21. Niels Bohr | Physicist Brief biography and book references. http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/95oct/nbohr.html

Resources Menu Categorical Index Library Gallery Niels Bohr Physicist The opposite of a correct statement is a false statement. But the opposite of a profound truth may well be another profound truth. Niels Bohr Niels Bohr was born on October 7, 1885 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Bohr made numerous contributions to our understanding of atomic structure and quantum mechanics. He won the 1922 Nobel Prize for physics, chiefly for his work on the structure of atoms. Bohr received his doctorate in physics from the University of Copenhagen in 1911. He then traveled to Manchester, England to study under British physicist Ernest Rutherford. In 1913 Bohr published a theory about the structure of the atom based on an earlier theory of Rutherford's. Rutherford had shown that the atom consisted of a positively charged nucleus, with negatively charged electrons in orbit around it. Bohr expanded upon this theory by proposing that electrons travel only in certain successively larger orbits. He suggested that the outer orbits could hold more electrons than the inner ones, and that these outer orbits determine the atom's chemical properties. Bohr also described the way atoms emit radiation by suggesting that when an electron jumps from an outer orbit to an inner one, that it emits light. Later other physicists expanded his theory into quantum mechanics. This theory explains the structure and actions of complex atoms. Bohr became a professor of physics at the University of Copenhagen in 1916. In 1920 Bohr was named director of the newly constructed "Institute of Theoretical Physics" at the University. Bohr became a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1926, receiving the Royal Society Copley Medal in 1938. During World War II, Bohr fled Copenhagen to escape the Nazis. He traveled to Los Alamos, New Mexico to advise the scientists developing the first atomic bomb. He returned to Copenhagen after the war and later promoted the peaceful use of atomic energy.

22. Niels Bohr Archive A repository of primary material for the history of modern physics, pertaining in particular to the early development of quantum mechanics and the life and career of niels bohr. News, collections, library, publications and seminars. http://www.nba.nbi.dk/

Practical Information People Annual Reports: Previous Recent News Collections: Niels Bohr ... Publications Niels Bohr Archive Topical pages on this site: Topical photograph Historical Sites of Physical Science in Copenhagen Documents released on 6 February 2002 relating to 1941 Bohr-Heisenberg meeting ... Hilde Levi : 1909 - 2003 Mail address: nba at nbi.dk Web address: www.nba.nbi.dk Last updated: June 2003

23. Niels Bohr - Biography niels bohr – Biography. niels Henrik lawyer). niels bohr died in Copenhagen on November 18, 1962. From Nobel Lectures. Physics http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1922/bohr-bio.html

Niels Henrik David Bohr was born in Copenhagen on October 7, 1885, as the son of Christian Bohr, Professor of Physiology at Copenhagen University , and his wife Ellen, Adler. Niels, together with his younger brother Harald (the future Professor in Mathematics), grew up in an atmosphere most favourable to the development of his genius - his father was an eminent physiologist and was largely responsible for awakening his interest in physics while still at school, his mother came from a family distinguished in the field of education. After matriculation at the Gammelholm Grammar School in 1903, he entered Copenhagen University where he came under the guidance of Professor C. Christiansen, a profoundly original and highly endowed physicist, and took his Master's degree in Physics in 1909 and his Doctor's degree in 1911. While still a student, the announcement by the Academy of Sciences in Copenhagen of a prize to be awarded for the solution of a certain scientific problem, caused him to take up an experimental and theoretical investigation of the surface tension by means of oscillating fluid jets. This work, which he carried out in his father's laboratory and for which he received the prize offered (a gold medal), was published in the Transactions of the Royal Society, 1908. Bohr's subsequent studies, however, became more and more theoretical in character, his doctor's disputation being a purely theoretical piece of work on the explanation of the properties of the metals with the aid of the electron theory, which remains to this day a classic on the subject. It was in this work that Bohr was first confronted with the implications of Planck's quantum theory of radiation.

