21. Marie And Pierre Curie Marie and pierre curie and the Discovery of Polonium and Radium. by Nanny Fröman*.Introduction. Marie Sklodowska, before she left for Paris. pierre. pierre curie. http://www.nobel.se/physics/articles/curie/

Marie and Pierre Curie and the Discovery of Polonium and Radium Introduction At the end of the 19th century, a number of discoveries were made in physics which paved the way for the breakthrough of modern physics and led to the revolutionary technical development that is continually changing our daily lives. Around 1886, Heinrich Hertz demonstrated experimentally the existence of radio waves. It is said that Hertz only smiled incredulously when anyone predicted that his waves would one day be sent round the earth. Hertz died in 1894 at the early age of 37. In September 1895, Guglielmo Marconi sent the first radio signal over a distance of 1.5 km. In 1901 he spanned the Atlantic. Hertz did not live long enough to experience the far-reaching positive effects of his great discovery, nor of course did he have to see it abused in bad television programs. It is hard to predict the consequences of new discoveries in physics. On November 8, 1895, Henri Becquerel was exposing salts of uranium to sunlight to study whether the new radiation could have a connection with luminescence, he found out by chance - thanks to a few days of cloudy weather - that another new type of radiation was being spontaneously emanated without the salts of uranium having to be illuminated - a radiation that could pass through metal foil and darken a photographic plate. The two researchers who were to play a major role in the continued study of this new radiation were Marie and Pierre Curie.

22. Curie, Pierre (1859-1906) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biography Chemists. Branch of Science. Physicists. Nationality. French. Gender or Minority Status. Scientific Families. Prize Winners. Nobel Prize. Physics Prize. curie, pierre (18591906) chemist and physicist who, with his wife Marie curie discovered uranium, polonium, and radium in pitchblende in 1898 http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/CuriePierre.html

Branch of Science Chemists Branch of Science Physicists ... Physics Prize Curie, Pierre (1859-1906) French chemist and physicist who, with his wife Marie Curie discovered uranium, polonium, and radium in pitchblende in 1898. He also noticed that permanent magnets lose their magnetism when heated above a certain temperature (now called the Curie temperature ). He also discovered piezoelectricity which is the production of an electric potential across a crystal when pressure is applied. Curie (Marie) Joliot-Curie (Frederic) Joliot-Curie (Irene) References Curie, P. Oeuvres. Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1908.

23. Pierre & Marie Curie Figures in Radiation History. (pierre Marie curie). By the time he met MarieSklodowska, pierre curie had already established an impressive reputation. http://www.orcbs.msu.edu/radiation/radhistory/pierremariecurie.html

Figures in Radiation History polonium and radium , but it took four more years of processing tons of ore under oppressive conditions to isolate enough of each element to determine its chemical properties. For their work on radioactivity, the Curies were awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize in physics. Tragically, Pierre was killed three years later in an accident while crossing a street in a rainstorm. Pierre's teaching position at the Sorbonne was given to Marie. Never before had a woman taught there in its 650 year history! Her first lecture began with the very sentence her husband had used to finish his last. In his honor, the 1910 Radiology Congress chose the curie as the basic unit of radioactivity; the quantity of radon in equilibrium with one gram of radium (current definition: 1Ci = 3.7 x 10 dps). A year later, Marie was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for her discoveries of radium and polonium, thus becoming the first person to receive two Nobel Prizes. For the remainder of her life she tirelessly investigated and promoted the use of radium as a treatment for cancer. Marie Curie died July 4, 1934, overtaken by pernicious anemia no doubt caused by years of overwork and radiation exposure. Thanks to the following group for allowing us to reprint this information: The Health Physics Society 1313 Dolley Madison Blvd., Suite 402

24. Curie, Pierre curie, pierre. pierre curie. The Granger Collection, New York City ( b. May 15, 1859, Paris, Franced. April 19, 1906, Paris), French physical chemist and cowinner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/154_33.html

Curie, Pierre Pierre Curie The Granger Collection, New York City (b. May 15, 1859, Paris, Franced. April 19, 1906, Paris), French physical chemist and cowinner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903. He and his wife, Marie Curie , discovered radium and polonium in their investigation of radioactivity Educated by his father, a doctor, Curie developed a passion for mathematics at the age of 14 and showed a particular aptitude for spatial geometry, which was later to help him in his work on crystallography. Matriculating at the age of 16 and obtaining his at 18, he was in 1878 taken on as laboratory assistant at the Sorbonne. There Curie carried out his first work on the calculation of the wavelength of heat waves. This was followed by very important studies on crystals, in which he was helped by his elder brother Jacques. The problem of the distribution of crystalline matter according to the laws of symmetry was to become one of his major preoccupations. The Curie brothers associated the phenomenon of pyroelectricity with a change in the volume of the crystal in which it appears, and thus they arrived at the discovery of piezoelectricity. Later, Pierre was able to formulate the principle of symmetry, which states the impossibility of bringing about a specific physical process in an environment lacking a certain minimal dissymmetry characteristic of the process. Further, this dissymmetry cannot be found in the effect if it is not preexistent in the cause. He went on to define the symmetry of different physical phenomena.

