41. Paper 6 Sem IV Through lecture and prepared notes, the topic ay be discussed and the contributionof great indian mathematicians may be emphasised. Activities. http://www.punjabeducation.org/SCERT/DIET/etts6iv.htm

42. Friends Of India - India Page AD. indian mathematicians and astronomers have contributed immenselyto the fundamental concept of celestial science. The discovery http://www.csuohio.edu/friendsofIndia/India/India.html

Coming to CSU Campus Masti Events India ... Home I E-mail I FAQ INDIA Location: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan Geographic coordinates: 20 00 N, 77 00 E Map references: Asia Area: total: 3,287,590 sq km land: 2,973,190 sq km water: 314,400 sq km Area - comparative: slightly more than one-third the size of the US Land boundaries: total: 14,103 km The Indian flag ,The saffron color signifies the struggle and sacrifice of the people to achieve freedom. The white color stands for the belief in peace to see one through all the troubles. The green color signifies prosperity and the disc in the middle is the "Ashoka Chakra". Indian Emblem, Which was used by Ashoka the great. The emblem consists of four lions on a pedestal each facing in one dominant direction. The pedestal is supported by a horse and a bullock pulling against the famous Ashoks chakra, also called the 'Wheel of justice '. The national Bird of India, The magnificent peacock. The peacock is found in most of the forested land of India.

43. W. W. Sawyer: Problems In The Teaching Of Mathematics - Indian Maths Society Lecture given to the Indian Mathematical Society approximately in 1946. Itis a subject which we in Europe owe to indian mathematicians. http://www.marco-learningsystems.com/pages/sawyer/indiasoc.html

HomePage Prof W.W.Sawyer PROBLEMS IN THE TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS Lecture given to the Indian Mathematical Society approximately in 1946. W. W. Sawyer, Mathematical Department, College of Technology, Leicester. England Probably there is no subject which offers such possibilities for misunderstanding between teacher and pupil as mathematics does. The teacher stands at the blackboard. It is perfectly clear to him what the symbols mean, and what the conclusion can be drawn from them.. It is completely otherwise with many of the pupils. What the symbols are meant to represent, how the teacher knows what is right and what is wrong, what is the object of the whole business anyway - all this is wrapped in mystery. The great majority of students say to themselves, " We shall never learn this stuff, but we want to get through the exam. We'll have to learn it by heart ." This is not a satisfactory state of affairs. This learning by heart not only imposes a quite unnecessary strain on the student; it is also quite useless. It gives neither an understanding of the subject, nor the power to apply mathematics in ordinary life. The more we can see things from the pupil's point of view, the better teachers we shall be.And the first question in the pupil's mind is, "

44. Applications Of Integration Work of many indian mathematicians of middle ages was translated in the Arab worldand China, mainly because of the efforts of excellent and learned travelers http://www.mathwright.com/book_pgs/book680.html

Microworld: Applications of Integration Click the Hyperlink above to visit the Microworld. Author Ravinder Kumar This 9-page microworld explores arc length of a curve, area under a curve, and surface area and volume of revolution. For simplicity we explore only those surfaces of revolution that can be obtained by revolving a curve about x-axis. Arc length, area, surface area, and volume can be found by dividing the arc, region, or solid into tiny portions in Riemannian spirit. You will be living in Riemannian spirit as you conduct explorations on the following interactive pages. The theory will be briefly explained on the help pages that can be viewed by pressing the button “math for this page”. Often an example or two may be used to explain the theory. When a page of the microworld contains a button named “instructions”, you can press it to view instructions for using the interactivity of the page in order to make explorations. Seeds for the ideas of integration that lead up to finding area and volume were sown much earlier than the advent of calculus.

