81. The Romanian Mathematical Society - Chronology Gazette Society organised at Cluj, at the initiative and with the essential contributionof Petre Sergescu, the first Congress of the Romanian mathematicians. http://www.ssmro.com/en/htm/istssmr/ssmr/istcrono.htm

english francais romana The Romanian Mathematical Society - Chronology The meeting of the Mathematical Gazette editors that took place at the vineyard of professor Ion N. Ionescu from Valea Calugarasca decided on the establishment of the Mathematical Gazette Society They stated the establishment of the Mathematical Gazette Society Page two of the first issue, vol. XV of the Mathematical Gazette lists the members of the Mathematical Gazette Society , with an explaining note . The members of the Society started to elaborate the statute of the Society, on the grounds of which the Mathematical Gazette may become juridical person. The Assembly of Deputies voted (61 pros, 3 cons) the law acknowledging the Mathematical Gazette Society The Senate voted (45 pros, 1 con) the law and statute of the Mathematical Gazette Society . On this occasion Spiru Haret delivered a short statement King Carol I promulgated the law acknowledging the Mathematical Gazette Society by the Royal decree no. 3798.

82. Constitutive Document Of The Romanian Mathematical And Physical Society fulfilment depends the stimulation of the scientific creation, the improvement ofthe scientific and ideological level of the mathematicians and physicists in http://www.ssmro.com/en/htm/istssmr/ssmr/smf.htm

english francais romana Constitutive Document Have decided on the establishment of a Society with the name of: THE SOCIETY OF MATHEMATICAL AND PHISICAL SCIENCES The headquarters of the Society is in Bucharest, 2, Episcopiei street, first floor. The object of the Society, its purpose, duration and all conditions are stipulated in the enclosed statute which is an integer part of the current document of establishment. We mandate the following provisory Central Council to run the society: Acad. prof. univ. Moisil Grigore Prof. univ. Popovici Andrei Chief of univ. works Ciorascu Florin Conf. univ. Dramba Florin Asist. univ. Dorel Bali Prof. Kahane Arno Conf. univ. eng. Parvu Aurel Prof. Simionescu G.D. Prof. univ. Auslander Iosif Acad. prof. univ. Badarau Eugen Conf. univ. Barbalat Ion Prof.univ. Barbulescu Nicolae Prof. univ. S. Borbely Prof. Claudian Virgil Prof. univ. Gheorghiu Traian Prof. univ. Ghermanescu Mihai Prof. univ. Haimovici Mendel Prof. univ. Halanai Aristide Prof. Hitzig Iosif Prof. Hollinger A. Prof. univ. Hulubei Horia

83. Introduction To Algebra: History Other highly influential works were those of the Italian mathematician Luca Pacioli(14451517), and of the english mathematician Robert Recorde (1510-1558). http://www.geocities.com/mathfair2002/school/alg/alg0.htm

home stands games about ... links The History of Algebra Algebra provides a generalization of arithmetic by using symbols, usually letters, to represent numbers. For example, it is obviously true that This arithmetic statement can be generalized using algebra to x + y = y + x where x and y can be any number. Algebra has been studied for many centuries. Babylonian, and ancient Chinese and Egyptian mathematicians proposed and solved problems in words, that is, using "rhetorical algebra". However, it was not until the 3rd century that algebraic problems began to be considered in a form similar to those studied today. In the 3rd century, the Greek mathematician Diophantus of Alexandria wrote his book Arithmetica . Of the 13 parts originally written, only six still survive, but they provide the earliest record of an attempt to use symbols to represent unknown quantities. Diophantus did not consider general methods in Arithmetica , but instead solved a large number of practical problems.

84. Springer-Verlag - Mathematics Everyone with an interest in the history of mathematics and science will enjoy readingthis book on one of the most famous mathematicians of the 19th century. http://www.springeronline.com/sgw/cda/frontpage/0,10735,5-109-22-2339196-0,00.ht

