1. WIEM: Herzberg Gerhard herzberg gerhard (19041999), chemik niemiecki. Chemia, Niemcy HerzbergGerhard (1904-1999). herzberg gerhard (1904-1999), chemik niemiecki. http://wiem.onet.pl/wiem/00c781.html

WIEM 2004 - zobacz now± edycjê encyklopedii! Kup abonament i encyklopediê na CD-ROM, sprawd¼ ofertê cenow±! Oferta specjalna abonamentów dla szkó³ i instytucji! Uwaga! Przedstawione poni¿ej has³o pochodzi z archiwalnej edycji WIEM 2001! Prace redakcyjne nad edycj± 2001 zosta³y zakoñczone. Zapraszamy do korzystania z nowej, codziennie aktualizowanej i wzbogacanej w nowe tre¶ci edycji WIEM 2004 Chemia, Niemcy Herzberg Gerhard Herzberg Gerhard (1904-1999), chemik niemiecki. Profesor Instytutu Technologicznego w Darmstadt oraz uniwersytetów w Saskatchewan i Chicago. Prowadzi³ badania nad struktur± elektronow± i geometri± wolnych rodników i  jonów - produktów po¶rednich reakcji chemicznych Wyznaczy³ przesuniêcie Lamba w H , O , N , CO. Zbada³ widmo gazu miêdzygwiezdnego. Nagroda Nobla w 1971. WIEM zosta³a opracowana na podstawie Popularnej Encyklopedii Powszechnej Wydawnictwa Fogra zobacz wszystkie serwisy do góry

2. HERZBERG GERHARD (1904-1999) Translate this page herzberg gerhard (1904-1999). Gerhard Herzberg effectue ses études à l’universitétechnique de Darmstadt, où il obtient un doctorat en 1924. http://histoirechimie.free.fr/Lien/HERZBERG.htm

HERZBERG GERHARD (1904-1999) Privatdozent

3. Gerhard Herzberg [Pictures And Photos Of] Photo, Photograph; possible meeting or conference of Optical Society of America;sitting; table; LR Gerhard Herzberg, Luis Alvarez; herzberg gerhard C4. http://www.aip.org/history/esva/catalog/esva/Herzberg_Gerhard.html

A larger image of any photo may be purchased. Click on an image to place an order. For more information visit our home page Luis Walter Alvarez, Gerhard Herzberg, Alfred Kastler Description possible meeting of the Optical Society of America; suit; sitting at a table L-R Alvarez, Herzberg, Kastler Item ID Alvarez Luis C11 Gerhard Herzberg Description old age ; full-face Item ID Herzberg A1 Gerhard Herzberg Description standing ; talking ; podium ; Los Alamos 40th year reunion Item ID Herzberg B1 Luis Walter Alvarez, Gerhard Herzberg Description possible meeting or conference of Optical Society of America; sitting; table; L-R Gerhard Herzberg, Luis Alvarez Item ID Herzberg Gerhard C4 Luis Walter Alvarez, Dennis Gabor, Gerhard Herzberg, Arthur Leonard Schawlow, Charles Hard Townes Description possible meeting of Optical Society of America; sitting; table; L-R Herzberg, Alvarez, Schawlow, Gabor, Townes Item ID Herzberg Gerhard D1 Gerhard Herzberg, Alfred Kastler Description possible meeting of the Optical Society of America; sitting; suit; table; L-R Kastler, Herzberg Item ID Kastler Alfred C6 Gerhard Herzberg, Alfred Kastler

4. Dennis Gabor [Pictures And Photos Of] Picture, Photo, Photograph; possible meeting of Optical Society of America; sitting;table; LR Herzberg, Alvarez, Schawlow, Gabor, Townes; herzberg gerhard D1. http://www.aip.org/history/esva/catalog/esva/Gabor_Dennis.html