24. Physics 1922 niels Henrik David bohr. Denmark. niels bohr Biography Nobel Lecture Banquet Speech Swedish Nobel Stamps Other Resources. prev 1921, 1923 next. http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1922/

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them" Niels Henrik David Bohr Denmark Copenhagen University Copenhagen, Denmark b. 1885 d. 1962 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 Presentation Speech Niels Bohr Biography ... Other Resources The 1922 Prize in: Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature ... Peace Find a Laureate: SITE FEEDBACK CONTACT TELL A FRIEND Last modified January 14, 2004 The Official Web Site of The Nobel Foundation

25. Niels Bohr Figures in Radiation History. ( niels bohr) Ernest Rutherford's model of the atom, developed at the turn of the century, pictured negatively charged electrons moving in circular orbits about a positively charged nucleus. not emit electromagnetic radiation. niels bohr provided the explanation by incorporating Max http://www.orcbs.msu.edu/radiation/radhistory/nielsbohr.html

Figures in Radiation History (Niels Bohr) Thanks to the following group for allowing us to reprint this information: The Health Physics Society 1313 Dolley Madison Blvd., Suite 402 Mclean, Virginia 22101 Tel: 703-790-1745 Fax: 703-790-2672 Back to the Figures in Radiation History Page Back to the ORCBS Radiation Safety Page(s) Back to the ORCBS Home Page

26. Bohr, Niels bohr, niels. bohr. By 1985). A more technical biography is Abraham Pais, niels bohr s Times In Physics, Philosophy, and Polity (1991). http://www.britannica.com/nobel/macro/5000_79.html

Bohr, Niels Bohr By courtesy of the Nobelstiftelsen, Stockholm Introduction One of the foremost scientists of the 20th century, Niels Henrik David Bohr was the first to apply the quantum theory, which restricts the energy of a system to certain discrete values, to the problem of atomic and molecular structure. He was a guiding spirit and major contributor to the development of quantum mechanics and atomic physics . His work on atomic theory was recognized by the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922. Early life. Bohr was born in Copenhagen on Oct. 7, 1885. His father, Christian Bohr, professor of physiology at the University of Copenhagen, was known for his work on the physical and chemical aspects of respiration. His mother, Ellen Adler Bohr, came from a wealthy Jewish family prominent in Danish banking and parliamentary circles. Bohr's scientific interests and abilities were evident early, and they were encouraged and fostered in a warm, intellectual family atmosphere. Niels's younger brother, Harald, became a brilliant mathematician. Bohr distinguished himself at the University of Copenhagen, winning a gold medal from the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters for his theoretical analysis of and precise experiments on the vibrations of water jets as a way of determining surface tension. In 1911 he received his doctorate for a thesis on the electron theory of metals that stressed the inadequacies of

27. Niels Bohr --  Encyclopædia Britannica bohr, niels Encyclopædia Britannica Article. niels bohr born Oct. 7, 1885, Copenhagen, Den. died Nov. MLA style niels bohr. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=108661

28. Niels Bohr Institutet - Offentlige Hjemmesider Popul¦rvidenskabelige sider om instituttets forskning i h¸jenergifysik, kernefysik, biofysik og komplekse systemer. http://ung.nbi.dk/

Klik for at se subatomar fysik . I bio- og kaosfysikken er et fællestræk den kompleksitet, man finder i stof opbygget af mange atomer. Deraf navnet komplekse systemers fysik Kort om Niels Bohr Institutet Kort om Niels Bohr (engelsk) LINKS: Niels Bohr Institutet Ørsted Laboratoriet Astronomisk Observatorium Geofysisk Afdeling ... Flere links Kommentarer, fejl og mangler skriv til: Webmaster Ide og design: Peter Z. Skands

29. Bohr, Niels (1885-1962) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biography bohr, niels (18851962), Danish physicist who proposed a successful quantum model of the atom in 1913. Blaedel, N. Harmony and Unity The Life of niels bohr. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/BohrNiels.html

