81. Tensen Physics Dictionary (biographies) Andre Marie Ampere (17751836) was a french mathematician, chemist, and physicistwho experimentally quantified the relationship between the electrical current http://www.mcm.edu/~christej/dictionary/bib.html

A B C D ... Z Niels Henrik Abel ) was a Norwegian mathematician. ( pg.703) Andre Marie Ampere ) was a French mathematician, chemist, and physicist who experimentally quantified the relationship between the electrical current and the magnetic field . His works were summarized in a treatise published in , The units of electrical current are named after him. ( pg.5) The Bernoulli Family consisted of nine Swiss mathematicians in three generations. The father, Johan , lived from to Daniel has been called the "Father of Mathematical Physics." All were followers of Leibniz Charles A. Coulomb ) was a French engineer and physicist who published the laws of electrostatics in seven memoirs to the French Academy of Science between and . His name is associated with the units of electrical charge pg.5) ) was a French mathematician who "fathered" modern mathematics." ( Pierre de Fermat ) was a French lawyer, linguist and amateur mathematician who extended ideas about algebra and contributed to optics with his "Principle of Least Time." ( Leonard Euler ) (rhymes with boiler not ruler ) was probably the most prolific mathematician (student of Johan Bernoulli , friend of Daniel Bernoulli ) of all time, known for the quality of his vast works. (

82. Finding Addresses The above searches in the AMS Membership List, the french MathematicalSociety (SMF), and the Geometer s Address List are examples. http://www.math.upenn.edu/FindAddress.html

Finding Addresses email and traditional Techniques Addresses of Mathematicians Addresses at the University of Pennsylvania Telephone, Fax and Email Directories: InfoSpace PhoneDirectorySearch.com Infobel (Europe) Austria, Germany, Netherlands, Italy (in German) Escape Artist (searchable phone directories for many countries) ATT 800 Phone Directory BigBook (like the Yellow Pages) US Post Office (Zip Codes etc) more Maps: Try Mapquest or Maps on Us (for a USA address) References Techniques Here are some tools to help find an address. Best way: simply ask the person. Sometimes that is not possible. If one of the following doesn't work, try another. There are three approaches depending on what information you already have: Search special lists such as the membership directory of the AMS Search a "company" directory, such as Cornell University (www.cornell.edu) Search a specific web site. Example: It is frequently possible to combine these, say by searching for someone else working at the same location or in the same organization. With this guess of a plausible URL you can search there. This is one of the more effective ways of locating someone in Europe where there are fewer electronic organizational directories. Finding Addresses of Mathematicians Combined Membership List of the AMS, MAA, SIAM

83. Multivariable Calculus sciences. Fellow french mathematician Joseph Fourier (17681830)also applied calculus to solving practical problems in science. http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/thomas_awl/chapter1/medialib

History of Multivariable Calculus During the 16 th century, mathematicians were developing new mathematics to solve problems in physical science. Because the physical world is multidimensional (i.e., three space dimensions and time), many of the quantities used in these applied models were multivariable. Astronomy was one area of science that was rich in this kind of multivariable mathematics. Therefore, the stage was being set by astronomers and mathematicians for the development of multivariable functions and eventually multivariable calculus. Galileo (15641642) attempted to apply mathematics to his work in astronomy and to the physics of kinematics and strength of materials. For his fundamental work in these areas, he is often called the founder of modern mechanics and physics. The German astronomer, mathematician, and physicist Johannes Kepler (15711630) contributed greatly through the development of his three laws of planetary motion. These results changed astronomy and played a crucial role in the development of Newtonian physics and calculus . His work helped discredit Ptolemy's geocentric model and helped establish Copernicus's heliocentric theory. It also set the stage for the rise of multivariable applied mathematics.