A larger image of any photo may be purchased. Click on an image to place an order. For more information visit our home page Dennis Gabor Description old age ; full-face ; suit Item ID Gabor A1 Dennis Gabor Description old age ; three-quarter view ; suit ; sitting ; talking Item ID Gabor B1 Dennis Gabor Description old age ; full-face ; suit ; with a holographic portrait of himself ; McDonnell Douglas Electronics Company, St. Charles, MO Item ID Gabor B2 Dennis Gabor Description old age ; profile ; suit ; standing ; talking ; blackboard Item ID Gabor B3 Luis Walter Alvarez, Dennis Gabor, Gerhard Herzberg, Arthur Leonard Schawlow, Charles Hard Townes Description possible meeting of Optical Society of America; sitting; table; L-R Herzberg, Alvarez, Schawlow, Gabor, Townes Item ID Herzberg Gerhard D1 Luis Walter Alvarez, Dennis Gabor, Gerhard Herzberg, Alfred Kastler, Arthur Leonard Schawlow, Charle Description possible meeting of the Optical Society of America; sitting; suit; table L-R Kastler, Herzberg, Alvarez, Schawlow, Gabor, Townes Item ID Kastler Alfred D2 Luis Walter Alvarez, Dennis Gabor, Gerhard Herzberg, Alfred Kastler, Arthur Leonard Schawlow

5. Gerhard Herzberg Gerhard Herzberg. Dr. Herzberg was born and educated in Germany whichhe left in 1935 to teach at the University of Saskatchewan. http://collections.ic.gc.ca/universe/herzberg.html

Gerhard Herzberg Dr. Herzberg was born and educated in Germany which he left in 1935 to teach at the University of Saskatchewan. In 1945 he left for the Yerkes Observatory in Chicago seeking better research opportunities until 1948 when he returned to join the staff of the National Research Council. Here he became director of physics from 1949-1969, and worked with the NRC president to establish NRC's postwar reputation as a scientific "centre of excellence". Herzberg's field of research was molecular spectroscopy. This entails the analysis of the spectra of molecules in order to determine their structure. Herzberg's research focussed largely on free radicals -intermediates of chemical reactions that last only microseconds under laboratory conditions, but much longer in interstellar space. He worked to develop new methods for their spectroscopic analysis, and published over 200 scientific papers in the course of his career. Dr. Herzberg was awarded many honours, including fellowship in the Royal Society of London (1951), the Order of Canada and the Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1971), and the reorganization of the astronomy and spectroscopy units of the NRC in 1975 as the Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics in his honour. Back

6. Gerhard Herzberg - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Gerhard Herzberg. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Gerhard Herzberg (December25, 1904 March 3, 1999) was a pioneering theoretical chemist. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg

Gerhard Herzberg From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Gerhard Herzberg December 25 March 3 ) was a pioneering theoretical chemist. Born in Germany, he fled in 1935 to Canada, where he continued his distinguished scientific career. Herzberg's main work concerned atomic and molecular spectroscopy. He is well known for using these techniques to determine the structures of diatomic and polyatomic molecules, including free radicals difficult to investigate in any other way, and for the chemical analysis of astronomical objects. edit Life 1904 Born and educated in Hamburg , Germany 1928 Dr.Ing. degree at Darmstadt Institute of Technology under H. Rau 1928-30 Post-doctoral work at the University of Göttingen and Bristol University under James Franck Max Born John Lennard-Jones 1930 Darmstadt Institute of Technology: Privatdozent (lecturer) and senior assistant in Physics 1935 Guest professor, University of Saskatchewan (Saskatoon, Canada) 1936-45 Professor of Physics, University of Saskatchewan 1939 Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada 1945-8 Professor of spectroscopy, Yerkes Observatory

7. STACKhHiI Author(s). herzberg gerhard. Previous. Up. Next. MOLECULAR SPECTRA AND MOLECULARSTRUCTURE Vol. 2 Infrared andRaman of Polyatomic Molecules. Edition. Orig. http://www.krieger-publishing.com/html/stackhhii_49.html

Author(s) Herzberg Gerhard Previous Up Next MOLECULAR SPECTRA AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE - Vol. 2: Infrared andRaman of Polyatomic Molecules Edition Orig. Ed 1945, Reprint Ed. 1991 Description Pages ISBN # Reviews Cloth/Paper C U.S. Dollars This present volume represents the continuation of a series on Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. Illustrations have been included to make the reader visualize clearly the significance and meaning of results of the theory. A large number of tables have also been included in which theoretical results are summarized, or observed data collected, for the benefit of those carrying out research work in the field of infrared and Raman spectra or related fields. Krieger Book Number If you’re interested in this book, you may copy this unique number into the Quote and Information Form, for quick processing. Or Contact us via our TOLL FREE ORDER LINE! Remember to include your e-mail and address information so we may contact you if there are any further questions Toll Free Order Line 1-800-724-0025 U.S. or E-mail!