Branch of Science Physicists Nationality Danish ... Scientific Families Bohr, Niels (1885-1962) Danish physicist who proposed a successful quantum model of the atom in 1913. His model assumed that (1) the electron exists at precise distances from the nucleus, (2) as long as an electron remains in one location, no energy is given off, (3) electrons have circular orbits (this is only correct for s orbitals), and (4) the angular momenta associated with allowed electron motion are integral multiples of . Bohr stated the Correspondence Principle, which states that quantum mechanical formulas must reduce to the classical results in the limit of large quantum number. He also advocated a probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics known as the Copenhagen interpretation Bohr (Aage) Bohr (Christian) Bohr (Harald) Additional biographies: MacTutor (St. Andrews) References Blaedel, N. Harmony and Unity: The Life of Niels Bohr. Madison, WI: Science Tech, 1988. Murdoch, D. Niels Bohr's Philosophy of Physics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987. Pais, A.

30. Bohr_Niels niels Henrik David bohr. Born 7 Oct 1885 niels bohr s father was Christian bohr and his mother was Ellen Adler. Christian bohr was awarded http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bohr_Niels.html

Niels Henrik David Bohr Born: 7 Oct 1885 in Copenhagen, Denmark Died: 18 Nov 1962 in Copenhagen, Denmark Click the picture above to see ten larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Niels Bohr 's father was Christian Bohr and his mother was Ellen Adler. Christian Bohr was awarded a doctorate in physiology from the University of Copenhagen in 1880 and in 1881 he became a Privatdozent at the university. Late in the same year he married Ellen, who was the daughter of David Adler, a Jewish politician with a high standing in Danish political and commercial life. Christian and Ellen had three children. The eldest was Jenny born in 1883 in the mansion which David Adler had owned opposite Christiansborg Castle where the Danish Parliament sat. Ellen's mother had continued to live in this house after her husband David Adler died in 1878 and Ellen had gone back to her mother's home to have her child. Two years later Niels was born on his mother's 25 th birthday in the same stately home, Ellen again having returned to her mother's house for the birth of her child. The third child of the family, who went on to become a famous mathematician, was

31. Bohr_Niels Biography of niels bohr (18851962) niels bohr's father was Christian bohr and his mother was Ellen Adler. Christian bohr was awarded a doctorate in physiology http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bohr_Niels.html

Niels Henrik David Bohr Born: 7 Oct 1885 in Copenhagen, Denmark Died: 18 Nov 1962 in Copenhagen, Denmark Click the picture above to see ten larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Niels Bohr 's father was Christian Bohr and his mother was Ellen Adler. Christian Bohr was awarded a doctorate in physiology from the University of Copenhagen in 1880 and in 1881 he became a Privatdozent at the university. Late in the same year he married Ellen, who was the daughter of David Adler, a Jewish politician with a high standing in Danish political and commercial life. Christian and Ellen had three children. The eldest was Jenny born in 1883 in the mansion which David Adler had owned opposite Christiansborg Castle where the Danish Parliament sat. Ellen's mother had continued to live in this house after her husband David Adler died in 1878 and Ellen had gone back to her mother's home to have her child. Two years later Niels was born on his mother's 25 th birthday in the same stately home, Ellen again having returned to her mother's house for the birth of her child. The third child of the family, who went on to become a famous mathematician, was

32. Niels Bohr Kort biografi om fysikeren, hans atommodel, det periodiske system og kvanteteorien. http://www104.thinkquest.dk/historie/his_bohr.htm

Historisk Niels Henrik David Bohr Niels Bohr tre notater. Disse notater blev et vigtigt led i forskningen omkring kvanteteorien Det Periodiske System kvanteteorien Det Periodiske System ... [E-mail]

33. Discussions With Einstein On Epistemological Problems In Atomic Physics Report by niels bohr of his discussions with Albert Einstein over many years on the epistemological implications of quantum theory. http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/dk/bohr.htm

