hodgkin, dorothy crowfoot . The Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 1996ed. hodgkin, dorothy crowfoot . Concise Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. http://almaz.com/nobel/chemistry/dch.html

Dr. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin: Chemist, Crystallographer, Humanitarian In 1932 Dorothy Crowfoot graduated from Somerville College at Oxford with a degree in chemistry (her interest in chemistry and crystals began when she was young and was encouraged by her parents and their associates to develop this interest). While studying in the department of mineralogy and crystallography, she employed the physical science of X-ray crystallography (first developed by W. L. Bragg) to aid her in determining the structural arrangement of the atoms in simple salts and minerals such as thallium dialkyl halides. This was the first of what would be many X-ray studies. Dr. Hodgkin discovered that crystals are a solid composed of atoms arranged in a regular and repeated pattern. She later took this method one step further and used it to analyze more complex molecules. In 1933 Dr. Hodgkin began working with J. D. Bernal on her doctorate degree. Bernal strengthened her lifelong interest in structural biology. She felt that the scientific world had ceased to know any boundaries while conducting her research with him. Dr. Hodgkin stated in a published paper regarding her work with Bernal, "…we explored the crystallography of a wide variety of natural products, the structure of liquids and particularly water, Rochelle salt, isomorphous replacement and phase determination, metal and pepsin crystals, and speculated about muscular contraction." It was during this time that Dr. Hodgkin, along with Bernal, recorded the first X-ray diffraction pattern of a globular protein. These photographs were obtained from crystals of pepsin grown by John Philpot in Uppsala. These protein crystals were extremely difficult and tedious to work with in the early 1930s because of the lack of technology. Proteins are polymers, long chains of repeating units, that are larger and more complicated than other biological molecules. They perform their biological functions by folding over on themselves and assuming specific three-dimensional shapes.

26. CWP At Physics.UCLA.edu // Hodgkin The Papers of dorothy Mary crowfoot hodgkin. To cite this citation hodgkin,dorothy crowfoot. CWP http//www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp . BACK TO THE TOP. http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/Phase2/Hodgkin,_Dorothy_Crowfoot@841234567.html

Welcome to CWP at UCLA 86 Eminent Physicists Search the Archive Fascinating Documents Annotated Photo Gallery In Her Own Words Some Physics History ... Photo Credits Crystallography Contributions Publications Honors Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Jobs/Positions Education Additional Information Some Important Contributions In 1934, with J. D. Bernal in Cambridge, photographed for the first time single crystals of a protein - pepsin. First to determine the three-dimensional structure of a complex bio-organic molecule. She determined the structure of cholesteryl iodide by x-ray diffraction in 1941-42 (published in 1945) in complete three-dimensional detail, at a time when no one else was determining complex structures in three dimensions because of the formidable calculations involved. Determined the structure of penicillin in 1944 (published in 1949), again in three-dimensional detail. Before her work there was only fragmentary and conflicting evidence on the structure, from chemical analysis, of this rather unstable molecule, which was of immense importance as an antibiotic during and immediately after World War II. Determined the structure of vitamin B-12 in 1956, using one of the first high-speed digital computers. This was by far the most complex molecule whose three-dimensional architecture had been established, and some of its unusual structural features were quite unanticipated.

27. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin: Pharmaceutical Achiever - Antibiotics In Action Go to teacher s guide. dorothy crowfoot hodgkin Pharmaceutical Achiever. dorothycrowfoot hodgkin — illustrated biography from Pennsylvania State Univeristy. http://www.chemheritage.org/EducationalServices/pharm/antibiot/readings/hodgkin.