Please enable Javascript in your browser to browse this website. Select your subdiscipline Algebra Analysis Applications Mathematical Biology Mathematical Physics Probability Theory Quantitative Finance Home Mathematics Select a discipline Biomedical Sciences Chemistry Computer Science Engineering Environmental Sciences Geosciences Law Life Sciences Materials Mathematics Medicine Statistics preloadImage('/sgw/cda/pageitems/designobject/cda_displaydesignobject/0,10885,5-0-17-900120-0,00.gif'); preloadImage('/sgw/cda/pageitems/designobject/cda_displaydesignobject/0,10885,5-0-17-900180-0,00.gif'); preloadImage('/sgw/cda/pageitems/designobject/cda_displaydesignobject/0,10885,5-0-17-900170-0,00.gif'); preloadImage('/sgw/cda/pageitems/designobject/cda_displaydesignobject/0,10885,5-0-17-900190-0,00.gif'); preloadImage('/sgw/cda/pageitems/designobject/cda_displaydesignobject/0,10885,5-0-17-900200-0,00.gif'); preloadImage('/sgw/cda/pageitems/designobject/cda_displaydesignobject/0,10885,5-0-17-900160-0,00.gif'); All Author/Editor Title ISBN/ISSN Series preloadImage('/sgw/cda/pageitems/designobject/cda_displaydesignobject/0,10885,5-0-17-900050-0,00.gif');

85. Logarithm were mathematical so they must be able to be disclosed through reason. He regardedthis work as so important that it was his only work written in english. http://www.thocp.net/sciences/mathematics/logarithm_hist.htm

Logarithm you are here: Sciences Mathematics Many students when using logarithms, only memorize the rules, without fully understanding their concept. The basic concept of logarithms can be expressed as a shortcut. Multiplication is a shortcut for Addition: 3 x 5 means 5 + 5 + 5 Exponents are a shortcut for Multiplication: 4^3 means 4 x 4 x 4 Logarithms are a shortcut for Exponents: 10^2 = 100 The present definition of the logarithm is the exponent or power to which a stated number, called the base, is raised to yield a specific number. The logarithm of 100 to the base 10 is 2 This is written: log 10 100 = 2 Many people throughout time have been accredited with the production and development of logarithms. However, there is one man who is responsible for the invention of the logarithm. That man is the Scotsman, John Napier . Napier is placed within a short lineage of mathematical thinkers beginning with Archimedes and more recent geniuses, Sir Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein. Short bio of John Napier Napier not only "invented" logarithms, he had many other achievements in his lifetime. Among these accomplishments were revolutionary methods for tilling and fertilizing soil and a number of "Secret Inventions" to defend his country from Philip of Spain. These inventions include the round chariot with firepower and heavy protection (the idea behind the tank); an underwater ship (the submarine); and an artillery piece which would mow down a field of soldiers (the machine gun). It is rumored that while testing his machine gun, he took out an entire flock of sheep in a pasture outside of his estate. After witnessing the destructive power his invention possessed, he swore never to make another gun or give the information on how to make one to anyone.

86. General Information - English Home page of the Mathematical Society of Japan (information in english on membership,meetings, journals and other publications, and the history and structure http://tmugs.math.metro-u.ac.jp/general.html

Short cuts to... TMU GEOMETRY GROUP GEOMETRY IN JAPAN FOR STUDENTS ARCHIVES Information on mathematics and mathematicians in Japan Please submit suggestions for this page to martin@comp.metro-u.ac.jp TMU GEOMETRY GROUP BULLETIN BOARD Department of Mathematics, Tokyo Metropolitan University (general information) Weekly seminar timetable (with room information but in Japanese) Singularity theory seminar home page (basic information is repeated below) GEOMETRY SEMINARS Friday 4 June, 14:30-15:30: Fumitoshi Sato (University of Utah) "On a conjecture of Faber and Pandharipande" Friday 4 June, 16:00: S. Yamaguchi (Tokyo University) "Reidemeister-Turaev torsion from unitary representations of the fundamental group" June 15-17: Lecture series by T. Yoshida (Tokyo Institute of Technology) "Conformal blocks and invariants of 3-manifolds" [June 14 16:00-18:00, June 15 14:00-16:00, June 16 16:00-18:00, June 17 13:00-15:00] Friday 25 June, 15:00: Andreas Arvanitoyeorgos (American College of Greece) "Flag manifolds with homogeneous geodesics" Monday 28 June, 15:30: M. Kobayashi (TMU) [TBA]

87. ¥³.The Sixteenth-Century Mathematics Of Italy: Commercial Mathematics Inequality Symbol( , ) These two Symbols were shown in a book published10 years after english mathematician Thomas Harriot(1560~1621). http://seoul-gchs.seoul.kr/~contest/tq/mathematics/temh2400.htm