8. STACKhHiI . Pages.......Author(s). herzberg gerhard. Previous. Up. Next. MOLECULAR SPECTRA AND MOLECULARSTRUCTURE 3 Vol. Set. Edition. Orig. Ed 1966, Reprint Ed. 1992. http://www.krieger-publishing.com/html/stackhhii_51.html

Author(s) Herzberg Gerhard Previous Up Next MOLECULAR SPECTRA AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE - 3 Vol. Set Edition Orig. Ed 1966, Reprint Ed. 1992 Description Pages ISBN # 0-89464-789-X Reviews Cloth/Paper C U.S. Dollars No Blurb Krieger Book Number If you’re interested in this book, you may copy this unique number into the Quote and Information Form, for quick processing. Or Contact us via our TOLL FREE ORDER LINE! Remember to include your e-mail and address information so we may contact you if there are any further questions Toll Free Order Line 1-800-724-0025 U.S. or E-mail! Subject Category Listing Page Books Page Homepage ... Return to Natural Science Page

9. Gerhard Herzberg Gerhard Herzberg. Gerhard Herzberg (19041999) was a pioneering theoreticalchemist. Born in Germany, he fled in 1935 to Canada, where http://www.fact-index.com/g/ge/gerhard_herzberg.html

Main Page See live article Alphabetical index Gerhard Herzberg Gerhard Herzberg ) was a pioneering theoretical chemist. Born in Germany, he fled in 1935 to Canada, where he continued his distinguished scientific career. Herzberg's main work concerned atomic and molecular spectroscopy. He is well known for using these techniques to determine the structures of diatomic and polyatomic molecules, including free radicals difficult to investigate in any other way, and for the chemical analysis of astronomical objects. Life 1904 Born and educated in Hamburg , Germany 1928 Dr.Ing. degree at Darmstadt Institute of Technology under H. Rau 1928-30 Post-doctoral work at the University of Göttingen and Bristol University under James Franck Max Born John Lennard-Jones 1930 Darmstadt Institute of Technology: Privatdozent (lecturer) and senior assistant in Physics 1935 Guest professor, University of Saskatchewan (Saskatoon, Canada) 1936-45 Professor of Physics, University of Saskatchewan 1939 Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada 1945-8 Professor of spectroscopy, Yerkes Observatory

10. GERHARD HERZBERG GERHARD HERZBERG An Illustrial Life in Science Boris Stoicheff, NRC Press, McGillQueensUniversity Press, 2002, pp 468, ISBN 0-660-18757-4 (NRC Press http://www.cap.ca/news/books/Herzberg-Stoicheff-Nicholls.html

GERHARD HERZBERG: An Illustrial Life in Science Boris Stoicheff, NRC Press, McGill-Queens University Press, 2002, pp 468, ISBN 0-660-18757-4 (NRC Press Biography Series No. 1 ISSN-1701-1833, see www.monographs.nrc.ca) price $49.95 This magnificent biography of Gerhard Herzberg, by Boris Stoicheff, an illustrious member of the Canadian Physics community (and President of CAP between 1983 and 1984), should be read by all Canadian Physicists and many others, for enjoyment, for enlightenment, and for detailed study. It is an immensely readable, yet scholarly account of the life and work of Gerhard Herzberg, the ikon of Canadian Physics, and 1971 Nobel prize winner who died at the age of 94 on March 3rd 1999. It is also a record of the people, ideas, and discoveries of atomic, molecular and quantum physics and astrophysics in their golden years of the 20th century, in Europe, the U.S, and in Canada. In this period, Spectroscopy, of which Herzberg was the world master, was the anvil on which quantum concepts were fashioned. Boris Stoicheff is Gerhard Herzberg’s official biographer, and had access to his archives and to the reminiscences of his family and close colleagues. He has distilled the essence of this massive collection of facts with consummate skill. He also traveled in Canada, the US, and Europe to recover and confirm facts and anecdotes. During part of his career he spent 13 years as a senior staff member of Herzberg’s laboratory at NRC and writes of it with great authority.

