21. Chu, Steven chu, steven. ( b. Feb. 28, 1948, St. Louis, Mo., U.S.), American physicist who, with Claude CohenTannoudji and William D. pioneering research in cooling and trapping atoms using laser light. chu http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/736_8.html

Chu, Steven (b. Feb. 28, 1948, St. Louis, Mo., U.S.), American physicist who, with Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William D. Phillips , was awarded the 1997 Nobel Prize for Physics for their independent, pioneering research in cooling and trapping atoms using laser light. In 1985 Chu and his coworkers used an array of intersecting laser beams to create an effect they called "optical molasses," in which the speed of target atoms was reduced from about 4,000 kilometres per hour to about one kilometre per hour, as if the atoms were moving through thick molasses. The temperature of the slowed atoms approached absolute zero (-273.15 C, or -459.67 F). Chu and his colleagues also developed an atomic trap using lasers and magnetic coils that enabled them to capture and study the chilled atoms. Phillips and Cohen-Tannoudji expanded on Chu's work, devising ways to use lasers to trap atoms at temperatures even closer to absolute zero. These techniques make it possible for scientists to improve the accuracy of atomic clocks used in space navigation, to construct atomic interferometers that can precisely measure gravitational forces, and to design atomic lasers that can be used to manipulate electronic circuits at an extremely fine scale.

22. Chu, Steven --  Britannica Student Encyclopedia continued. chu, steven Britannica Student Encyclopedia. Additional references aboutchu, steven. MLA style chu, steven. Britannica Student Encyclopedia. 2004. http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article?eu=334517&query=chu, steven&ct=ebi

23. Chu, Steven --  Britannica Student Encyclopedia MLA style " chu, steven." Britannica Student Encyclopedia. 2004 APA style chu, steven. Britannica Student Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 6, 2004, from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article?eu=334516

24. LookSmart - Directory - Steven Chu YOU ARE HERE Home Sciences Physics Physicists Physicists CD chu, steven. Jointhe Zeal community and help build the steven chu Directory Category. http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317914/us55566/us330165/us331335/us33

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); Home IN the directory this category YOU ARE HERE Home Sciences Physics Physicists ... Physicists C-D Steven Chu - Learn about physicist Steven Chu, who won the 1997 Nobel Prize for trapping atoms with lasers. Directory Listings About Chu, Steven - 1997 Nobel Autobiography Learn about the man who, along with Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William D. Phillips, developed methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. Chu, Steven - 1997 Nobel Prize Supplies an autobiography of the corecipient of the physics prize, awarded for Chu's work on trapping atoms with lasers. Chu, Steven - Encyclopedia Britannica Presents a career profile of the man who is best known for his research into cooling and trapping atoms using lasers. Chu, Steven - Stanford University Find contact information, a list of career highlights and awards, and a summary of Chu's areas of research. We're always looking for ways to improve your search experience. Tell us how we're doing. Join the Zeal community and help build the "Steven Chu" Directory Category IN the directory this category About Us Advertise with Us Advertiser Log-in Terms of Service

25. MSN Encarta - Chu, Steven Already a subscriber? Sign in above. chu, steven. chu, steven (1948– ),American physicist and Nobel laureate. Find more about chu, steven from, http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761596406/Chu_Steven.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Subscription Article MSN Encarta Premium: Get this article, plus 60,000 other articles, an interactive atlas, dictionaries, thesaurus, articles from 100 leading magazines, homework tools, daily math help and more for $4.95/month or $29.95/year (plus applicable taxes.) Learn more. This article is exclusively available for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers. Already a subscriber? Sign in above. Chu, Steven Chu, Steven (1948– ), American physicist and Nobel laureate. Chu led a team of physicists in the mid-1980s who were the first to trap atoms (one of the... Related Items Absolute Zero Atom 9 items Multimedia Sidebars SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES Laser Trapping of Neutral Particles Want more Encarta? Become a subscriber today and gain access to: Daily Math Help Literature Guides Researcher Tools Paper-Writing Guides 60,000 + articles Interactive Atlas Magazine Center Find more about Chu, Steven

