21. Binnig, Gerd binnig, gerd. (b. July 20, 1947, Frankfurt am Main, W.Ger.), Germanbornphysicist who shared with Heinrich Rohrer half of the 1986 http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/69_45.html

Binnig, Gerd (b. July 20, 1947, Frankfurt am Main, W.Ger.), German-born physicist who shared with Heinrich Rohrer half of the 1986 Nobel Prize for Physics for their invention of the scanning tunneling microscope Ernst Ruska won the other half of the prize.) Quantum mechanical effects cause an electric current to pass between the extremely fine tip of the STM's tungsten probe and the surface being studied, and the distance between the probe and the surface is kept constant by measuring the current produced and adjusting the probe's height accordingly. By recording the varying elevations of the probe, a topographical map of the surface is obtained on which the contour intervals are so small that individual atoms are clearly recognizable. The tip of the STM's probe is only about one angstrom wide (one ten-billionth of a metre, or about the width of an atom), and the distance between it and the surface being studied is only about 5 or 10 angstroms. In 1984 Binnig joined the IBM Physics Group in Munich. In 1989 he published the book Aus dem Nichts ("Out of Nothing"), which posited that creativity grows from disorder.

22. Binnig, Gerd. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. binnig, gerd. (g rt b n´kh) (KEY) , 1947–, German physicist, Ph.D. Univ. of Frankfurt, 1978. http://www.bartleby.com/65/bi/Binnig-G.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Binnig, Gerd

23. Physics 1986 Ernst Ruska, gerd binnig, Heinrich Rohrer. 1/2 of the prize, 1/4 of the prize, 1/4of the prize. Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Republic of Germany, Switzerland. http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1986/

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986 "for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope" "for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope" Ernst Ruska Gerd Binnig Heinrich Rohrer 1/2 of the prize 1/4 of the prize 1/4 of the prize Federal Republic of Germany Federal Republic of Germany Switzerland Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany IBM Zurich Research Laboratory Rüschlikon, Switzerland IBM Zurich Research Laboratory Rüschlikon, Switzerland b. 1906 d. 1988 b. 1947 b. 1933 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986 Press Release Presentation Speech Ernst Ruska ... Other Resources The 1986 Prize in: Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature ... Economic Sciences Find a Laureate: SITE FEEDBACK CONTACT TELL A FRIEND Last modified June 24, 2003 The Official Web Site of The Nobel Foundation

24. Gerd Binnig Winner Of The 1986 Nobel Prize In Physics gerd binnig, a Nobel Prize Laureate in Physics, at the Nobel Prize Internet Archive. gerd binnig. 1986 Nobel Laureate in Physics Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors. gerd binnig http://www.almaz.com/nobel/physics/1986b.html

G ERD B INNIG 1986 Nobel Laureate in Physics for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope. Background Residence: Federal Republic of Germany Affiliation: IBM Zürich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland Featured Internet Links Prize co-recipient: Heinrich Rohrer A short description of his work Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Nobel News Links Since Its Invention, the Electron Microscope Has Revealed the Details of Life to Scientists Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors Gerd Binnig – Autobiography (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar Short info about Gerd Binnig (submitted by Kuter) Back to The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Literature Peace Chemistry ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

25. Binnig, Gerd binnig, gerd 1947, German physicist, Ph.D. Univ. of Frankfurt, 1978. At the IBM Research Laboratory in Zürich, binnig and fellow researcher Heinrich Rohrer built the first scanning tunneling Bez - Bil. binnig, gerd. NeedMoreBeer.com. Free HTML Editor http://www.slider.com/enc/7000/Binnig_Gerd.htm

26. Ernst Ruska --  Encyclopædia Britannica He was awarded half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1986 (the other half wasdivided between Heinrich Rohrer and gerd binnig). , binnig, gerd Germanborn http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=66125&tocid=0&query=ernst zahn

27. Bight To Bitumen. Alphabetic Index To Entries. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Bingham, Joseph. Bingham Canyon. Binghamton. Binh Dinh. bin Laden, Osama. Binney,Horace. binnig, gerd. Binns, John Alexander. Binnui. binocular. binomial. BíoBío. http://www.bartleby.com/65/index29.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. bight to bitumen bight Big Island bignonia Bigod, Hugh, 1st earl of Norfolk

28. Binnig, Gerd binnig, gerd (1947). I was born in Frankfurt, W. Germany, on 7.20., 47 as the first of two sons. My childhood was very much influenced http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/B/Binnig/Binnig.