11. Gerhard Herzberg Definition Of Gerhard Herzberg. What Is Gerhard Herzberg? Meani Definition of Gerhard Herzberg in the Dictionary and Thesaurus. Provides examplesfrom classic literature, search by definition of Gerhard Herzberg. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Gerhard Herzberg

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Gerhard Herzberg Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Noun Gerhard Herzberg - Canadian physicist (born in Germany) noted for contributions to understanding the structure of molecules (born in 1904) Herzberg nuclear physicist - a physicist who specializes in nuclear physics Legend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms Some words with "Gerhard Herzberg" in the definition: American Revolutionary leader Baron Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin von Steuben Desiderius Erasmus Erasmus ... Steuben Previous General Dictionary Browser Next Gerbillus Gerboa Gere ... germ layer Full Dictionary Browser Gere Gerea Gerea canescens Gereby (enc.) Gerent gerenuk Gerfalcon Gerfalcon (enc.) Gerful Gergonne point (enc.) Gerhard (enc.) Gerhard Armauer Hansen (enc.) Gerhard Berger (enc.) Gerhard Casper (enc.) Gerhard Domagk (enc.) Gerhard Eisler (enc.) Gerhard Fieseler (enc.) Gerhard Flesch (enc.) Gerhard Gentzen (enc.) Gerhard Gerhards Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst (enc.) Gerhard Johann Vossius (enc.) Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk (enc.)

12. Gerhard Herzberg Gerhard Herzberg. Gerhard Herzberg (1904 1999). Canadian physicistand winner of the 1971 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work http://www.nobel-winners.com/Chemistry/gerhard_herzberg.html

Gerhard Herzberg Gerhard Herzberg Canadian physicist and winner of the 1971 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work in determining the electronic structure and geometry of molecules, especially free radicalsgroups of atoms that contain odd numbers of electrons. Herzberg became Privatdozent (unsalaried lecturer) at the Darmstadt Institute of Technology in 1930 but fled Nazi Germany in 1935 and obtained a position with the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Can. From 1945 to 1948 he worked at the Yerkes Observatory, Williams Bay, Wis., U.S., and then returned to Canada, where he joined the National Research Council, Ottawa. Herzberg's spectroscopic studies not only provided experimental results of prime importance to physical chemistry and quantum mechanics but also helped stimulate a resurgence of investigations into the chemical reactions of gases. He devoted much of his research to diatomic molecules, in particular the most common oneshydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide. He discovered the spectra of certain free radicals that are intermediate stages in numerous chemical reactions, and he was the first to identify the spectra of certain radicals in interstellar gas. Herzberg also contributed much spectrographic information on the atmospheres of the outer planets and the stars. One of his most important works is the three-volume Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure (1939-66).

13. Dead Or Alive? - Gerhard Herzberg Send to friend, Last updated 05/07/2004. Go Back Dead Gerhard Herzberg FieldScience. Info Won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on free radicals. http://www.deadoraliveinfo.com/dead.nsf/hnames-nf/Herzberg Gerhard

Intro/News Page A B C ... Related links Advertisement Search New Name Comment Instructions Home Profile Send to friend Last updated: 05/24/2004 Dead Gerhard Herzberg Field: Science Info: Won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on free radicals Date of Birth: Date of Death: Age at Death:

14. GERHARD HERZBERG - Meaning And Definition Of The Word Medical Dictionary. Search Dictionary GERHARD HERZBERG DictionaryEntry and Meaning. WordNet Dictionary. Definition n Canadian http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/gerhard herzberg