84. Kyocera North America: Kyoto Prize french Mathematician to Receive 2002 Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences NYU Prof. Mikhael Leonidovich Gromov to be honored for lifelong http://www.kyotoprize.org/pressrel_062102_b.htm

French Mathematician to Receive 2002 Kyoto Prize in "Basic Sciences" NYU Prof. Mikhael Leonidovich Gromov to be honored for lifelong contributions to geometry Prof. Gromov is a professor both at the Institute des Hautes Études Scientifiques near Paris and at New York University's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences. On November 10, Prof. Gromov and two other 2002 Kyoto Prize laureates will receive diplomas, Kyoto Prize gold medals, and cash gifts of 50 million yen approximately US$400,000 apiece during prize ceremonies in Kyoto, Japan. In addition, the three will convene in San Diego, Calif., March 5-7, 2003, for the second annual Kyoto Laureate Symposium at the University of San Diego. Basic Sciences The 2002 Kyoto Prize for Basic Sciences has been chosen from the field of mathematical sciences. Prof. Gromov will receive the award for completely toppling the traditional approaches to geometry. While mathematicians before him studied individual properties of space, Prof. Gromov proposed the innovative idea of considering the distance between spaces which he identified as "like" (close) or "unlike" (far) to create a deeper understanding by allowing spaces to be compared. Based on this idea, he has solved a great number of problems, particularly those concerning the relationships between the global structure of a space and its curvature, and the degree to which an object is bent locally. He has thereby achieved breakthroughs in modern geometry, and his achievements continue to be developed in new directions, including analysis and algebra. In addition to his establishment of an entirely new geometry, Prof. Gromov has therefore had an immeasurable impact on all of the mathematical sciences.

85. Science & Technology From Scientific American.com: Exclusive Online Issue - Math french mathematician Henri Poincaré declared that the mathematician does not studypure mathematics because it is useful; he studies it because he delights http://www.sciam.com/special/toc.cfm?issueid=16&sc=rt_nav_list

86. Some Short "biographies" Alexis Claude Clairaut (17131765) was a french mathematician. Supporter of Newton. (1, 41). Jean Le Rond d Alembert (1717-1783) was a french mathematician. http://www.hifm.no/~matematikk/ansatte/bjorns/biographies.htm

Some short "biographies" In this paper I have mentioned a number of almost unknown mathematicians and other persons. Therefore I will give some biographical information here. For completeness, I also include the well-known ones. The sources I have used are referred to in parenthesis. George Anson (1697-1762) was an English admiral. Famous for his journey around the world 1740-44. M. P. for Hedon 1744-47. ( Apollonius of Perga (ca. 200 BC-ca. 100 BC) was a Greek mathematician. His famous work, The Conics , studied the conic sections in remarkable detail, and introduced the terms parabola, ellipse and hyperbola. ( Archimedes of Syracuse (287 BC-212 BC) was a Greek mathematician and inventor. His greatest contributions were in geometry. His most famous work was Measurement of the Circle Isaac Barrow (1630-1677) was an English mathematician. Professor of Greek at Cambridge, and geometry at Gresham College. Became the first Lucasian professor of mathematics at Cambridge in 1663. Teacher of Newton. Developed a method of determining tangents, and found a geometric version of the fundamental theorem of calculus. ( George Berkeley (1685-1753) was an Irish philosopher. He studied at the University of Dublin, and worked at Trinity College, Dublin 1707-12. In 1710 he published

87. Talk To The Head - Irrational french mathematician Joseph Liouville’s attempts to prove e transcendental failed,but he did succeed in proving the existence of a transcendental number in http://home.earthlink.net/~geraldahawkinsjr/irrational.html

Back to archive index ... Dear Gerald, Puzzled Inquirer Dear PI, First, some background. A rational number is one that can be expressed as a ratio (hence "rational") of two integers; whereas an irrational number cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers. Irrational numbers where "discovered" (i.e., first hypothesized) by the Pythagoreans, a secret society founded by Greek mathematician, philosopher, and all-around know-it-all Pythagoras, who was, according to his mother’s husband, actually the son of the god Apollo. And in fact, although I referred to the Pythagoreans as a "secret society," they were more like a cult. So we’re already off to a good start here. There is a wealth of material on the Pythagoreans, a school which lasted for about 500 years and spawned several historians, most notably Philolaus of Croton (aka Philolaus of Tarentum). It is also important to note (1) that it is difficult to separate the innovations of Pythagoras himself from those of his school, at least during his lifetime, and (2) that although the Pythagoreans were credited with the discovery of irrational numbers, they may only have to their credit the first recorded discovery. After all, although the Pythagoreans were the first to set the Pythagorean theorem in geometric terms, a Babylonian tablet dated back to 1900 BC, almost 1500 years before the birth of Pythagoras, demonstrates that the Babylonians understood what became known as "Pythagorean triplets," the basis of the Pythagorean theorem.