Binnig, Gerd I was born in Frankfurt, W. Germany, on 7.20., '47 as the first of two sons. My childhood was very much influenced by the Second World War, which had only just ended. We children had great fun playing among the ruins of the demolished buildings, but naturally were too young to realize that much more than just buildings had been destroyed. My education in physics gained some significance when I began my diploma work in Prof. Dr. W. Martienssen's group, under Dr. E. Hoenig's guidance. I realized that actually doing physics is much more enjoyable than just learning it. Maybe 'doing it' is the right way of learning, at least as far as I am concerned. I have always been a great admirer of Prof. Martienssen, especially of his ability to grasp and state the essence of the scientific context of a problem. Dr. Hoenig introduced me to experimenting, and exhibited great patience when I asked him very stupid questions in trying to catch up on what I had missed over all the previous years. In 1969, Lore Wagler became my wife. We had both been studying for quite a long time - Lore is now a psychologist - so only recently did we decide to have children: a daughter born in Switzerland in 1984, and a son born in California in 1986. This was the absolute highlight and most wonderful experience of my whole life. However, fatherhood is not without its sacrifice. For the time being, nearly all my hobbies, like music (singing, playing the guitar and the violin), and sports (soccer, tennis, skiing, sailing and playing golf) have had to take a back seat.

29. By Dates Simon. 1985, Von Klitzing, Klaus. 1986, Ruska, Ernst binnig, gerd- Rohrer, Heinrich. 1987, Bednorz, J. Georg - Müller, K. Alexander. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Physics/aboutphysics/Nobelprize/dat

Themes Science Physics About Physics, Generalities ... Nobel Prize Laureates in Physics Year Winners Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon Zeeman, Pieter Becquerel, Antoine Henri ... Bragg, William Lawrence The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section Barkla, Charles Glover Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Stark, Johannes Guillaume, Charles Edouard ... Raman, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section Heisenberg, Werner Karl Schrödinger, Erwin Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice The prize money was 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section Chadwick, James Hess, Victor Franz Anderson, Carl David Davisson, Clinton Joseph ... Lawrence, Ernest Orlando The prize money was 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section The prize money was 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section The prize money was 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section Stern, Otto

30. MSN Encarta - Binnig, Gerd Karl Sign in above. binnig, gerd Karl. binnig, gerd Karl (1947 ), German physicistand Nobel Prize winner. Find more about binnig, gerd Karl from, http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761583113/Binnig_Gerd_Karl.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Subscription Article MSN Encarta Premium: Get this article, plus 60,000 other articles, an interactive atlas, dictionaries, thesaurus, articles from 100 leading magazines, homework tools, daily math help and more for $4.95/month or $29.95/year (plus applicable taxes.) Learn more. This article is exclusively available for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers. Already a subscriber? Sign in above. Binnig, Gerd Karl Binnig, Gerd Karl (1947- ), German physicist and Nobel Prize winner. He invented, with colleague Swiss physicist Heinrich Rohrer, the scanning... Related Items scanning tunneling microscope Atom 4 items Multimedia 2 items Selected Web Links Gerd Binnig [Nobel Foundation] Gerd Karl Binnig [National Inventors Hall of Fame] 2 items Sidebars SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES Seeing the Invisible Want more Encarta? Become a subscriber today and gain access to: Daily Math Help Literature Guides Researcher Tools Paper-Writing Guides 60,000 + articles

31. MSN Encarta - Search Results - Haushofer Karl Ernst 5. Ruska, Ernst August Friedrich binnig, gerd Karl*. Article—Encarta Encyclopedia.binnig, gerd Karl (1947 ), German physicist and Nobel Prize winner. http://encarta.msn.com/Haushofer_Karl_Ernst.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Encarta Search results for "Haushofer Karl Ernst" Page of 1 Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers Haushofer, Karl Ernst Article—Encarta Encyclopedia Haushofer, Karl Ernst (1896-1946), German army officer, geographer, and prominent advocate of the geopolitical basis for Nazi plans for world... related items development of geopolitics theory and planning of National Socialism Karl Ernst von Baer Article—Encarta Encyclopedia Baer, Karl Ernst von (1792-1876), Estonian naturalist and embryologist, one of the founders of the modern science of development and ranked among... Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck Article—Encarta Encyclopedia Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig (1858-1947), German physicist and Nobel laureate, who was the originator of the quantum theory. Science: Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Article—Encarta Encyclopedia Found in the Science article Ruska, Ernst August Friedrich: Binnig, Gerd Karl