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Pharmaceutical Achiever by Mary Ellen Bowden Dorothy Hodgkin On the morning in May 1940 that the results of injecting four of eight infected mice with penicillin became known, an excited Ernst Chain encountered Dorothy Hodgkin on Parks Road in Oxford. He knew the brilliant young X-ray crystallographer from her Cambridge days, and as she later recalled, he had promised: “Some day we will have some crystals for you to work on.” Dorothy Crowfoot was born in Cairo, Egypt, to English parents. Although her formal schooling took place in England, she spent a significant part of her youth in the Middle East and North Africa, where her father was a school inspector. Both her parents were authorities in archaeology, and she almost followed the family vocation; but from childhood she was fascinated by minerals and crystals. She enjoyed using a portable mineral analysis kit given to her when she became interested in analyzing pebbles she and her sister found in the stream that ran through the Crowfoots' garden in Khartoum, Sudan. When she was fifteen, her mother gave her

28. Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot hodgkin, dorothy crowfoot (19101994). English biochemist who analysedthe structure of penicillin, insulin, and vitamin B12. hodgkin http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/H/HodgkinD/1.htm

Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot English biochemist who analysed the structure of penicillin, insulin, and vitamin B12. Hodgkin was the first to use a computer to analyse the molecular structure of complex chemicals, and this enabled her to produce three-dimensional models. Nobel Prize for Chemistry 1964. Crowfoot was born in Cairo and educated at Oxford. At Cambridge 1932-34 she developed the technique of X-ray investigation to the point at which it became a very useful analytical method; she then returned to Oxford until 1970, when she became chancellor of Bristol University. Hodgkin studied the structures of calciferol (vitamin D2), lumisterol, and cholesterol iodide, the first complex organic molecule to be determined completely by X-ray crystallography.

29. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin hodgkin,_Dorothy_crowfoot@841234567.html dhodgkins http//www.coastal.edu/academics/science/jump/biography/dhodgkins.htmlDorothy crowfoot hodgkin http//tiger http://www.engr.psu.edu/wep/EngCompSp98/Aclausi/HodgkinD11.html

30. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkins dorothy crowfoot hodgkin, a British biochemist and crystallographer, won the 1964Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her determination by xray techniques of the http://www.sjsu.edu/depts/Museum/hodgki.html

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin a British biochemist and crystallographer, won the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "her determination by x-ray techniques of the structures of biologically important molecules." In other words she used x-rays to find the structural layouts of atoms and the overall molecular shape of over 100 molecules including: penicillin, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, and insulin. Hodgkin's improvements using x-ray crystallography elevated the technique to an important analytical tool. (Crystallography is a combination of physics, math, and chemistry.) Dorothy was born on May 10, 1910 in Cairo, Egypt. She obtained degrees from Oxford and Cambridge Universities. By 1934, Hodgkin correctly analyzed the molecules for cholesterol iodide. Several years later she confirmed the structure of vitamin B-12, with the help of one of the first electronic computers. Understanding the molecular structure of vitamin B-12 has helped scientists to understand how the human body uses B-12 to build red blood cells and prevent some types of anemia. Dorothy's discovery of the molecular layout of penicillin helped lead scientists to develop other antibiotics. As her discovery happened during World War II, this information aided scientists in helping to develop the antibiotics necessary to treat war injuries.

31. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin dorothy crowfoot hodgkin. dorothy crowfoot hodgkin was the 1964 Nobel Prize winnerin Chemistry. dorothy crowfoot hodgkin More on dorothy crowfoot hodgkin. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blhodgkin.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Inventors Home ... Industrial Revolution zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Famous Inventions Famous Inventors Black Inventors Women Inventors ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Inventors newsletter. Search Inventors Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin was the 1964 Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin More on Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Related Innovations Women Inventors Penicillin X-Rays By Mary Bellis Dorothy Hodgkin won the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances." Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin A British biochemist and crystallographer and the 1964 Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry for "her determination by X-Ray techniques of the structures of biologically important molecules." Hodgkin used X-Rays to find the structural layouts of atoms and the overall molecular shape of over 100 molecules including: penicillin, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, and insulin. Dr. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin

32. LookSmart - Directory - Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin dorothy crowfoot hodgkin Learn about dorothy crowfoot hodgkin, whowon the Nobel prize for her use of X-rays as research tools. http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317914/us263953/us330310/us331376/