45. Title Indian mathematics was geared towards astronomy, although astronomyis not what we remember the ancian indian mathematicians for. http://www.math.uvic.ca/courses/math415/Math415Web/india/itext.html

Overview of Indian Mathematics Ancient Indian mathematics is often described as a mixture of good and bad mathematics. Nevertheless, Indian mathematics has strongly influenced the world. Ancient Indian mathematics is marked by a few key characteristics. Firstly, it was the ancient Indians who invented the number system that we use today. Called the Hindu-Arabic numeral system, our numeral system was more an Indian invention than an Arabic invention. The Arabs were the middlemen who brought it to us, whereas the Indians were the ones who actually invented it. This numeral system, as we know, is not as clumsy as most, and lends itself well to mathematical manipulation. Another concept that the Indians had incorporated into their mathematics was the concept of zero. Most cultures did not have a symbol for something that was nothing. The ancient Indians, however, worked with what they called 'Sunya', or 'the void itself'. Much like our number system, the concept of zero came to us from India via Islam. Two more concepts that the ancient Indians were familiar with were the concepts of negative numbers, and irrational numbers. One of the oldest Hindu mathematical documents, the Sulvasutras dates back to the sixth century BCE. This valuable manuscript gives us a unique insight into Indian mathematics. In it, the square root of two is calculated to five decimal places, and a construction proof for a ritual altar is given. In fact, Sulvasutas means 'rules of the holy chord', because ropes were used to measure altars. The fact that a proof is given is interesting because demonstrative mathematics was not an mark of early Indian mathematics.

46. Mathematicians Resources mathematicians; mathematicians of 19th; mathematicians/ blaise pascal;roman mathematicians; Famous indian mathematicians; Women mathematicians; http://www.free-email-accounts-directory.com/mathematicians.html

mathematicians CLICK HERE TO ENTER MATHEMATICIANS RESOURCES Top 500 Related Search Terms - If you did not find the content you were looking for, scan through these commonly searched terms. Copy the term into the Google Search Box and see if this helps. mathematicians famous mathematicians Famous Mathematicians Mathematicians great mathematicians greek mathematicians Famous Mathematicians John Napier black mathematicians famous black mathematicians female mathematicians Famous mathematicians women mathematicians african-american mathematicians famous women mathematicians Black Mathematicians african american mathematicians history of mathematicians famous female mathematicians mathematicians + toledo oh french mathematicians a list of black mathematicians and scientists names of famous mathematicians MATHEMATICIANS what are the names of the three most famous mathematicians early mathematicians mathematicians 582 b.c. to 507 b.c. male mathematicians most famous mathematicians African American Mathematicians hispanic mathematicians biographies mathematicians islamic mathematicians arab mathematicians history on the chinese mathematicians mathematicians of the past list of mathematicians mathematicians/gauss FAMOUS MATHEMATICIANS pictures of famous mathematicians what do mathematicians do Greek Mathematicians ancient mathematicians early mathematiciansalgebra mathematicianstaussky-todd famous mathematicians in asia famous woman mathematicians geometry mathematicians modern mathematicians

47. Recognition For A Mathematician EXCELLENCE. Recognition for a mathematician. MS Raghunathan joins the select bandof indian mathematicians elected Fellows of the Royal Society, London. SG DANI. http://www.flonnet.com/fl1726/17261130.htm

Volume 17 - Issue 26, Dec. 23, 2000 - Jan. 05, 2001 India's National Magazine from the publishers of THE HINDU Table of Contents EXCELLENCE Recognition for a mathematician M.S. Raghunathan joins the select band of Indian mathematicians elected Fellows of the Royal Society, London. S.G. DANI ON JULY 14, 2000, one more Indian mathematician affixed his signature to the Register of the Royal Society, London, a parchment book which also bears the signatures of Sir Isaac Newton and many other eminent names in science: Professor M.S. Raghunathan, of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai. Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society this year, he joins the rank of distinguished Indian mathematicians, the legendary Srinivasa Ramanujan, Harish-Chandra, C.S. Seshadri, M.S. Narasimhan and S.R.S. Varadhan, who have received this coveted recognition. Professor M.S. Raghunathan signing in as a Fellow of the Royal Society in London. A rather unique book, A Panorama of Pure Mathematics , was published by French mathematician Jean Dieudonne in 1977 (the English translation of the original French version appeared in 1982), recounting important results from various areas of pure m athematics, based on the choice of the well-known Bourbaki group in France, in just about 300 pages. Raghunathan was one of the few Indian mathematicians named in the book for having made substantial contributions, though he was still in his mid-thirties when the book was published. Personally, however, what Raghunathan finds most gratifying is a reference in an interview given by eminent physicist and Nobel laureate, Professor S. Chandrasekhar, which he noticed most unexpectedly, in