32. Binnig, Gerd Karl (1947- ), Physicien Allemand http://isimabomba.free.fr/biographies/chimistes/binnig.htm

Gerd Karl Binnig (1947- ) P hysicien allemand. N Louis de Broglie P LISTE HOME

33. Gerd Binnig Translate this page Physiknobelpreis 1986 (Nobel Prize Physics 1986)gerd binnig, dt. Physiker, geb. 20. Juli 1947. http://www.zuta.de/nppyhs/binnig.htm

Physiknobelpreis 1986 (Nobel Prize Physics 1986) Gerd Binnig, dt. Physiker, geb. 20. Juli 1947 (mit der Unterschrift von Bundespraesident Richard von Weizsaecker)

34. Gerd Binnig gerd binnig. Hauptseite/Main Page. binnig,gerd. gerd binnig. Das Schweizer Messer der Nanowelt. gerd binnig - Autobiography. http://www.niester.de/p_natwis/binnig/binnig.html

Gerd Binnig Hauptseite/Main Page Deutsch English Binnig, Gerd Gerd Binnig Das Schweizer Messer der Nanowelt Gerd Binnig - Autobiography ... Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Erstellt am:

35. Index A - ZDeutsch Translate this page Bildung, Schulsystem in Deutschland. Bildung, Schulsystem in den USA. binnig,gerd, Physiker. Binomische Formeln, Mathematik. Biologie, Naturwissenschaften. http://www.niester.de/stichwort/stichwort_d/deutsch_b.html

Index B Deutsch Hauptseite/Main Page Links Kurze Beschreibung Bach, Johann Sebastian Bacon, Roger Alchimist + Erfinder der Brille Allgemein Baekeland, Leo Hendrik Wissenschaftler Balbinus Seefahrer und Entdecker Baldwin, Roger S. Balkan Balkan Geschichte Neuzeit Baltische Staaten Geografie Baltische Staaten Geschichte Bangladesh Geografie Barnard, Christiaan Neethling Er machte die erste Herztransplantation Barnards Pfeilstern Astronomie Bauernkrieg Deutscher Bauernkrieg Biologie Basen Chemie Batavia Geschichte Neuzeit Niederlande Bayern Allgemein Beauvoir, Simone de Dichterin, Schriftstellerin Bebel, August Beck, Ludwig Beethoven, Ludwig van Musiker, Komponist Beheim, Martin Der erste Globus Belgien Geografie Bell, Alexander Graham Erfinder des Telefons Belzec Konzentrationslager Benedikt XII Papst Benelux Benn, Gottfried Schriftsteller Benz, Carl Erfinder des Automobils Bequerel, Antoine - Cesar Physiker Bequerel, Antoine Henri Bergen Belsen Konzentrationslager Bering, Vitus Jonassen Seefahrer und Entdecker Berlin Bundesland und Hauptstadt Berlin, Mauer

36. Binnig, Gerd Karl Site Map. scienceScience—Inventions—The National Inventors Hall of Fame binnig,gerd Karl. Born 1947 Birthplace Frankfurt, Germany Rohrer, Heinrich. http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0767098.html

Science Inventions The National Inventors Hall of Fame Binnig, Gerd Karl Born: Birthplace: Frankfurt, Germany Rohrer, Heinrich Born: Birthplace: Bucs, Switzerland Binnig and Rohrer's microscope can trace details smaller than a single atom and has provided views of the atomic structure of atoms, the interaction of chemical catalysts, and views of microbe enviral interaction. (1994) Bessemer, Henry The National Inventors Hall of Fame Bird, Forest M. Print this page Cite this page AD AD AD ADS Link to Fact Monster Add Fact Monster search to your site ... Privacy Brought to you by:

37. Binnig, Gerd Site Map. encyclopediaEncyclopedia binnig, gerd, gert bin ikh PronunciationKey. binnig, gerd , 1947–, German physicist, Ph.D. Univ. of Frankfurt, 1978. http://www.factmonster.com/cgi-bin/id/A0807605.hmtl

Encyclopedia Binnig, Gerd Pronunciation Key Binnig, Gerd Rohrer built the first scanning tunneling microscope, an instrument so sensitive that it can distinguish individual atoms. For their innovation they shared the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics with Ernst Ruska , who invented (1933) the first electron microscope. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Binney, Horace Binns, John Alexander Print this page Cite this page AD AD AD ADS Link to Fact Monster Add Fact Monster search to your site ... Privacy Brought to you by:

38. Gerd Binnig Winner Of The 1986 Nobel Prize In Physics gerd binnig, a Nobel Prize Laureate in Physics, at the Nobel Prize InternetArchive. gerd binnig. Short info about gerd binnig (submitted by Kuter). http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/1986b.html

G ERD B INNIG 1986 Nobel Laureate in Physics for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope. Background Residence: Federal Republic of Germany Affiliation: IBM Zürich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland Featured Internet Links Prize co-recipient: Heinrich Rohrer A short description of his work Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Nobel News Links Since Its Invention, the Electron Microscope Has Revealed the Details of Life to Scientists Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors Gerd Binnig – Autobiography (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar Short info about Gerd Binnig (submitted by Kuter) Back to The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Literature Peace Chemistry ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

39. Binning, Gerd Karl binnig, gerd Karl. (1947). Nemecký fyzik a držitel Nobelovy cenypro rok 1986 za vynález vzorkovacího tunelového mikrosopu. http://www.aldebaran.cz/famous/people/Binnig_Gerd.html

Binnig, Gerd Karl Nìmecký fyzik a držitel Nobelovy ceny pro rok 1986 za vynález vzorkovacího tunelového mikrosopu. O cenu se dìlí spolu s Heinrichem Rohrerem a Ernstem Augustem Friedrichem Ruskou , který vynalezl elektronový mikroskop. Binnig se narodil ve Frankfurtu a studoval zde na Goetheho universitì, kde získal v roce 1978 titul Ph.D. V témže roce se stal zamìstnancem výzkumné laboratoøe IBM poblíž Zürichu ve Švýcarsku a spoleènì s Rohrerem zaèali pracovat na problému, jak zobrazit jemné detaily struktury látek. Pøišli na myšlenku, že by se sonda emitující elektrony pohybovala kolem povrchu zkoumaného objektu a mapovala tak jeho povrch. Výsledkem práce byl tzv. vzorkovací tunelový mikroskop. Nový mikroskop je založen na vlnovém charakteru elektronu, na který poprvé upozornil již ve dvacátých letech laureát Nobelovy ceny za fyziku - Louis Victor de Broglie . Malá sonda s ostrým hrotem se pohybuje ve vakuu podél povrchu vzorku a emituje proud (tunel) elektronù. Sebenepatrnìjší zmìna (i atomových rozmìrù) vzdálenosti sondy od povrchu se zaznamená. Vhodným vzorkováním povrchu se poøídí tøírozmìrný obraz. Mikroskop mùže odhalit strukturu materiálù na atomární úrovni a poskytnout dùležité informace o jejich složení. Vzorkovací tunelový mikroskop se používá pøi studiu biologických vzorkù, k analyzování prùmyslových materiálù (jakými jsou jsou tøeba supravodièe) a k testování miniaturních elektrických obvodù.

40. Scanning Tunneling Microscope - Gerd Binnig And Heinrich Rohrer gerd Karl binnig and Heinrich Rohrer are the inventors of the scanning tunnelingmicroscope or STM which provided the first images of individual atoms on the http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blstm.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Inventors Home ... Industrial Revolution zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Famous Inventions Famous Inventors Black Inventors Women Inventors ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Inventors newsletter. Search Inventors Scanning Tunneling Microscope - STM Return to The History of Microscopes The scanning tunneling microscope ( STM ) is widely used in both industrial and fundamental research to obtain atomic-scale images of metal surfaces. It provides a three-dimensional profile of the surface which is very useful for characterizing surface roughness, observing surface defects, and determining the size and conformation of molecules and aggregates on the surface. Several other recently developed scanning microscopies also use the scanning technology developed for the STM. A precursor instrument, the topografiner , was invented by Russell Young and colleagues between 1965 and 1971 at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) [currently the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)]. Image of single atomic zig-zag chain of Cs atoms (red) on the GaAs(110) surface Gerd Binnig IBM Press Release: Gerd Binnig, along with his colleague, Heinrich Rohrer, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in in 1986 for his work in scanning tunneling microscopy. Binnig and Rohrer were recognized for developing the powerful microscopy technique, which can form an image of individual atoms on a metal or semiconductor surface by scanning the tip of a needle overthe surface at a height of only a few atomic diameters. They shared the award with German scientist

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