26. Chu, Steven - Physik Lexikon - Chu, Steven Translate this page chu, steven. chu, steven (*1948), amerikanischer Physiker und Nobelpreisträger,der ua bedeutende Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet der Tiefsttemperaturphysik leistete. http://www.physik-lexikon.de/viewlexikon2.php?suchwort=Chu, Steven

27. Chu, Steven chu, steven, chu, steven Gosc dorota, 16.12.2002 1114 niesamowicie dlogabiografia noblisty jestem studentkom fizyki inie zadawala mnie tak ilosc http://serwisy.gazeta.pl/nauka/1,34157,524115.html

Blogi Forum Poczta Randki ... Gazeta Wyborcza on error resume next FlashMode = (IsObject(CreateObject("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash.4"))) Sub KJDJBKVTGPQIOWLBMLQQYGAUDUSPWW_FSCommand(ByVal command, ByVal args) call KJDJBKVTGPQIOWLBMLQQYGAUDUSPWW_DoFSCommand(command, args) end sub Wiadomo¶ci Kraj ¦wiat Sport ... ABC ludzie Sobota , 5 czerwca 2004 Chu, Steven ZOBACZ TAK¯E Pu³apka na atomy redPor 06-11-2001, ostatnia aktualizacja 06-11-2001 12:20 Laureat Nagrody Nobla z fizyki za rok 1997 Steven Chu urodzi³ siê w St. Louis (Missouri, USA) w roku 1948. Doktorat z fizyki zrobi³ w 1976 r. na Uniwersytecie Kalifornijskim w Berkeley. W 1990 r. uzyska³ stopieñ profesora na Uniwersytecie Stanforda, gdzie wyk³ada do dzi¶. dn Wersja do druku Wy¶lij znajomym Podyskutuj na forum Wasze opinie W±tek zarchwizowany. Chu, Steven Go¶æ: dorota, niesamowicie d³oga biografia noblisty jestem studentkom fizyki inie zadawala mnie tak ilo¶æ + wszystkie opinie Poleæ ... Mapa serwisu var gemius_identifier = new String('1kjm7tsn9iWsVMzxIoZV9ve7/arg=34157');

28. Chu, Steven chu, steven. (1948). Americký fyzik (narozen v Missouri), kterýbyl spolu s Williamem D. Phillipsem a Claudem CohenemTannoudjim http://www.aldebaran.cz/famous/people/Chu_Steven.html

Chu, Steven Americký fyzik (narozen v Missouri), který byl spolu s Williamem D. Phillipsem a Claudem Cohenem-Tannoudjim odmìnìn Nobelovou cenou za fyziku pro rok 1997 za svùj prùkopnický výzkum v oblasti ochlazování a zachytávání atomù plynù pomocí laserového svazku. V roce 1985 Chu a jeho spolupracovníci dosáhli pùsobením pole rùznobìžných laserových paprskù efektu, který je znám pod jménem optical molasses . Rychlost cílových atomù se pøi prùchodu hustým optickým prostøedím zbrzdí z asi 4000 km/h na asi jeden km/h. Teplota odpovídající rychlosti takto se pohybujících atomù se blíží absolutní nule -273,15° C . Tato technologie umožòuje vìdcùm zvýšit pøesnost atomových hodin používaných k navigaci v kosmu, konstruovat interferometry, které jsou schopny zachytit gravitaèní vlny a navrhovat lasery, které mohou pracovat s extrémnì jemnými a malými elektronickými obvody. Technologie ochlazování atomù laserem umožnila získání Bose-Einsteinova kondenzátu plynných par kovù - nového stavu hmoty, který byl objeven roce 1995 ( Eric Cornell Wolfgang Ketterle Carl Wieman ) a teoreticky pøedpovìzen v sedmdesátých letech Albertem Einsteinem a Satyedrou Bosem