HOME Back Graphic Version ¥³.The Sixteenth-Century Mathematics of Italy : Commercial Mathematics ¢º Characteristic of The 16th Century Mathematics. ¢º Arrangement of The Symbols ¢ºCubic and Quartic Equations ¡ß Characteristic of The Sixteenth-Century Mathematics ... In summarzing the mathematical achievements of the sixteenth century, We can say that symbolic algebra was well started, computation with the Hindu-Ariabic numerals became standardized, decimal fractions were developed, the cubic and quartic equations were solved and the theory of equations generally advanced, negative numbers were becoming accepted trigonometry was perfected and systematized, and some excellent tables were computed. The stage was set for the remarkable strides of the next century. ¡ß Arrangement of The Symbols Renaissant algebra started with necessity for commerce and arrangement of algebraic symbols. ¡Ý Plus(+) and Minus(-) : These symbols appeared in a book about arithmetic written by John Widmann - Called father of arithmetic - for the first time in 1489. At first, these symbols expressed 'surplus', and 'insufficiency' but later it meant 'addition'and 'subtraction'

88. Library Of The Mathematical Institute Göttingen Deutsch english. Göttingen University. Mathematics. Faculty. Mathematics. Department.Institute for. Numerical. and Applied. Mathematics. Institute for. Mathematical. http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/biblio/indexeng.html

Navigator Deutsch Mathematics Faculty ... Informatics Stand: 1.10.2000 Webmaster Bibbliothek des Mathematischen Instituts Germany Tel. +49-551-397776 Fax. +49-551-392985 e-mail: matthes@uni-math.gwdg.de General Adminstration Information and Opening hours Lecture Notes Publications ... Mathematica Gottingensis Journals Documenta Mathematica Geometry and Topology Mathematical Journals ELib Mathematical Journals gez-n ... Mathematical preprint server Libraries Library of NAM Library of Stochastics State and University Library (SUB) Digital Library of SUB ... WWW Virtual Library Mathematics Catalogues OPAC of Mathematics Faculty OPAC of Mathematical Institute Allegrodatabase of Mathematical Institute Catalogue of NAM ... OPAC of all faculties Archives Math-Net MathN Broker Math-Bib-Net MBN Subject information guide (SUB) ... AMS 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification Publishers Scientific publisher AMS Bookstore Springer Mathematics Elsevier Science ... Antiquariat G. Renner The listed OPAC catalogues of the faculty and the different institutes are not complete in the moment. The complete catalogue of the Mathematical Institute can be accessed however via a special terminal inside the library in the second reading room.

89. Israel Mathematical Union Conferences in Israel. A list of mathematical conferences in Israel in theacademic year 20032004. english-Hebrew Dictionary of Algebra Terminology. http://imu.org.il/

About IMU General information Contact Officers Members Directory of members and mathematicians in Israel Join IMU Mathematics departments in Israel Bar Ilan University, Department of Mathematics and Statistics Ben Gurion University, Department of Mathematics Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Institute of Mathematics Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics ... Weizmann Institute of Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science CS departments in Israel Bar Ilan University, Department of Computer Science Ben Gurion University, Department of Computer Science Hebrew University of Jerusalem, School of Computer Science and Engineering Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Computer Science Department ... Weizmann Institute of Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Mathematics research centers in Israel The Abraham and Sarah Gelbart Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Bar Ilan University Center for Advanced Studies in Mathematics, Ben-Gurion University Center for Mathematical Sciences, Technion Edmund Landau Center for Research in Mathematical Analysis and Related Areas, Hebrew University ... The Emmy Noether Mathematical Institute, Bar-Ilan University Other sites American Mathematical Society (e-MATH) European Mathematical Society (EMS) International Mathematical Union Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics ... Levitzki Prize Past IMU Meetings: Proceedings Math Lectures and Colloquia in Israel For a list of recent and upcoming lectures and colloquia in mathematics throughout Israel, see

90. English Summaries Of Mathematical Proofs english Summaries of Mathematical Proofs Principal goal of the projectBuild a system which summarises mathematical proofs in english. http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/bundy/projects/97-98/plan-description.html

English Summaries of Mathematical Proofs Supervisor: Alan Bundy, 502716, bundy@dai Subject Areas: Automated Reasoning/Theorem Proving, Project Suitable for the Following Degrees: MSC in AI, AI-CS4, AI-Math4, AI-Psych4, Principal goal of the project: Build a system which summarises mathematical proofs in English. The system will use proof planning to construct the summaries. Description: When mathematicians explain proofs to each other they can draw on a shared language of common proof patterns. This enables them to summarise the proof using only the overall shape and the departures from the standard patterns. Most automated reasoning systems do not support such ways of explaining proofs. Normally, it is only possible to explain the proof in terms of the lowest level logical steps. This leads to long, detailed and hard to understand explanations. The proof planning technique should be adaptable to provide the kind of proof summaries described above. A proof plan is the computational representation of a common pattern of proof. Proof plans have been used by our Clam planner to guide the search for a proof, mainly in the domain of mathematical induction. Critics analyse any failure to apply a proof plan to a conjecture and suggest patches. It seems possible to exploit this by explaining a proof in terms of (a) the underlying proof plan and (b) any departures from it. Typical proof summaries might be:

91. English Electric Deuce Computer first Deuce computer delivered to the Mathematical Services Department in May 1956.RAE was the first customer to be supplied outside the english Electric group http://users.tpg.com.au/eedeuce/rae.htm

The following is a list of those who worked at MSD in those early days as they come to mind, I track them down or they contact me after visiting this website. Please use the INDEX to locate DEUCE PEOPLE on this and other pages of the website. ROYAL AIRCRAFT ESTABLISHMENT Mathematical Services Department (MSD) - (Pre Deuce) The RAE was the only government establishment, apart from the NPL, to develop an important computing centre during the late 1940s. Hollerith machines were installed in 1944 as the basis for a Computing Laboratory, which was under the direction of R.A. Fairthorne. A Mathematical Services Department was soon set up, and by taking on outside work it became a wellknown and influential computing centre in the late 1940s and early 1950s. (Mary Croarken) NAHC/RAE Dr Stuart H HOLLINGDALE - Head of Department Robert A FAIRTHORNE - Chief Mathematician Dr Kenneth DIPROSE - Head of the wooden hut in which I worked. (John Barrett) Designed a mechanical module which could be cascaded to 'digitise' shaft rotations in wind tunnel instrumentation applications. Mr PEARSALL - Mechanical Engineer Bill HOLE - A design engineer who could measure voltages up to 1000V, within 10%, just by touching with a moistened finger.

92. Distinguished Scientists Of The Past english mathematician and physicist who formulated the law of universal gravitationand was born in Woolsthorpe, near Grantham in Lincolnshire, England. http://www.universityscience.ie/pages/distinguishedsci_past.htm

Distinguished Scientists of the Past (10 New Profiles added June 2004) Thomas Andrews Born in Belfast, Thomas Andrews studied in Scotland, France and at Trinity College Dublin, before setting up a medical practice in Belfast. Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell, (1847-1922), American inventor and teacher of the deaf, who invented the telephone was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. Daniel Bernoulli Born on January 29th 1700, he came from a long line of mathematicians. His father Johann was head of mathematics at Groningen University in the Netherlands. George Boole The inventor of "Boolean algebra" Born in Lincoln, England, the son of a shoemaker and a lady's maid, George Boole left school early to support his family. He earned money from teaching and had set up his own school by 1834. Robert Boyle Known as "… the son of the Earl of Cork and the father of Chemistry", Robert Boyle was born in Lismore, Co. Waterford, the youngest of fourteen children of Richard Boyle, First Earl of Cork, and his second wife, Katherine Fenton. Robert played a key role in establishing the experimental method, on which all modern science is based.

93. Career Mathematical Technicians Composition Technical Writing english Grammar Business and Applied english. Cost EstimatorsMathematicians Numerical Control Tool Programmers Statistical Clerks http://www.iseek.org/sv/13000.jsp?id=100373

94. About UBM In English UBM is a member of the European Mathematical Society and the American MathematicalSociety. The main UBM page (in english) The main UBM page (in Bulgarian) http://www.math.bas.bg/~smb/about.html

Union of Bulgarian Mathematicians This Page in Bulgarian(íà Áúëãàðñêè) The Union of Bulgarian Mathematicians (UBM) is a voluntary, creative, non-political organisation whose purpose is to bring together people who are interested in Mathematics and Computer science or are involved in activities related to those fields. The UBM is self-funded and receives no bounty either from the state or from any social institutions. The birthdate of the UBM is February 14-th, 1898 when a group of enthusiastic lecturers from the Department of Mathematics at the Higher School, teachers from the two High schools in Sofia at that time and the Chief Secretary of the Ministry of Education founded, under the leadership of Prof. Emanuil Ivanov, the Physical and Mathematical Society (PMS), a forerunner of the UBM. This happened several months after the First International Congress of Mathematics (Zurich, August 1897). Thus the UBM is only a few years younger than the renowned Gottingen Mathematical Society instituted by F. Klein and H. Weber in 1892. Generations of mathematicians, physicists and computer scientists are deeply indebted to their patriotic precursors for the alliance which was founded as early as the late 19th century and has been bearing fruit for 100 years. In the last 30 years the number of the sections of the UBM has been growing swiftly, eventually reaching 71. With a fervour characteristic of the Renaissance the members of the UBM recruit new sympathisers, broaden and diversify their activity. In 1998, the year of its anniversary, the UBM has about 5000 members - teachers in Mathematics and Computer science, University lecturers, scholars and specialists from all parts of the country. In its 100 years of existence the UBM has been chaired by internationally renowned scholars and established social figures. Among its presidents are Dr. Ivan Salabashev, Prof. Emanuil Ivanov, Dr. Stefan Lafchiev (for more than 30 years), Acad. Georgi Nadzhakov, Acad. Bojan Petkanchin, Assoc. Prof. Petko Ivanov, Prof. Alipi Mateev, Acad. Ljubomir Iliev (now Honorary President of the UMB), Assoc. Prof. Ljubomir Davidov, Assoc. Prof. Chavdar Lozanov (President at the time of writing).