Niels Bohr (1949) Discussions with Einstein on Epistemological Problems in Atomic Physics Source : From Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist (1949), publ. Cambridge University Press, 1949. Neils Bohr's report of conversations with Einstein and Einstein's reply. WHEN invited by the Editor of the series, Living Philosophers With unfailing intuition Einstein thus was led step by step to the conclusion that any radiation process involves the emission or absorption of individual light quanta or "photons" with energy and momentum E hf and P hs respectively, where h is Planck's constant, while f and s are the number of vibrations per unit time and the number of waves per unit length, respectively. Notwithstanding its fertility, the idea of the photon implied a quite unforeseen dilemma, since any simple corpuscular picture of radiation would obviously be irreconcilable with interference effects, which present so essential an aspect of radiative phenomena, and which can be described only in terms of a wave picture. The acuteness of the dilemma is stressed by the fact that the interference effects offer our only means of defining the concepts of frequency and wavelength entering into the very expressions for the energy and momentum of the photon. In this situation, there could be no question of attempting a causal analysis of radiative phenomena, but only, by a combined use of the contrasting pictures, to estimate probabilities for the occurrence of the individual radiation processes. However, it is most important to realize that the recourse to probability laws under such circumstances is essentially different in aim from the familiar application of statistical considerations as practical means of accounting for the properties of mechanical systems of great structural complexity. In fact, in quantum physics we are presented not with intricacies of this kind, but with the inability of the classical frame of concepts to comprise the peculiar feature of indivisibility, or "individuality," characterising the elementary processes.

34. Niels Bohr History top Home Historical Notes. bohr, niels Henrik David niels bohr entered Copenhagen University in 1903, emerging in 1911 with his doctorate. http://www.sunderland.ac.uk/~hs0bcl/h_nb.htm

History top Home Historical Notes Bohr, Niels Henrik David Danish physicist, Nobel Prizewinner 1922 for theory of the hydrogen atom Born: Copenhagen, October 7, 1885 Died: Copenhagen, November 18, 1962 Einstein: " God does not play dice. Einstein: " God is not malicious. Bohr: " Einstein, stop telling God what to do. One of the most sparkling and prolonged scientific jousting matches took place between Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein in the 20s and 30s. The latter, who could never accept the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, produced a series of gedanken experiments (thought experiments) designed to disprove the new theory. Bohr would then attempt to show where Einstein had gone wrong. In one of Bohr's successful attempts at this, he was especially pleased to note that Einstein had forgotten that according to his own theory of general relativity clocks run more slowly under the influence of a gravitational field. In terms of scientific brilliance Niels Bohr is right at the top, perhaps second only to Einstein in the hit parade of 20th century scientists. It seems that every scientist who met Bohr came away with an impression of his deep intellect and his kind, gentle manner. (The phrase "large domed head" seems to occur frequently, too.) Bohr lies at the end of a list of philosopher/scientists which charts the establishment of atomism in the scientific canon over the centuries: from the pre-Socratics Democritus and Leucippus;to Epicurus and Lucretius; to Dalton who was the first to create the concept of atoms in a modern scientific format; to Rutherford and Geiger who demonstrated the nuclear structure of the atom; to Bohr who was able to unite Rutherford's atom with the quantum concept of Planck.

35. International Catalog Of Sources For History Of Physics And Allied Sciences Search records for unpublished source materials in the niels bohr Library archives and over 500 other repositories worldwide. http://libserv.aip.org:81/ipac20/ipac.jsp?profile=icos

36. NBIfAFG: A Short Description niels bohr Institute for Astronomy, Physics and Geophysics. Links to the four consituent laboratories. http://ntserv.fys.ku.dk/hco/afgintro.htm