29. CHU, STEVEN - CIRS chu, steven Email schu@leland.stanford.edu Professor of Physics and Applied Physicsat Stanford University Thèmes de recherche Atomic Physics (Current http://www.cirs-tm.org/Chercheurs/chercheurs1.php?id=404

30. CHU, STEVEN - CIRS chu, steven Email schu@leland.stanford.edu Professor of Physics and Applied Physicsat Stanford University Temas de Investigación Atomic Physics (Current http://www.cirs-tm.org/investigadores/investigadores.php?id=404

31. National Academy Of Sciences - Members chu, steven Stanford University. chu is known for observing and measuringthe optical spectra of the leptonic atoms positronium and http://www4.nationalacademies.org/nas/naspub.nsf/(urllinks)/NAS-58N4DK?opendocum

32. CAPLEX Nettleksikon Www.caplex.no Christophers . Christov Chrysanthemu . Chrysler Cor . chu, steven chuangtzuchulalongkor . S, T, U, V, W, X. Y, Z, Æ, Ø, Å, Artikkel. chu, steven, f. 1948,am. http://www.caplex.no/web/artikkel/artdetalj.asp?art_id=9800671

33. Steven Chu Winner Of The 1997 Nobel Prize In Physics steven chu, a Nobel Prize Laureate in Physics, at the Nobel PrizeInternet Archive. steven chu. steven chu bio (submitted by El). http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/1997a.html

S TEVEN C HU 1997 Nobel Laureate in Physics for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. Background Born: 1948 Place of birth: St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. Education: Ph.D.'76 from the University of California, Berkeley Residence: California, U.S.A. Affiliation: Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A. Email: schu@leland.stanford.edu Phone: (415)-723-3571 Fax: (415)-723-9173 Book Store Photons and Atoms: Introduction to Quantum Electrodynamics by Claude Cohen-Tannoudji et. al. Lasers - a thorough treatment of lasers and related fields Other books on lasers are available here for browsing Featured Internet Links Prize co-recipient: Claude Cohen-Tannoudji Prize co-recipient: William D. Phillips Official award announcement and brief background Additional background on the discovery ... Professor Chu's Home Page at Stanford University (submitted by Marcos Montes Stanford University Press Release An article in Stanford Online Report Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors CNN coverage of the 1997 Physics Nobel Prize MSNBC's coverage of the Prize Atom cooling and trapping Atom Optics, Cooling, and Trapping

34. Photography : : |Steven Chu| : : StEEvay steve chu, steven chu, steven, chu, steevay, heyheysteevay, stuchu, monterey park,california, santa monica, photography, uc berkeley, berkeley, university of http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~steevay/

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35. Photography : : |Steven Chu| : : StEEvay http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~steevay/index1.html

36. Biography Of steven chu, Ph.D. CoWinner, Nobel Prize in Physics, 1997. Dr. stevenchu is the Theodore and Frances Geballe Professor of Physics http://www.asianamerican.net/bios/Chu-Steven.html

Steven Chu, Ph.D. Co-Winner, Nobel Prize in Physics, 1997 Dr. Steven Chu is the Theodore and Frances Geballe Professor of Physics and Applied Physics at Stanford University. Professor Chu's research is primarily in atomic physics, quantum electronics, polymer and biophysics. His thesis and postdoctoral work at Berkeley, under Professor Eugene Commins, was the observation of parity non-conservation in atomic transitions in 1978. This experiment was one of the earliest atomic physics confirmations of the Weinberg-Salam-Glashow theory that unifies the weak and electromagnetic forces. Dr. Chu also showed that light pulses are able to propagate in absorbing medium where the velocity of the pulse can reach infinity and even become negative. (A negative velocity is defined where the peak of the pulse exits the sample before it enters the sample.) Professor Chu has been awarded a number of prizes such as the Herbert Broida Prize for Spectroscopy (American Physical Society, 1987), Richtmyer Memorial Prize Lecturer (APS/AAPT, 1990), co-winner of the King Faisal International Prize for Science (1993), the Arthur Schawlow Prize for Laser Science (APS, 1994), the William Meggers Award for Laser Spectroscopy (Optical Society of America, 1994), the Science for Art Prize (Louis Vitton - Möet Hennesey, 1995), and