95. Frankfurt Book Fair - ESTANDS PROCEEDINGS OF St.PETERSBURG MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY Series Editor Nina N. Uraltsevaenglish translation American Mathematical Society http//e-math.ams.org http://e.frankfurt-book-fair.com/30000_estands_online_default.asp?folder=scibook

96. EMIS ELibM: Mathematical Journals translated into english from cover to cover and the english edition is availablefrom Kluwer Academic Publishers under the title Siberian Mathematical Journal. http://www.emis.de/journals/

The Electronic Library of Mathematics Mathematical Journals No graphics version of this page For fastest access: Choose your nearest mirror site! For other math journals, see the PSU list of mathematical journals the journal of (Hungary) The journal publishes refereed papers from any field in mathematics. Manuscripts dealing with topics from informatics are also considered. Submission of a manuscript implies that the work described has not been published elsewhere. The journal appears in 1 volume per annum in electronic form only (the former paperback edition was founded in 1977). Access is free. To print or copy unmodified files of the journal is allowed without any permission. Acta Mathematica Universitatis Comenianae This is the electronic version of Acta Mathematica Universitatis Comenianae. The master copies of the files of this Journal are maintained at the Comenius University, Inst. of Applied Math., Bratislava. The free access to the electronic version of this journal is based on the distribution of its print version. The print version is available from Library of Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Comenius University,

97. Naam D thesis in english, Utrecht University}. JA van Maanen, `From quadrature to integrationthirteen years in the life of the cissoid , Mathematical Gazette Vol http://www.math.rug.nl/indvHPs/Maanen.html

98. World-Information.Org Alan Turing, an english mathematician and logician, advocated the theory that eventuallycomputers could be created that would be capable of human thought. http://world-information.org/wio/infostructure/100437611663/100438659354/?ic=100

99. Project Syndicate of biology s postgenomic era. In fact, with genetics set to improve everythingfrom human health to agriculture, physicists and mathematicians worldwide are http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentaries/commentary_text.php4?id=1161&lang=

100. SRINIVASA RAMANUJAN It was in no sense a mathematical classic; rather, it was written as an aid to coachingEnglish mathematics students facing the notoriously difficult Tripos http://www.usna.edu/Users/math/meh/ramanujan.html

Srinivasa Ramanujan It is one of the most romantic stories in the history of mathematics: in 1913, the English mathematician G. H. Hardy received a strange letter from an unknown clerk in Madras, India. The ten-page letter contained about 120 statements of theorems on infinite series, improper integrals, continued fractions, and number theory (Here is a .dvi file with a sample of these results). Every prominent mathematician gets letters from cranks, and at first glance Hardy no doubt put this letter in that class. But something about the formulas made him take a second look, and show it to his collaborator J. E. Littlewood. After a few hours, they concluded that the results "must be true because, if they were not true, no one would have had the imagination to invent them". Thus was Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920) introduced to the mathematical world. Born in South India, Ramanujan was a promising student, winning academic prizes in high school. But at age 16 his life took a decisive turn after he obtained a book titled A Synopsis of Elementary Results in Pure and Applied Mathematics . The book was simply a compilation of thousands of mathematical results, most set down with little or no indication of proof. It was in no sense a mathematical classic; rather, it was written as an aid to coaching English mathematics students facing the notoriously difficult Tripos examination, which involved a great deal of wholesale memorization. But in Ramanujan it inspired a burst of feverish mathematical activity, as he worked through the book's results and beyond. Unfortunately, his total immersion in mathematics was disastrous for Ramanujan's academic career: ignoring all his other subjects, he repeatedly failed his college exams.

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