88. Anecdotage.com - Mathematics Anecdotes. Anecdotes From Yeats To Gates Rene Desca Laplace God The french mathematician and astronomerPierre Laplace was so inspired by the me Sylvester s Proof http://www.anecdotage.com/browse.php?term=mathematics

89. India Talking Hindustan Network Discussion Forums In 1837 the french mathematician Pierre Wantzel proved the impossibility oftrisecting the angle with straightedge(unmarked) and compass alone . http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/55/12112.html?1083743060

90. New Scientist Conjecture, the mystery centres on a guess about the properties of multidimensionalspace made in 1904 by the great french mathematician Henri Poincaré. http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99992143

91. AIM25: University College London: London Mathematical Society Archive also reflecting his travels in Europe, including letters from prominent Europeanmathematicians. Language/scripts of material English, french, German, Italian. http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search2?coll_id=5031&inst_id=13

92. Ivars Peterson's MathTrek - The Galois Story Ironically, the account that seems closest to the facts of Galois s brief lifeis a recent novel called The french Mathematician by Tom Petsinis, a novelist http://www.maa.org/mathland/mathtrek_3_1_99.html

Search MAA Online MAA Home Ivars Peterson's MathTrek March 1, 1999 The Galois Story The tragic tale of Évariste Galois (1811-1832), a mathematical prodigy who died in a duel at the tender age of 20, is one of the more dramatic stories in the history of mathematics. Most people owe what they know about Galois to a stirring account written in 1937 by the mathematician Eric Temple Bell in his book Men of Mathematics. In a chapter titled "Genius and Stupidity," he described the young Galois and his tormented state of mind on the night before the ill-fated duel. Bell wrote: "All night ... he had spent the fleeting hours feverishly dashing off his last will and testament, writing against time to glean a few of the great things in his teeming mind before the death which he foresaw could overtake him. Time after time he broke off to scribble in the margin 'I have not time; I have not time,' and passed on to the next frantically scrawled outline. What he wrote in those desperate last hours before the dawn will keep generations of mathematicians busy for hundreds of years." Évariste Galois Great stuffthe sort of tragic but inspiring tale that readily gets passed on from one generation of math students to another. Indeed, Bell's account is echoed in numerous textbooks, articles, and other material.

93. Fall '03 - Discourse known about Fermat numbers (which are derived by the formula 22m + 1, when m =0, 1, 2, ), a class of numbers invented by french mathematician Pierre de http://publicaffairs.cua.edu/cuamag/fall03/discourse.htm

Mathematics Is About Beauty and Other Unexpected Things By Richard Wilkinson Since God understands everything, muses CUA math Professor Lawrence Somer, the Almighty also knows the solutions to the big questions that mathematicians are most eager to solve. For example, in 2000 the Clay Mathematics Institute of Cambridge, Mass., initiated its standing offer of $1 million in prize money for the solution to any one of seven important, unsolved math problems. These include (to put them in simplified terms) the question of what, if any, is the pattern of the prime numbers among all counting numbers, and how to formulate equations describing the motions of fluids and gases. Somer is the co-author, along with two Eastern European mathematicians, of the book Fermat Numbers: From Number Theory to Geometry of analytic geometry. and abstract tinkering. Somer himself felt the call to mathematics when he was in seventh grade and discovered that if you take any two digits that add up to 10 (e.g., 3 and 7) and raise each to an even-number power (e.g., 32 and 72, which equals 9 and 49), the two numbers will always end in the same digit. He also discovered that if the two base digits (3 and 7) are both raised to an odd-number power (e.g., 33 and 73), their sum always ends in a number whose last digit is (in this example, 33 + 73 = 370).

