61. Biography-center Indexes 25495 Biographies ! Biographycenter is a huge directory of biographies available on the Web english) Visit a. random biography ! Any language. Arabic. Bulgarian. Catalan. Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) http://www.biography-center.com/

biographies (10890 biographies in English) Visit a random biography ! Any language Arabic Bulgarian Catalan Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hebrew Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Italian Japanese Korean Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Turkish A B C D ... Forum Mailing-list Each week, a selection of biographies hébergement de site web Get a free message board

62. Mathematica Laboratory purpose is the historical contextualization of problems, of theories and of methods.Many machines realize projects or ideas of mathematicians, from the http://www.museo.unimo.it/labmat/usa1.htm

MATHEMATICAL LABORATORY In the Mathematical Laboratory of the University Museum of Natural History and Scientific Instruments there are about 160 mathematical machines built by teachers of Liceo A.Tassoni in the scope of an innovation project for the teaching of geometry developed by the Nucleo di Ricerca in Storia e Didattica della Matematica (University of Modena) . The project , coordinated by prof. Mariolina Bartolini Bussi ( bartolini@unimo.it ) has produced mathematical machines, didactical itineraries, animation films and simulations by computer. With these teaching aids we introduce a historical dimension and a manipulative and visual one in our classrooms. Our didactical research purpose is the historical contextualization of problems, of theories and of methods.Many "machines" realize projects or ideas of mathematicians, from the Ancient Greek up to now. For the use of these "machines" in the classroom, students have to elaborate abstract themes and proofs. Classroom activities have been developed on curricular themes using machines and also some seminars have been organized with teachers of different schools . Two exibitions were organized , in Modena in 1992 and in Torino in 1996. We are collaborating with Vierkant Foundation -Amsterdam (http://www.cs.vu.nl./~vierkant/) and with the group Cabri-Geometre of Grenoble (http//www-cabri.imag.fr/). The research project on Mathematical Machines had been financed by the Municipality of Modena, by CNR, by MURST and by University of Modena.

63. Norsk Matematisk Forening In addition to being a member organization for professional mathematicians (andall others with a keen interest in mathematics), it organizes a competition http://www.matematikkforeningen.no/indexeng.html

Norsk Matematisk Forening Norwegian home page INFOMAT Links The board The history of the society NMFs old home page Normat ... Abel competition Vacant positions Norge Scandinavia Europe The Norwegian Mathematical Society (NMF) was founded November 2, 1918. In addition to being a member organization for professional mathematicians (and all others with a keen interest in mathematics), it organizes a competition ( Abelkonkurransen ) for high school students, and arranges a yearly Ski and mathematics conference. Beginning in 2004, NMF is also responsible for the Abel symposia . The (now online) newsletter INFOMAT comes in 11 issues a year. Snail mail address: Norwegian Mathematical Society Dept of Mathematical Sciences NTNU Norwary

64. Mathematical Problems By David Hilbert Mary Winston Newson translated Hilbert s address into english forBulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 1902. A reprint http://www.mathematik.uni-bielefeld.de/~kersten/hilbert/problems.html

Hilbert's Mathematical Problems Hilberts Probleme (deutsch) In 1900, D AVID H ILBERT outlined 23 mathematical problems to the International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris. His famous address influenced, and still today influence, mathematical research all over the world. The original address Mathematische Probleme Mary Winston Newson translated Hilbert's address into English for Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 1902. A reprint of which appeared in Mathematical Developments Arising from Hilbert Problems , edited by Felix E. Browder, American Mathematical Society, 1976. There is also a collection on Hilbert's Problems, edited by P. S. Alexandrov, 1969, in Russian, which has been translated into German. Further Reading: Ivor Grattan-Guinness: A Sideways Look at Hilbert's Twenty-three Problems of 1900 (pdf file), Notices of the AMS, 47, 2000. Jeremy J.Gray: We must know, we shall know; a History of the Hilbert Problems, European Math. Soc.: Newsletter 36, and Oxford Univ. Press, 2000. David Joyce, Clark University, produced a

65. Mathematics Week Twelve Warm Ups - Questions To Begin The School Day 71? Answer Archimedes 2. Which english mathematician who becamethe Lucasian Professor of Mathematics invented calculus? Answer http://712educators.about.com/blwarmmath12.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Education Secondary School Educators Home ... Curricular How-To's for 7-12 Educators zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Curriculum and Lesson Plans Assessments Technology and Education Learning Theories ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Secondary School Educators newsletter. Search Secondary School Educators Mathematics Warm Ups: Spotlight on Mathematicians 1. Which Greek mathematician calculated the value of pi between 3 1/2 and 3 10/71? Answer: Archimedes 2. Which English mathematician who became the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics invented calculus? Answer: Sir Isaac Newton 3. Which French mathematician is famous for his phrase, "I think, therefore I am?" Answer: Rene Descartes 4. Which English mathematician of the nineteenth century is known for his invention of a machine which could not only perform the ordinary processes of arithmetic, but could tabulate the values of any function and print the results? (Hint: A computer software store was named after him.) Answer: Charles Babbage 5. This Italian mathematician lived during the Middle Ages and popularized the modern decimal system of numerals. His name describes a sequence where each number is equal to the sum of the previous two numbers.