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); Home IN the directory this category YOU ARE HERE Home Sciences Chemistry Chemists Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin - Learn about Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, who won the Nobel prize for her use of X-rays as research tools. Directory Listings About Hodgkin, Dorothy - 100 Distinguished European Chemists Includes a brief profile and links to Web sites about this chemist. Provided by the Federation of European Chemical Societies Millennium Project. Hodgkin, Dorothy - Birzeit University Newsletter Brief article published in 1995 pays tribute to Dorothy Hodgkin. Hodgkin, Dorothy - Boston Globe Obituary Briefly summarizes the life of chemist Dorothy Hodgkin. Dated July 31, 1994. Hodgkin, Dorothy - Chemical Achievers Recounts the accomplishments of X-ray crystallographer Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, and offers photos. Hodgkin, Dorothy - Crystallographers Online Article originally published by the Independent Newspaper chronicles the accomplishments of chemist Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin. Hodgkin, Dorothy - Engines of Our Ingenuity

33. LookSmart - Directory - Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Directory Listings About. hodgkin, dorothy crowfoot A Science Odyssey PBS Onlineprovides a biography of the woman who discovered vitamin B12 as well as the http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317914/us263953/us330310/us331376/?&s

34. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin --  Britannica Student Encyclopedia hodgkin, dorothy crowfoot Britannica Student Encyclopedia. , hodgkin,dorothy crowfoot (1910–94). The English chemist dorothy crowfoot http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article?eu=296823&query=hewett, dorothy coade&ct=e

35. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin dorothy crowfoot hodgkin , En ligne. http://mendeleiev.cyberscol.qc.ca/chimisterie/9703/KPoulin.html

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin par Kim Perreault et Karine Poulin Biographie Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin rayons X En octobre 1964, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin recevait un prix Nobel en chimie pour avoir Bibliographie PHANEUF, Margot. Physics Today "Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin" [En ligne]. Adresse URL : http://curie.che.virginia.edu/scientist/hodgkin.html Dr. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin : Chemistry Crystallographer, Humanitarian , [En ligne]. Adresse URL : http://www.almaz.com/nobel/chemistry/dch.html Crystallography World Wide , [En ligne]. Adresse URL : http://www.chem.titech.ac.jp/mirror/vlib/his.hodgkin2.html Recherche : Kim Perreault et Karine Poulin, , Sherbrooke, QC Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Liste - Chimie et chimistes Chimisterie Les mondes de CyberScol CyberScol

36. Medicine-Worldwide: Crowfoot, Dorothy Translate this page Biographie. Kapitelübersicht dorothy crowfoot (-hodgkin). dorothy crowfoot(-hodgkin). Biochemikerin. Kapitelübersicht dorothy crowfoot (-hodgkin). http://www.m-ww.de/persoenlichkeiten/crowfoot.html

Sie befinden sich hier: startseite persoenlichkeiten Medizingeschichte H istorisches zur Harnschau M eilensteine der Medizingeschichte ... Über uns Biographie Kapitelübersicht: Dorothy Crowfoot (-Hodgkin) Dorothy Crowfoot (-Hodgkin) Biochemikerin Dorothy Crowfoot * 12. Mai 1910 in Kairo Dorothy Crowfoot forschte über die Eigenschaften und Verhalten von Cholesterinen, Insulin, Penicilline und Vitamine und erhielt dafür im Jahre 1964 als dritte Frau überhaupt, den Nobelpreis für Chemie "für ihre Analyse der Struktur des Vitamins B12". Schon vor ihrer Nobelpreisehrung war sie durch den von ihr erstmals initiierten Einsatz der Röntgenstrukturanalyse bei der Strukturbestimmung von Makromolekülen bekannt geworden. 1937 heiratete Dorothy Crowfoot den Historiker Thomas Hodgkin. 1938 erkrankte sie kurz nach der Geburt ihres ersten Kindes an entzündlichem und unheilbarem Gelenkrheuma. Trotz der Verwachsungen ihrer Gelenke, und ungeachtet der schweren, schmerzhaften und entstellenden Krankheit blieb sie ihrer Arbeit und der Wissenschaft treu: "Trotz ihrer schrecklich verkrüppelten Finger und Handgelenke war sie so gut wie jeder im Labor und besser als die meisten", beschrieb einer ihrer Teamkollegen ihre Arbeit stolz. Überhaupt setzte sie sich für ihre Mitarbeiter ein, und immer wieder engagierte sie Frauen in ihre Arbeitsgruppe. Daneben war sie eine familienbewusste gute Mutter und Ehefrau. Kapitelübersicht: Dorothy Crowfoot (-Hodgkin) Partnerangebote:

37. MSN Encarta - Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot Translate this page hodgkin, dorothy crowfoot. hodgkin, dorothy crowfoot (1910-1994) chimiste britannique.Médias. Un guide du Web. Plus de résultats pour hodgkin, dorothy crowfoot, http://fr.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761558547/Hodgkin_Dorothy_Crowfoot.html

Accueil MSN Mon MSN Hotmail Rechercher ... S'abonner   Encarta Premium Rechercher Article accessible sur abonnement MSN Encarta Premium : Acc©dez   30 000 articles encyclop©diques avec plus de 12 000 illustrations, un atlas mondial interactif, un guide du Web et une palette compl¨te de ressources et d'outils ©ducatifs. 34,99 € par an (service d’acc¨s   Internet non compris). En savoir plus. Cet article n'est accessible que si vous ªtes abonn©   MSN Encarta Premium. Dans ce cas, connectez-vous en cliquant sur le lien Aller sur MSN Encarta Premium (ci-dessus). Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot (1910-1994) chimiste britannique. M©dias Encarta vous int©resse ? Abonnez-vous d¨s maintenant et b©n©ficiez de : Plus de 30 000 articles 2 000 analyses d'oeuvre Plus de 12 000 m©dias (dont des extraits sonores, des vid©os et des m©dias interactifs) Un atlas mondial interactif Une palette compl¨te de ressources et d'outils ©ducatifs Un guide du Web Plus de r©sultats pour Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot Autres fonctionnalit©s Encarta Rechercher Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot

38. INFORMATION About Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Information about dorothy crowfoot hodgkin. dorothy hodgkin born CairoMay 12, 1910 died Oxfordshire July 30, 1994 Professor dorothy http://bca.cryst.bbk.ac.uk/bca/obits/CVS/DCH.html

Information about Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Dorothy Hodgkin born Cairo May 12, 1910 died Oxfordshire July 30, 1994 Professor Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Vice President 1992 - 1996, presenting the 1st Dorothy Hodgkin prize on the occasion of her 80th birthday. Former BCA Vice President Royal Society institutes Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowships for young researchers in June 1995 Collected Works in 3 volumes published 1996 Commemorative Postage stamp Nobel prize winner Program for the Memorial Meeting July 1996 and report Memories of Memorial address Dorothy Hodgkin by Max Perutz Dorothy Hodgkin by M.Vijayan Remembering Dorothy Hodgkin by Anne Sayre List of books about her Prize and Prize lecturers Royal Society of Chemistry Landmark plaque erected in Oxford in May 2001 to commemmorate her scientific acheivements. web site: http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/ AIP Contributions of women to Physics in 20th century, including crystallographers such as Dorothy Hodgkin This file last updated 31 Dec 2000 BCA Home page WebMaster BCA@ISISE.RL.AC.UK

39. Biografia De Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot Translate this page hodgkin, dorothy crowfoot. (El Cairo, 1910-Shipston-on-Stour, Warwickshire,1994) Química británica. Profesora e investigadora http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/h/hodgkin.htm

Inicio Buscador Utilidades Recomendar sitio Enlaces Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot (El Cairo, 1910-Shipston-on-Stour, Warwickshire, 1994) Química británica. Profesora e investigadora en las universidades de Oxford y de Cambridge y miembro de la Royal Society. Mediante la difracción de rayos X, determinó la estructura molecular de diversos compuestos complejos, como la penicilina (1947) y la vitamina B (1956). Recibió el premio Nobel de química en 1964. Inicio Buscador Recomendar sitio

40. Lexikon - Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Definition Erklärung Bedeutung Translate this page Was Wer Wo ist dorothy crowfoot hodgkin - Definition Erklärung Bedeutung von dorothycrowfoot hodgkin. dorothy crowfoot hodgkin. dorothy crowfoot hodgkin (*12. http://www.net-lexikon.de/Dorothy-Crowfoot-Hodgkin.html

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