94. Clay Mathematics Institute In 1904 the french mathematician Henri Poincaré, asked if the three dimensionalsphere is characterized as the unique simply connected three manifold. http://www.claymath.org/millennium/

Clay Mathematics Institute Dedicated to increasing and disseminating mathematical knowledge Home Site Map Search About CMI ... News Archive Millennium Problems In order to celebrate mathematics in the new millennium, The Clay Mathematics Institute of Cambridge, Massachusetts (CMI) has named seven Prize Problems . The Scientific Advisory Board of CMI selected these problems, focusing on important classic questions that have resisted solution over the years. The Board of Directors of CMI designated a $7 million prize fund for the solution to these problems, with $1 million allocated to each. During the Millennium Meeting The Importance of Mathematics , aimed for the general public, while John Tate and Michael Atiyah spoke on the problems. The CMI invited specialists to formulate each problem. One hundred years earlier, on August 8, 1900, David Hilbert delivered his famous lecture about open mathematical problems at the second International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris. This influenced our decision to announce the millennium problems as the central theme of a Paris meeting. The rules that follow for the award of the prize have the endorsement of the CMI Scientific Advisory Board and the approval of the Directors. The members of these boards have the responsibility to preserve the nature, the integrity, and the spirit of this prize.

95. Gaston Julia His works were popularised by french mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot,and the Julia and Mandelbrot fractals are closely related. http://www.sciencedaily.com/encyclopedia/gaston_julia

Match: sort by: relevance date Free Services Subscribe by email RSS newsfeeds PDA-friendly format loc="/images/" A A A Find Jobs In: Healthcare Engineering Accounting College Contract / Freelance Customer Service Diversity Engineering Executive Healthcare Hospitality Human Resources Information Tech International Manufacturing Nonprofit Retail All Jobs by Job Type All Jobs by Industry Relocating? Visit: Moving Resources Moving Companies Mortgage Information Mortgage Calculator Real Estate Lookup Front Page Today's Digest Week in Review Email Updates ... Outdoor Living Encyclopedia Main Page See live article Gaston Julia Gaston Maurice Julia February 3 March 19 ) was a French mathematician who devised the formula for the Julia set . His works were popularised by French mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot , and the Julia and Mandelbrot fractals are closely related. Julia was born in the Algerian town of Sidi Bel Abbès, at the time under French rule. In his youth, he had an interest in mathematics and music. His studies were interrupted at the age of 20, when France got involved in World War I and he was called to serve in the army. In one operation on a cold, stormy night he suffered a severe injury, losing his nose. After many unsuccessful operations to remedy the situation, he resigned himself to wearing a leather strap around the area where his nose was for the rest of his life. Julia gained attention for his mathematical work after the war when a 199-page article he wrote was featured in the

96. Assignment 29 Reading Section 5.5, pages 282286. Written Page 287/47-65 (odds). Mathematicalword analysis RANDOM From the old french root randir (to gallop). http://www.herkimershideaway.org/algebra2/doc_page37.html

Assignment 29 It is not our conclusions that betray us. It is our major premises." (Tom Burnam, The Dictionary of Misinformation Incredibly, the concept of a negative number confused mathematicians until well into the 1800's. While the Hindus and Chinese did work with negative numbers, the thought that one could have numbers less than nothing bothered even the best of mathematicians. Math texts frequently confused subtraction and the use of the minus symbol to represent opposite . Research on negative numbers will yield you some rather surprising results. The confusion is characterized by this statement from French mathematician Jean Le Rond d'Alembert "A problem leading to a negative solution means that some part of the hypothesis was false but assumed to be true." Another famous French mathematician, Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) said that subtraction of a positive number from zero is "pure nonsense." He also stated: "I have known those who could not understand that to take four from zero there remains zero." When Herkimer was thirsty, why did he put ice cubes in this father's bed?

97. Fractal Geometry, From Fractal Art Gallery, Fractals By Vicky This attitude persisted until the mid20th century and the work of Mandelbrot,a Polish-born french mathematician who moved to the United States in 1958. http://www.abm-enterprises.net/fractalgeometry.html