25. Pierre Curie / By Marie Curie curie, Marie . pierre curie / By Marie curie. Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library Part 1 PART I THE LIFE STORY OF pierre curie. Chapter 1 CHAPTER I THE http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/CurPier.html

Curie, Marie . Pierre Curie / By Marie Curie Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library The entire work KB Table of Contents for this work All on-line databases Etext Center Homepage Header ... Part 1 PART I THE LIFE STORY OF PIERRE CURIE Chapter 1 CHAPTER I THE CURIE FAMILY. INFANCY AND FIRST STUDIES OF PIERRE CURIE Chapter 2 CHAPTER II DREAMS OF YOUTH. FIRST SCIENTIFIC WORK. DISCOVERY OF PIEZO-ELECTRICITY Chapter 3 CHAPTER III LIFE AS THE DIRECTOR OF LABORATORY WORK IN THE SCHOOL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY. GENERALIZATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF SYMMETRY. INVESTIGATIONS OF MAGNETISM Chapter 4 CHAPTER IV MARRIAGE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE FAMILY LIFE. PERSONALITY AND CHARACTER Chapter 5 CHAPTER V THE DREAM BECOME A REALITY. THE DISCOVERY OF RADIUM Chapter 6 CHAPTER VI THE STRUGGLE FOR MEANS TO WORK. THE BURDEN OF CELEBRITY. THE FIRST ASSISTANCE FROM THE STATE. IT COMES TOO LATE. Chapter 7 CHAPTER VII THE NATION'S SORROW. THE LABORATORIES: "SACRED PLACES" Part 2 PART II Autobiographical Notes Marie Curie Chapter 1 Autobiographical NotesChapter I Chapter 2 Autobiographical Notes Chapter II Chapter 3 Autobiographical Notes Chapter III Chapter 4 Autobiographical NotesChapter IV A Visit to America

26. MSN Encarta : Online Encyclopedia, Dictionary, Atlas, And Homework Tells about the French physicist best known for the work on radioactivity that he did with his wife, Marie. http://encarta.msn.com/find/Concise.asp?z=1&pg=2&ti=761555255

27. Marie And Pierre Curie Detailed biographies of the husbandwife team known for their pioneering research in the field of radiology. http://www.nobel.se/physics/articles/curie/index.html

Marie and Pierre Curie and the Discovery of Polonium and Radium Introduction At the end of the 19th century, a number of discoveries were made in physics which paved the way for the breakthrough of modern physics and led to the revolutionary technical development that is continually changing our daily lives. Around 1886, Heinrich Hertz demonstrated experimentally the existence of radio waves. It is said that Hertz only smiled incredulously when anyone predicted that his waves would one day be sent round the earth. Hertz died in 1894 at the early age of 37. In September 1895, Guglielmo Marconi sent the first radio signal over a distance of 1.5 km. In 1901 he spanned the Atlantic. Hertz did not live long enough to experience the far-reaching positive effects of his great discovery, nor of course did he have to see it abused in bad television programs. It is hard to predict the consequences of new discoveries in physics. On November 8, 1895, Henri Becquerel was exposing salts of uranium to sunlight to study whether the new radiation could have a connection with luminescence, he found out by chance - thanks to a few days of cloudy weather - that another new type of radiation was being spontaneously emanated without the salts of uranium having to be illuminated - a radiation that could pass through metal foil and darken a photographic plate. The two researchers who were to play a major role in the continued study of this new radiation were Marie and Pierre Curie.