48. Other News The Many Facets of Linear Algebra and Matrix Theory at the first joint meetingof the American Mathematical Society (AMS) and indian mathematicians, to take http://www.math.wisc.edu/news/2003/other.html

Other News Return to Index Alejandro Adem has been appointed to the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (Berkeley). Georgia Benkart Richard A. Brualdi has been elected to a three-year term on the Editorial Boards Committee of the American Mathematical Society. With Rajendra Bhatia of the Indian Statistical Institute, he is organizing a 10 hour special session on ``The Many Facets of Linear Algebra and Matrix Theory'' at the first joint meeting of the American Mathematical Society (AMS) and Indian mathematicians, to take place in Bangalore, India on December 17-20, 2003. Larry Farnsworth who has worked in our financial office as Grants and Contracts Coordinator for many years has resigned his position in order to assume a similar position in the Zoology Department. On November 1, 2002, Larry was presented with a ``good luck'' gift in recognition of his important service to the department. There was a cake in the finanicial office with faculty invited to stop by and give good wishes to Larry. Jeremy Lovejoy a VIGRE Van Vleck Assistant Professor, who spent the 2001-02 academic year at the University of Paris VII on a prestigious Chateaubriand Fellowship, has received a permanent 100% research CNRS position in France. These are highly competitive positions, and it is very unusual for a non-French citizen to be offered one. Jeremy is teaching a graduate course on partitions and q-series this semester. He received the PhD at Penn State university in 2000 where he was supervised by George Andrews and Ken Ono.

49. December_99 Centre. The agreement will support 20 study visits of young indian mathematiciansand theoretical physicists each year. The students http://www.ictp.trieste.it/~sci_info/Highlights99/Dec99Frame.html

The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Monthly update of activities and events December 1999 No.30 Just happened... ENHANCED CO-OPERATION WITH INDIA On 25 November, a delegation from India's Department of Science and Technology (DST), led by secretary V.S. Ramamurthy, visited ICTP to sign a five-year agreement enhancing India's co-operation with the Centre. The agreement will support 20 study visits of young Indian mathematicians and theoretical physicists each year. The students will participate in ICTP activities. The Indian government will pay for transportation costs while ICTP will cover hospitality costs. A similar agreement was signed with China in 1997. During the visit, the Indian delegation met with the ICTP heads of research groups and several Indian scientists present at the Centre. 1999 ICTP PRIZE Daniel Dominguez, professor of physics at Instituto Balseiro in Bariloche, Argentina, has been awarded the 1999 ICTP Prize. Dominguez has been honoured for his studies of vortex dynamics in superconducting materials and Josephson junction arrays. Dominguez was a post doc at ICTP from 1992 to 1994 and is now an ICTP associate. The 1999 ICTP Prize is named in honour of Stig Lundqvist, a long-time supporter of the ICTP who helped launch ICTP's condensed matter activities in the 1970s and chaired the Centre's Scientific Council from 1983 to 1992. The award ceremony will take place in the summer 2000. ELETTRA USERS About 150 physicists and engineers attended the 7th