15. Gerhard Herzberg Gerhard Herzberg. Gerhard Herzberg (19041999) byl prukopnickáteoretická lékárna. Narozený v Nemecku, on unikl v 1935 do http://wikipedia.infostar.cz/g/ge/gerhard_herzberg.html

švodn­ str¡nka Tato str¡nka v origin¡le Gerhard Herzberg Gerhard Herzberg ) byl průkopnick¡ teoretick¡ l©k¡rna. Narozen½ v Německu, on prchl v 1935 do Kanady, kde on pokračoval v jeho v½značn© vědeck© kari©Å™e. Herzbergova hlavn­ zainteresovan¡ pr¡ce atomov½ a molekul¡rn­ spectroscopy. On je dobře zn¡m½ pro použ­v¡n­ tyto techniky podmiňovat struktury diatomic a polyatomic molekuly, včetně voln½ch radik¡lů obt­Å¾n½ch vyÅ¡etřovat v nějak© jin© cestě, a pro chemick½ rozbor astronomick½ch objektů. Život 1904 narozen½ a vzdělan½ v Hamburk , Německo 1928 Dr. Ing. m­ra u Darmstadt institut technologie dolů H. Rau 1928-30 poÅ¡ta-doktorsk¡ pr¡ce u Univerzita G � ttingen a Bristol univerzita dolů James Franck Max Bornov¡ John Lennard-Jones 1930 Darmstadt institut technologie: Privatdozent (odborn½ asistent) a asistent nadř­zen©ho ve fyzice 1935 profesora hosta, Univerzita Saskatchewan (Saskatoon, Kanada) 1936-45 profesor fyziky, univerzita Saskatchewan 1939 člena kr¡lovsk© společnosti Kanady 1945-8 profesor spectroscopy, Yerkes observatoř

16. Gerhard Herzberg - Biography gerhard herzberg – Biography. gerhard herzberg was born in Hamburg, Germany, on25 December, 1904. From Les Prix Nobel 1971. gerhard herzberg died in 1999. http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1971/herzberg-bio.html

Gerhard Herzberg was born in Hamburg, Germany, on 25 December, 1904. He was married in 1929 to Luise Herzberg Oettinger and has two children. He was widowed in 1971. Herzberg received his early training in Hamburg and subsequently studied physics at the Darmstadt Institute of Technology where in 1928 he obtained his Dr.Ing. degree under H. Rau (a pupil of W. Wien ). From 1928 to 1930 he carried out post-doctorate work at the under James Franck and Max Born and the University of Bristol . In 1930 he was appointed Privatdozent (lecturer) and senior assistant in the Physics Department of the Darmstadt Institute of Technology. In August 1935 Herzberg was forced to leave Germany as a refugee and took up a guest professorship at the University of Saskatchewan (Saskatoon, Canada), for which funds had been made available by the Carnegie Foundation. A few months later he was appointed research professor of physics, a position he held until 1945. From 1945 to 1948 Herzberg was professor of spectroscopy at the Yerkes Observatory of the University of Chicago . He returned to Canada in 1948 and was made Principal Research Officer and shortly afterwards Director of the Division of Physics at the National Research Council. In 1955, after the Division had been divided into one in pure and one in applied physics, Herzberg remained Director of the Division of Pure Physics, a position which he held until 1969 when he was appointed Distinguished Research Scientist in the recombined Division of Physics.

17. Chemistry 1971 gerhard herzberg. Canada. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971 Presentation Speechgerhard herzberg Biography Nobel Lecture Banquet Speech Other Resources. http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1971/

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971 "for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals" Gerhard Herzberg Canada National Research Council of Canada Ottawa, Canada b. 1904 (in Hamburg, Germany) d. 1999 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971 Presentation Speech Gerhard Herzberg Biography ... Other Resources The 1971 Prize in: Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature ... Economic Sciences Find a Laureate: SITE FEEDBACK CONTACT TELL A FRIEND Last modified February 17, 2004 The Official Web Site of The Nobel Foundation

18. Herzberg, Gerhard herzberg, gerhard. ( b. Dec. 25, 1904, Hamburg, Ger herzberg became Privatdozent (unsalaried lecturer) at the Darmstadt Institute of Technology in 1930 but fled Nazi http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/269_22.html