Blegdamsvej 17 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark Phone: +45 3532 5209 Fax: +45 3532 5217 E-mail: afgadm@nbi.dk The Niels Bohr Institute for Astronomy, Physics and Geophysics (NBIfAFG) was formed January 1st, 1993 and consists of four departments, namely: Astronomical Observatory Department of Geophysics Niels Bohr Institute and Ørsted Laboratory . The institute is governed by a director together with a board. The staff of NBIfAFG consists of four persons: Director , Nils O. Andersen Secretary, Henriette Hansen Secretary, Rutt Mikkelsen Secretary, Birgitta Nordstöm NBIfAFG is responsible for all the teaching of physics at the University of Copenhagen. Undergraduate study and master's programmes are organized by the Teaching Committee . The graduate Ph.D. school and admissions hereto are under the perview of the Ph.D. committee . The research programme of the institute is the responsibility of the Director, the four departments and the Research Committee The institute is situated at three geographically separated localities. The Astronomical Observatory and Department of Geophysics are located in the Rockefeller building on Juliane Maries Vej. The Ørsted Laboratory is at the H.C. Ørsted Institute on Nørre Allé and the Niels Bohr Institute on Blegdamsvej.

37. Complexity Lab Complexity Lab is the niels bohr Institute group for work on biophysics, turbulence, selforganised criticality and other complex systems. http://complexity.nbi.dk/

Complexity Lab Uniting work on complex systems at the Niels Bohr Institute and the Danish Technical University. Complexity Lab consists of four groups: Biocomplexity Kim Sneppen, Kasper Eriksen, Jesper Borg Christian Rischel Kirstine Berg-Sørensen Lene Oddershede ... Simon Flyvbjerg Tolic-Nørrelykke , Jakob Kisbye and Sune Hørlyck. Fluid Complexity Clive Ellegaard, Tomas Bohr, Benny Lautrup, Mogens Levinsen , Preben Alstrøm, Jacob Sparre Andersen , Peter Ditlevsen, Mogens Høgh Jensen and Poul Olesen. The fluid complexity people can also be found as centre for Chaos and Turbulence Studies (CATS). Statistical Complexity: Andy Jackson and Kristian Schaadt. Self-organised Complexity: Kim Sneppen. Meetings of the Complexity Lab Complex systems calendar Latest update: December 3, 2002

38. Physics 1922 (18851962) bohr formulated in 1913 an alternative atomic model, in which only certain circular orbits of the electrons are allowed. In this model light is emitted (or absorbed), when an electron makes a transition from one orbit to another. bohr received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922 for his work on the structure of atoms. http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1922/index.html

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them" Niels Henrik David Bohr Denmark Copenhagen University Copenhagen, Denmark b. 1885 d. 1962 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 Presentation Speech Niels Bohr Biography ... Other Resources The 1922 Prize in: Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature ... Peace Find a Laureate: SITE FEEDBACK CONTACT TELL A FRIEND Last modified January 14, 2004 The Official Web Site of The Nobel Foundation

39. AIP Center For History Of Physics Niels Bohr Library Part of the American Institute of Physics Center for History of Physics; specializes in the history of modern physics and allied fields. http://www.aip.org/history/nblbro.htm

AIP home page Scitation AIP Publications AIP Journals Publishing Services History Center Statistical Research Center Career Services Science News Science Policy Site Index Resources of the Niels Bohr Library Online Answers Reference Works, Books and Journals Archives and Manuscripts Finding Aids ... Using the Library D edicated to the history of physics and allied fields, the Niels Bohr Library is part of the Center for History of Physics of the American Institute of Physics (AIP), located in College Park, Maryland. As part of its international, cooperative strategy to preserve and make known the history of modern physics and allied sciences and their relations with society, the Center maintains the Library to provide reference services and save unique materials where other repositories would be less suitable. Here's an article on the history of the library. The Niels Bohr Library's resources consist of books, journals, archives and manuscripts, photographs, interview tapes and transcripts, and other materials documenting the history of nineteenth and twentieth century physics and allied fields (such as astronomy, geophysics, and optics) in America and throughout the world. Online Answers Search the Niels Bohr Library Book Catalog Search the International Catalog of Sources for History of Physics and Allied Sciences includes Niels Bohr Library archival materials Send us inquiries History

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