50. News From ICTP 91 - What's New India s Department of Science and Technology and the Centre in which the DST agreed to support 20 study visits of indian mathematicians and theoretical http://www.ictp.trieste.it/~sci_info/News_from_ICTP/News_91/whatsnew.html

An agreement signed between ICTP and India's Department of Science and Technology offers an important example of the evolving relationship between the Centre and the countries ICTP serves. India's Enhanced Co-operation O n 25 November, a delegation from India's Department of Science and Technology (DST), led by secretary V.S. Ramamurthy, visited the ICTP campus in Trieste. Ramamurthy and members of the delegation, including Sadhana Relia, director of DST's International Division, and B.A. Dasannacharya, chairperson of DST's Expert Committee for Beamlines Utilization at Elettra (Trieste's synchrotron facility), visited the Centre to meet the section heads and tour the library and computer facilities. Each year, several high-level delegations from the developing countries visit the Centre to learn more about its training and research activities and facilities. But this visit was different. In many ways, it symbolises the Centre's evolving relationship with the developing world's more advanced countries. The main purpose of the visit was to sign a five-year agreement of "enhanced co-operation" between India's Department of Science and Technology and the Centre in which the DST agreed "to support 20 study visits of Indian mathematicians and theoretical physicists every year to participate in ICTP activities."

51. Varnam: Ancient Indian Mathematics This has some great information on indian mathematicians, about whom we know little.I bought this book two years back, but then it was too much mathematics. http://varnam.org/blog/archives/000105.html

varnam JK's Observations Main May 20, 2003 Ancient Indian Mathematics The Jains recognized five kinds of infinities. They had various rules regarding combinations and permutations. They concieved of large amounts of time. The founder of Jainism is said to have been a mathematician (the first time I am hearing this). Another prominent person is Bhadrabahu. Ancient Jaina Mathematics: an Introduction As mentioned before, the Jainas recognized five different kinds of infinity: infinity in one direction; infinity in two directions; infinity in area; infinity everywhere; and infinity perpetually. This is quite a revolutionary concept, as the Jainas were the first to discard the idea that all infinities were same or equal, an idea prevalent in Europe till the late 19th Century. TrackBack Related Entries The 3rd Buddha Sep 17, 2003 More on Saraswati river civilization Sep 10, 2003 Instead of debating and harping on the fictitious Aryan invasion of the Indian subcontinent, that was purely a myth perpetrated by British and foreign scholars for vested interests, the present crop of scholars and historians should rewrite history and portray... Ayodhya - II Sep 01, 2003

52. Kamat's Potpourri: Alberuni's India Alberuni not only studied Sanskrit literature, but also met many aindian mathematicians and philosophers. It is rather ironic that http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/itihas/alberuni.htm

more ads Alberuni in India Last updated: May 27,2004 I n 1017 A.D., at the behest of Sultan Mahmud of Persia, Alberuni (a.k.a. Al-Biruni) traveled to India to learn about the Hindus, "and to discuss with them questions of religion, science, and literature, and the very basis of their civilization". He remained in India for thirteen years, studying, and exploring. Alberuni's scholarly work has not gotten the great recognition it deserves. Not for nearly eight hundred years would any other writer match Alberuni's profound understanding of almost all aspects of Indian life [1]. Alberuni was a true genius he was renowned as a mathematician, and an astronomer prior to his India mission and has successfully captured the the time and meaning of India in his writings. For instance he gives the Hindu's concept of God in Chapter II of his Tarikh al-Hind (History of India) which is astonishingly faithful to the complex definitions the Hindus believe in. Alberuni not only studied Sanskrit literature, but also met many a Indian mathematicians and philosophers. It is rather ironic that some of the the most comprehensive study of India of the middle ages is performed by an Islamic scholar. In his notes we not only find elaborate descriptions of travel tales, but also discussions of divinity, literature, and mathematical equations.