FRACTAL GEOMETRY A modern mathematical theory that radically departs from traditional Euclidean Geometry, fractal geometry describes objects that are self-similar, or scale symmetric. This means that when such objects are magnified, their parts are seen to bear an exact resemblance to the whole, the likeness continuing with the parts of the parts and so on to infinity. Fractals, as these shapes are called, also must be devoid of translational symmetry - that is, the smoothness associated with Euclidean lines, planes, and spheres. Instead a rough, jagged quality is maintained at every scale at which an object can be examined. The nature of fractals is reflected in the word itself, coined by mathematician Benoit B. Mandelbrot from the Latin verb frangere, "to break," and the related adjective fractus, "irregular and fragmented." The simplest fractal is the Cantor Bar Set, named after the 19th-century German mathematician Georg Cantor. One may be constructed by dividing a line in 3 parts and removing the middle part. The procedure is repeated indefinitely, first on the 2 remaining parts, then on on 4 parts produced by that operation, and so on, until the object has an infinitely large number of parts each of which is infinitely small. Fractals are not relegated exclusively to the realm of mathematics. If the definition is broadened a bit, such objects can be found virtually everywhere in the natural world. The difference is that "natural" fractals are randomly, statistically, or stochastically rather than exactly scale symmetric. The rough shape revealed at one length scale bears only an approximate resemblance to that at another, but the length scale being used is not apparent just by looking at the shape. Moreover, there are both upper and lower limits to the size range over which the fractals in nature are indeed fractal. Above and below that range, the shapes are either rough (but not self-similar) or smoothin other words, conventionally Euclidean.

98. The Poincare Conjecture, Solved -- AMIGA Astronomy Formulated by the remarkable french mathematician Henri Poincare in 1904, theconjecture is a central question in topology, the study of the geometrical http://www.voy.com/135010/31.html

Contribute: Reserve your VoyUser name No-ads: Completely remove ads from your forum Owner Login VoyForums Homepage Create a New Forum VoyForums News Help Desk VoyForums Exchange FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions Directory/Categories Search VoyForums VoyUser Login VoyUser Login optional Contact Forum Admin Main index Post a new message Check update time Archives: Subject: The Poincare Conjecture, solved Author: Kashmir Next Thread Previous Thread Next Message ... Previous Message Date Posted: 13:29:11 05/08/03 Thu A Russian mathematician claims to have proved the Poincare Conjecture, one of the most famous problems in mathematics. Dr Grigori Perelman, of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, has been touring US universities describing his work in a series of papers not yet completed. The Poincare Conjecture, an idea about three-dimensional objects, has haunted mathematicians for nearly a century. If it has been solved, the consequences will reverberate throughout geometry and physics. If his proof is accepted and survives two years of scrutiny, Perelman could also be eligible for a $1m prize sponsored by the Clay Mathematics Institute in Massachusetts for solving what the centre describes as one of the seven most important unsolved mathematics problems of the millennium.

99. International Cooperation Zemin awarded the 2002 Fields Medal—considered the most distinguished internationalaward in mathematics—to the french mathematician Laurent Lafforgue and http://www.china.org.cn/english/zhuanti/china2003/73500.htm

100. Connecting Math To Our Lives- Witnesses In The Middle Of The Nature- Fractals in the computer age. The first real fractal were discovered by a Frenchmathematician named Gaston Julia. In his time there were http://www.orillas.org/math/19971998/fract.html

Dani Busuioc Florin Postolache Nicoleta Toma 7th class D School No.10 Focsani, Romania Teacher coordinator Petru Dumitru Witnesses in the Middle of Nature Who discovered fractals? Fractals in Logo? Witnesses in the Middle of Nature The Garden of Our School ... Raluca's Tree- Levels If you wish to understand The Nature of Universe, we can do it! We, ourselves, are small copies of Universe, we have got this answer! J. Boivin A fractal is a mathematical object that is self-similar, where each part resembles to the whole. Most fractals are generated by a relatively simple equation where the results are fed back into the equation until it grows larger than a certain boundary. Some fractals are just a graph of an equation using complex numbers. Who discovered fractals? Fractals were not discovered in a single instant, but knowledge of them grew quickly in the computer age. The first real fractal were discovered by a French mathematician named Gaston Julia. In his time there were no computers, so serious study of fractal objects was not practical at all. In March 1980 the French mathematician Mandelbrot saw appearing on his computer screen something that would change his life completely. Many compare his discovery to Newton's discovery of the universal laws of mechanics. This discovery introduced a completely new field in Mathematics: Fractal Geometry.

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