37. Skolavpohode.cz chu, steven (1948) Americký fyzik (narozen v Missouri), který bylspolu s Williamem D. Phillipsem a Claudem CohenemTannoudjim http://www.skolavpohode.cz/clanek.asp?polozkaID=3487

38. Zeal.com - United States - New - Library - Sciences - Physics - Physicists - Phy A great resource for United States New - Library - Sciences - Physics - Physicists- Physicists CD - chu, steven. chu, steven Preview Category, http://zeal.com/category/preview.jhtml?cid=330750

39. Optics References chu, steven, Science 253, 861866, 1991. chu, steven, Scientific American, February1992. Delacerda, Fred,Collision Avoidance, Flight Training, May 1991. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/optics/optref.html

Optics References Ackerman, Eugene, Biophysical Science, Prentice-Hall, 1962. Considerable material on vision from a medical point of view. Benedek, GB, Lastovka, JB, Fritsch, K and Greytak, T. , J. Opt. Soc. Am. 54, 1284 (1964). Boraiko, Allen A, A Splendid Light: Lasers, National Geographic 165, March 1984, p335 Caulfield, H. John, The Wonder of Holography, National Geographic 165, March 1984, p365 Chu, Steven, Science 253, 861-866, 1991 Chu, Steven, Scientific American, February 1992. Delacerda, Fred,Collision Avoidance, Flight Training, May 1991. Some interesting details about accommodation of the eye. Electro-Optics Handbook, Waynant, R.W. and Ediger, M.N., Editors, Optical and Electro-Optical Engineering Series, McGraw-Hill, 1994. Fleming, G R, Chemical Applications of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, International Series of Monographs on Chemistry, Oxford University Press, 1986. Fortner, Brand, "Number by Color, Pt 1.", Scitech Journal 5, 19, Sep. 1995" Fortner, Brand and Meyer, Theodore E., Number by Colors, Springer-Verlag, 1997 Garmire, Elsa, Applications of Lasers, essay in Fundamentals of Physics, 4th Ed, Halliday, Resnick and Walker, Wiley, 1993.

40. Bell Labs: Steven Chu, Former Bell Labs Researcher, Wins Nobel In Physics steven chu, former Bell Labs researcher, wins Nobel in physics SANTACLARA, Calif. (Oct. 15, 1997) steven chu of Stanford University http://www.bell-labs.com/news/1997/october/15/1.html

Bell Labs Home About Bell Labs History Awards ... FAQs Steven Chu, former Bell Labs researcher, wins Nobel in physics SANTA CLARA, Calif. (Oct. 15, 1997) Steven Chu of Stanford University, a former researcher at Bell Labs, was named a winner of this year's Nobel Prize in physics. Chu, 49, and two other scientists were cited for developing ways to cool atoms to extremely low temperatures with laser light, techniques used in other fields of science as well as physics. It was at Bell Labs that in 1983 he began the work that led to the Nobel. Chu shares the prize with William D. Phillips of the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji of France. This year is the second in a row that the physics prize has gone for work done at temperatures of near-absolute zero, the point at which all movement theoretically stops. Last year's prize went to Americans David M. Lee, Robert C. Richardson and Douglas C. Osheroff for discovering that a helium isotope behaves in unusual ways at extremely low temperatures. Osheroff also once did research at Bell Labs. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, in awarding Chu the Nobel, said the new laureates' work "may lead to the design of more-precise atomic clocks for use in space navigation and accurate determination of position."

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