53. Govindasvami indian mathematicians and astronomers constructed sine table withgreat precision. They were used to calculate the positions of http://202.38.126.65/mirror/www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/

Govindasvami Born: about 800 in India Died: about 860 in India Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Govindasvami (or Govindasvamin) was an Indian mathematical astronomer whose most famous treatise was a commentary on the Mahabhaskariya of Bhaskara I Bhaskara I wrote the Mahabhaskariya in about 600 A. D. It is an eight chapter work on Indian mathematical astronomy and includes topics which were fairly standard for such works at this time. It discussed topics such as the longitudes of the planets, conjunctions of the planets with each other and with bright stars, eclipses of the sun and the moon, risings and settings, and the lunar crescent. Govindasvami wrote the Bhasya in about 830 which was a commentary on the Mahabhaskariya. In Govindasvami's commentary there appear many examples of using a place-value Sanskrit system of numerals. One of the most interesting aspects of the commentary, however, is Govindasvami's construction of a sine table. Indian mathematicians and astronomers constructed sine table with great precision. They were used to calculate the positions of the planets as accurately as possible so had to be computed with high degrees of accuracy. Govindasvami considered the sexagesimal fractional parts of the twenty-four tabular sine differences from the

54. Mahavira Now there were many indian mathematicians before the time of Mahavira but, perhapssurprisingly, their work on mathematics is always contained in texts which http://202.38.126.65/mirror/www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/

Mahavira Born: about 800 in possibly Mysore, India Died: about 870 in India Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Mahavira (or Mahaviracharya meaning Mahavira the Teacher) was of the Jaina religion and was familiar with Jaina mathematics. He worked in Mysore in southern Indian where he was a member of a school of mathematics. If he was not born in Mysore then it is very likely that he was born close to this town in the same region of India. We have essentially no other biographical details although we can gain just a little of his personality from the acknowledgement he gives in the introduction to his only known work, see below. However Jain in [10] mentions six other works which he credits to Mahavira and he emphasises the need for further research into identifying the complete list of his works. The only known book by Mahavira is Ganita Sara Samgraha , dated 850 AD, which was designed as an updating of Brahmagupta 's book. Filliozat writes [6]:- This book deals with the teaching of Brahmagupta but contains both simplifications and additional information. ... Although like all Indian versified texts, it is extremely condensed, this work, from a pedagogical point of view, has a significant advantage over earlier texts.

55. CheatHouse.com - How Was The Gupta Empire (India) Scientifically Advanced? Descr to prevent diseases Indian medicine was also remarkably advanced Other mathematicalknowledge that had its foundations with indian mathematicians were the so http://www.cheathouse.com/eview/27006-how-was-the-gupta-empire-india-scientifi.h

When thinking back to the Gupta Empire in India, one might remember the famous works of literature, or perhaps the vast lands conquered by the great rulers of the time. But it would be imprudent to ignore the influential achievements made in the areas of science, medicine, mathematics, and astronom How was the Gupta Empire (India) scientifically advanced? Describes scientific achievements of the time. Note! The sentences in this essay are shuffled, making this essay unusable If you want to read the essay in it's original and proper state, click here. We use this page for our internal search engine, and it's not meant to be viewable. History Home Essays [LOGIN] ... 1995-2004, Loadstone

56. Assign115/#5B/98 it to Pythagoras(approximately 580500 BCE), but it almost certainly was knownmuch earlier to Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Chinese, and indian mathematicians. http://newton.uor.edu/facultyfolder/beery/math115/m115_activ_pythag.htm

The Pythagorean Theorem Activity The Pythagorean Theorem states that in a right triangle with legs of lengths a and b and hypotenuse of length c, (See Figure1a.) The theorem appears as Proposition 47 of Book I of Euclid 's Elements. Euclid attributes it to Pythagoras(approximately 580-500 BCE), but it almost certainly was known much earlier to Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Chinese, and Indian mathematicians. Figure 1a Figure 1b You undoubtedly have used the Pythagorean Theorem as a tool for finding the length of the third side of a right triangle when the lengths of two sides are given. Notice, however, that the Pythagorean Theorem is a statement about squares, namely a b , and c . It shouldn't surprise you, then, that Euclid and his predecessors thought of the Pythagorean Theorem as a statement about areas of squares and visualized it as in Figure 1b. Figure 2 The diagram in Figure 2 of the special case of the right triangle appeared in the Chinese text