28. Pierre Curie E HAD THE HAPPIEST OF CHILDHOODS, but the unorthodox nature of his educationmeant that pierre curie was never quite accepted by the French scientific http://www.aip.org/history/curie/pierre.htm

Exhibit Contents Polish Girlhood A Student in Paris Research Breakthroughs Founding The Radium Industry Recognition and Disappointment Tragedy and Adjustment Scandal and Recovery War Duty The Radium Institute A Second Generation of Curies Further Info Pierre Curie Marie Curie and Her Legend Mendeleev and The Periodic Table Radioactivity: The Unstable Nucleus Fred Joliot and Irene Curie Discovery Paper by the Curies "Radium" by M. Curie Further Reading and Links Exhibit Credits Site Map Exhibit Contents Page More History Exhibits E HAD THE HAPPIEST OF CHILDHOODS , but the unorthodox nature of his education meant that Pierre Curie was never quite accepted by the French scientific establishment. His father, a physician, believed that his son's intellect and personality could be best nurtured through private tutoring. By the age of 14 Pierre had demonstrated a passion and a gift for mathematics. At 16 he began university studies and at 18 he was awarded the equivalent of an American master's degree. But lack of money forced him to put off work toward his doctorate indefinitely. Instead he became a poorly paid laboratory instructor. Marie Curie The brothers meanwhile put their discovery to immediate practical use by devising the piezoelectric quartz electrometer, which can measure faint electric currents. Nearly two decades later, the device helped Marie Curie in her early research. In the century following its discovery by the Curie brothers, the piezoelectric effect was put to use in such familiar everyday devices as microphones, quartz watches, and electronic components.

29. MSN Encarta - Curie, Pierre curie, pierre ( 18591906), French physicist and Nobel laureate, best known for the work on energy and subatomic particles. pierre curie also worked on important topics in http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761555255

30. Faculté De Médecine St-Antoine Renseignements administratifs. Programmes des cours. Publications. Liste des DU et DIU. Universit© pierre et Marie curie, Paris 6. http://www.chusa.jussieu.fr/

31. Anciens élèves Du Lycée Pierre Et Marie Curie, Annaba, Algérie, Photos et annuaires des anciens ©l¨ves et professeurs. http://m.pierne.free.fr

Mon audience Xiti News " En composant ces quelques pages, nous avons simplement souhaité qu'en les retrouvant un jour, le plus grand nombre d'entre nous puisse se dire...........c'était tout de même le bon temps. " C. LALLEMAND 1978 Nouveau cliquez sur l'image ! Objectifs de ce site DESCARTES d'ALGER Bertrand CHOLLET accueil inscription photos liens

32. Pierre Curie --  Encyclopædia Britannica curie, pierre Encyclopædia Britannica Article. , curie, pierre Frenchphysical chemist and cowinner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=28705&tocid=0&query=pierre-hyacinthe aza

33. Serveur UFR Sciences De La Vie (Paris 6) Informations sur l'enseignement, pr©sentation des laboratoires, actualit©s et services. UFR 927. http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/

Sciences de la Vie UFR 927 (UPMC) Paris 6 Ce serveur est optimisé pour utiliser le mode "frame". Votre navigateur ne vous permet pas la gestion de ce mode. Pour mettre à jour votre machine, cliquez sur la version de votre choix (v ersion Windows M acintosh et Unix) Internet Explorer (version Windows et Macintosh) Autres logiciels pour accessibilité réduite Pour la page de garde sans frame cliquez ici

34. Pierre Curie Winner Of The 1903 Nobel Prize In Physics pierre curie, a Nobel Prize Laureate in Physics, at the Nobel Prize Internet Archive. pierre curie. 1903 Nobel Laureate in Physics MARIE and pierre curie( submitted by Paul Harrison) curie http://www.almaz.com/nobel/physics/1903b.html

P IERRE C URIE 1903 Nobel Laureate in Physics in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel. Background Residence: France Affiliation: École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles, (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris Featured Internet Links Prize co-recipient: Marie Curie The Curies: The Very Model of Modern Spousal Collaboration His wife's other Nobel Prize in Chemistry His daughter and fellow Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, Irene Joliot-Curie His son-in-law and fellow Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, Frederic Joliot-Curie His son-in-law, the director of the Nobel Peace Prize Winning Institution UNICEF , Henry R. Labouisse was married to Eve Curie. Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors Marie and Pierre Curie and the Discovery of Polonium and Radium Marie Curie, a short history (submitted by Greg Norman, VI form, King Edward VI scoohl, Southampton,UK (submitted by régine marti Pierre Curie photo PIERRE CURIE: Top Biography (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar Marie and Pierre Curie and the Discovery of Polonium and Radium by Nanny Fröman (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar Nobel population 1901-50: anatomy of a scientific elite (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar MARIE and PIERRE CURIE (submitted by Paul Harrison Curie, Pierre (1859-1906)

35. Pierre Curie Winner Of The 1903 Nobel Prize In Physics pierre curie, a Nobel Prize Laureate in Physics, at the Nobel PrizeInternet Archive. pierre curie. 1903 Nobel Laureate in Physics http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/1903b.html