Herzberg, Gerhard (b. Dec. 25, 1904, Hamburg, Ger.), Canadian physicist and winner of the 1971 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work in determining the electronic structure and geometry of molecules, especially free radicalsgroups of atoms that contain odd numbers of electrons. Herzberg became Privatdozent (unsalaried lecturer) at the Darmstadt Institute of Technology in 1930 but fled Nazi Germany in 1935 and obtained a position with the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Can. From 1945 to 1948 he worked at the Yerkes Observatory, Williams Bay, Wis., U.S., and then returned to Canada, where he joined the National Research Council, Ottawa. Herzberg's spectroscopic studies not only provided experimental results of prime importance to physical chemistry and quantum mechanics but also helped stimulate a resurgence of investigations into the chemical reactions of gases. He devoted much of his research to diatomic molecules, in particular the most common oneshydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide. He discovered the spectra of certain free radicals that are intermediate stages in numerous chemical reactions, and he was the first to identify the spectra of certain radicals in interstellar gas. Herzberg also contributed much spectrographic information on the atmospheres of the outer planets and the stars. One of his most important works is the three-volume Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure

19. NSERC - Gerhard Herzberg - About Gerhard Herzberg gerhard herzberg (19041999) Nobel laureate in Chemistry In the early 1920s, whenyoung gerhard herzberg chose astronomy as his preferred profession, his http://www.nserc.ca/gherzberg/en/aboutgh_an.html

Updated: November 24, 2003 Gerhard Herzberg (1904-1999) Nobel laureate in Chemistry In the early 1920s, when young Gerhard Herzberg chose astronomy as his preferred profession, his application to Germany's Hamburg Observatory came back with the advice that "there is no point in thinking of a career in astronomy unless one has private means of support." It was the only "credential" Herzberg lacked. His support came from his mother, widowed when Herzberg was 10. Mrs. Herzberg eventually emigrated to Wyoming for a housekeeper's position that enabled her to send small amounts back to her two sons in Germany. The young Herzberg endured those lean and lonely years by immersing himself in mathematics, chemistry and physics. These interests brought him to the attention of a superb high school physics teacher, Herr Hillers, who was in touch with the revolutionary theories then driving physics. He introduced Herzberg to the ideas of such scientists as the great Danish physicist Niels Bohr, whose atomic theories were laying the foundation for quantum mechanics. Assisted by a private scholarship from a German industrialist, Herzberg entered the Technical University at Darmstadt in 1924. By 1928, the 24-year-old Herzberg had completed his Doctor of Engineering Physics degree and published 12 papers in atomic and molecular physics. Consequently, he had no difficulty in obtaining a postdoctoral fellowship at one of the outstanding physics centres of the time, the University of Göttingen. At Göttingen, Herzberg worked under Max Born and James Franck, stars of the era, who were applying quantum mechanics to the mysteries of atomic and molecular structures. He then spent a second postdoctoral year at the University of Bristol, where he investigated the electronic structure of diatomic molecules.

20. Herzberg, Gerhard Pronunciation Key. herzberg, gerhard , 190499, Canadian physicist, b Time International)herzberg, gerhard ( The 1998 Canadian Encyclopedia)Cover John Polanyi (1929 ) gerhard http://www.infoplease.com/cgi-bin/id/A0823578

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... D-Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia Herzberg, Gerhard Pronunciation Key Herzberg, Gerhard ion with a previously unidentified spectrum from outer space, pioneering the analysis of stars, planetary atmospheres, and interstellar matter by spectrographic technology. In 1945 Herzberg joined the Yerkes Observatory of the Univ. of Chicago, where he continued his spectroscopic studies. From 1948 to 1994, he was on the staff of the National Research Council (NRC). Herzberg received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for research into the electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals, which had important implications in such diverse fields as astrophysics, biology, chemistry, medicine, and physics. The NRC established the Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics in Ottawa in his honor in 1975. His three-volume Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure (2d ed. 1992) is the seminal work in the field.

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