57. Hindu Books Universe - Content Geometry And Algorithm But even in the area of Geometry, indian mathematicianshad their contribution. There was an area of mathematical http://www.hindubooks.org/dynamic/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=1405&

58. Plato Who? Michael Can Help You Remember indian mathematicians and the disappearing trick. India’s talented poolof mathematicians is pushed into only one direction very early. http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=68345

59. Book Reviews: "Lost Discoveries" By Dick Teresi, And "The Letters Of H. P. Blava historian of mathematics, has characterized the Babylonian and Egyptian math asthe scrawling of children. He called the indian mathematicians fools (p http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/sunrise/53-03-4/bkr2-04.htm

Book Reviews By Sarah Belle Dougherty Lost Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science from the Babylonians to the Maya Science, we are generally told, originated with the Greeks around 600 BC, developed in the European Renaissance, and was perfected in the modern West. Because of educators' interest in cultural diversity, multicultural science curricula began to appear in various school districts in the 1980s, but unfortunately many contained distorted, inaccurate, and speculative information. In the early 1990s Dick Teresi, science writer and cofounder of Omni magazine, accepted an assignment to expose and document faulty multicultural science being taught in American schools. I began to write with the purpose of showing that the pursuit of evidence of nonwhite science is a fruitless endeavor. I felt that it was only responsible, however, to attempt to find what meager legitimate non-European science might exist. Six years later, I was still finding examples of ancient and medieval non-Western science that equaled and often surpassed ancient Greek learning. My embarrassment at having undertaken an assignment with the assumption that non-Europeans contributed little to science has been overtaken by the pleasure of discovering mountains of unappreciated human industry, four thousand years of scientific discoveries by peoples I had been taught to disregard. p. 15

60. Links Of Mathematicians Of The African Diaspora African Math Resources. American indian Hispanic Math Resources SACNAS biographies of mathematicians. AISES American indian Science and Engineering Society http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/madlinks.html

RELATED LINKS on MINORITIES in MATHEMATICS and THE SCIENCES African American Math Resources African Math Resources Women Math Resources Ethnomathematics Links ... SECOND LINK PAGE African American Math Links NAM National Association of Mathematicians the African American Mathematics Organization SUMMA Archive of Minority Mathematicians - The MAA's SUMMA main page - SUMMA Committee on Minority Participation in Mathematics African Americans in the Mathematical Sciences AARMS email LISTSERV: request "subscribe" at aarms@lists.Colorado.EDU Benjamin Banneker Network Mathematics U Penn's Claytor and Woodard Website - dedicated to two of the first blacks anywhere to get a Ph.D. in Math The Faces of Science African Americans in the Sciences MIT Martin Luther King Visiting Professors and Scholars CAARMS- The Conference for African and American Researchers in the Mathematical Sciences: June 2002 at Princeton University CAARMS CAARMS-The Council for African and American Researchers in the Mathematical Sciences Online Sources of Information on African-Americans in the Sciences HBCU Mathematics Departments Online Open Door Directory of University Math and Science Departments ... Mathematicians of the African Diaspora (MAD) - these pages Black Mathematics Research ListServ Black Alumni of MIT BAMIT African Math Links African Mathematical Union AMU Newsletters of AMU Commission on History of Mathematics in Africa AMUCHMA Afrika Matematica , the First Pan-African Mathematical Journal Swahili Math measurement African Diaspora and Science History African Fractals Africa's Indigenous Knowledge ... African Technology Forum AAAS:

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