P IERRE C URIE 1903 Nobel Laureate in Physics in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel. Background Residence: France Affiliation: École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles, (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris Featured Internet Links Prize co-recipient: Marie Curie The Curies: The Very Model of Modern Spousal Collaboration His wife's other Nobel Prize in Chemistry His daughter and fellow Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, Irene Joliot-Curie His son-in-law and fellow Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, Frederic Joliot-Curie His son-in-law, the director of the Nobel Peace Prize Winning Institution UNICEF , Henry R. Labouisse was married to Eve Curie. Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors Marie and Pierre Curie and the Discovery of Polonium and Radium Marie Curie, a short history (submitted by Greg Norman, VI form, King Edward VI scoohl, Southampton,UK (submitted by régine marti Pierre Curie photo PIERRE CURIE: Top Biography (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar Marie and Pierre Curie and the Discovery of Polonium and Radium by Nanny Fröman (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar Nobel population 1901-50: anatomy of a scientific elite (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar MARIE and PIERRE CURIE (submitted by Paul Harrison Curie, Pierre (1859-1906)

36. Physics 1903 (18521908) Nobel for the discovery of radioactivity in 1896, shared with pierre curie and Marie curie. France, ‰cole Polytechnique, Paris, France. http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1903/index.html

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity" "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel" Antoine Henri Becquerel Pierre Curie Marie Curie, née Sklodowska 1/2 of the prize 1/4 of the prize 1/4 of the prize France France France École Polytechnique Paris, France École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry) Paris, France b. 1852 d. 1908 b. 1859 d. 1906 b. 1867 (in Warsaw, Poland) d. 1934 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 Presentation Speech Henri Becquerel Biography ... Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911 The 1903 Prize in: Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature ... Peace Find a Laureate: SITE FEEDBACK CONTACT TELL A FRIEND Last modified June 24, 2003 The Official Web Site of The Nobel Foundation

37. Bianisotropics 2002 Conference 9th international conference on electromagnetics of complex media. Coorganized by Cadi Ayyad University and pierre Marie curie University. http://www.ccr.jussieu.fr/bian02/

38. Curie, Marie (1867-1934) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biography In later years, Marie and pierre s daughter Iréne Joliotcurie and son-in-law FrédéricJoliot-curie won Nobel Prizes, as did her neighbor and close friend http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/CurieMarie.html

Branch of Science Chemists Branch of Science Physicists ... Physics Prize Curie, Marie (1867-1934) Polish maiden name: Maria Sklodowska. Polish-French chemist who gave the name "radioactivity" to the emission of radiation from atoms. Working with her husband, Pierre , she showed thorium, as well as uranium to be radioactive, and demonstrated that the radioactivity of a substance was proportional to the quantity of radioactive material present. Noticing that the radioactivity in some samples was too high to explain by any concentration of uranium, she set out to isolate the source of the radioactivity. In 1898, she discovered polonium in pitchblende. The radioactivity was not strong enough to explain the observations, however, so further investigations were carried out. Later that year, Marie discovered a trace amount of highly radioactive radium. During the course of four years, the Curies refined eight tons of raw ore to produce one gram of radium. Marie shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in physics with her husband Pierre and Henri Becquerel for the investigation of radioactivity. She also received the 1911 Nobel Prize in chemistry for her discovery of two new elements, which she had to accept alone because her husband had been killed in a traffic accident. This makes Madame Curie one of only four people to have received two Nobel Prizes:

39. Bienvenue Au Musée Curie Mus©e et archives de l'Institut du radium. Documents sur pierre et Marie curie. Pr©sentation des activit©s p©dagogiques, du centre de documentation, de la phototh¨que et informations pratiques. Paris. http://musee.curie.fr/

BIENVENUE SUR LE SITE DU MUSEE CURIE Statut et services historique Informations pratiques Ressources historiques ... Autres sites...

40. Curie, Pierre curie, pierre (18591906). French pierre curie was born in Paris andeducated at the Sorbonne, becoming an assistant there 1878. He http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/C/curie/2.html

Curie, Pierre French scientist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics 1903 with his wife Marie Curie and Henri Becquerel . From 1896 the Curies had worked together on radioactivity, discovering two radioactive elements. Pierre Curie was born in Paris and educated at the Sorbonne, becoming an assistant there 1878. He discovered the piezoelectric effect and, after being appointed head of the laboratory of the Ecole de Physique et Chimie, went on to study magnetism and formulate Curie's law, which states that magnetic susceptibility is inversely proportional to absolute temperature. In 1895 he discovered the Curie point, the critical temperature at which a paramagnetic substance become ferromagnetic. In 1904 he became professor of physics at the Sorbonne.

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