66. JSMF - English Version JSMF pobocky http://www.uniba.sk/~jsmf/En_jsmf.htm

Introduction History Contacts The year ... Links Further information available in a Slovak version (Slovenska verzia) This is a version without frames You'll need to use 'BACK' (more often)

67. About The Handbook Of Mathematical Discourse It is an attempt to describe accurately the language actually used by englishspeakingmathematicians in the mathematical register as well as in other aspects http://www.cwru.edu/artsci/math/wells/pub/abouthbk.htm

Charles Wells' Website CWRU Mathematics Department Website The Handbook of Mathematical Discourse The Handbook has been published. Website where you can buy it. The Handbook is based on citations from the literature which are available as a PDF file by clicking here To find a citation, type control-shift n and then the number of the citation. Purpose of the Handbook. Description of the Handbook Links Mathematics ... Other Sites Purpose of the Handbook The Handbook of Mathematical Discourse is a compilation of mathematical usage with a focus on the words and phrases that cause problems for students at the postcalculus level, when they are beginning to study abstract mathematics. It also contains words describing behaviors and attitudes that students and instructors might have. The focus is on American usage/ Its point of view is that mathematical English is a foreign language It uses familiar words with different meanings. Sometimes the meanings are only a little different and sometimes they are very different. It uses familiar grammatical constructions with different meanings.

68. KEITH MATTHEWS' MATHEMATICAL GATEWAYS TO THE WWW LEO english/German Dictionary; Online english to Italian to english Dictionary; Biographiesof Women Mathematicans; Dave Rusin s Mathematical Atlas; The integrator http://www.numbertheory.org/ntw/gateways.html

Keith Matthews' Mathematical Gateways to the WWW Publishers/Booksellers/Libraries MathSciNet (for subscribers only) sci.math.research (via google) Maths Departments Journals and Contents Pages ScienceDirect (access to Academic Press journals) (for subscribers only) LINK (Springer's journal information service) (for subscribers only) JSTOR (for subscribers only) Search the web MathSearch (Jim Richardson's Search Program) Google Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics e-MATH Home Page MathSciNet (for subscribers only) Mathematics Subject Classification AMS Combined Membership List Search AMS Mathematics Calendar AMS Bookstore ... Mathematics Archives (no longer being updated) Mathematics Archives MSDOS Software The European Mathematical Society The Electronic Library of Mathematics The Jahrbuch Project Internet resources Mathematics Information Servers (Pennsylvania State University) Maths Forum: Internet Resource Collection (An annotated guide) BUBL , Catalogue of Internet Mathematical Resources Yahoo mathematics directory Math-Net (Internet Information Services for Mathematicians) The World-Wide Web Virtual Library: Mathematics (Florida State University) MathGuide Atlas Mathematical Conference Abstracts Atlas Mathematical List of Conferences Terence Tao's list of conferences ... National Symposia Website (The Newton Centre's list of UK Symposia etc) Number Theory Web Graphs: Theory - Algorithms - Complexity (Thomas Emden-Weinert) Graph Theory Resources (Daniel Sandars) World Combinatorics Exchange The Probability Web (Founded by Phil Pollett)

69. TRIVIA GAME 3. This 17th century english mathematician wrote two famous books onmathematics The Artihmetica and The Algebra. He invented the http://www.ga.k12.pa.us/academics/MS/PiDay/trivia.htm

3.14 TRIVIA GAME 1. This remarkable Swiss mathematician and teacher was responsible for instituting the use of the symbol for pi in mathematical notation. 2. The Islamic scientist/mathematician AL-Khowarizmi is credited with coining the word. His book, written in 825 AD, demonstrated how to solve equations and became widely popular throughout the world. 3. This 17th century English mathematician wrote two famous books on mathematics: The Artihmetica and The Algebra. He invented the term interpolation and created a celebrated formula for determining the value of pi. 4. numerals are the most common system of number notation used in today’s world. 5. What extraordinary Indian mathematician created a formula to rapidly calculate the value of pi? He was fascinated with infinity. 6. What popular graphical artist uses mathematical principles such as mobius strips, knots,optical illusions and transformations in his work? 7. This 19th century French mathematician did very innovative work with equations and quadratic forms. He correspondended at length with other mathematicians and often contributed to their work. His work with transcendental numbers was the foundation for later proof of the transcendence of pi.

70. ThinkQuest : Library : Mathematics History Ý Inequality Symbol( , ) These two Symbols were shown in a book published10 years after english mathematician Thomas Harriot(1560~1621). http://library.thinkquest.org/22584/emh1400.htm

Index Math Mathematics History An extensive history of mathematics is at your fingertips, from Babylonian cuneiforms to advances in Egyptian geometry, from Mayan numbers to contemporary theories of axiomatical mathematics. You will find it all here. Biographical information about a number of important mathematicians is included at this excellent site. Visit Site 1998 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Languages English Korean Students Hyun-jin Jae-yun Hwang(Seoul Yo Sang), Kwan-ak Gu, Korea, South Kyung-sun Jae-yun Hwang(Seoul Yo Sang), Kwan-ak Gu, Korea, South So-young Jae-yun Hwang(Seoul Yo Sang), Kwan-ak Gu, Korea, South Coaches Jae-yun Jae-yun Hwang(Seoul Yo Sang), Kwan-ak Gu, Korea, South Jong-hyun Jong-hyun Lee(Seoul Yo Sang), Kwan-ak Gu, Korea, South Dea-won Dea-won Ko (Seoul Yo Sang), Kwan-ak Gu, Korea, South Want to build a ThinkQuest site? The ThinkQuest site above is one of thousands of educational web sites built by students from around the world. Click here to learn how you can build a ThinkQuest site.

71. ThinkQuest : Library : Maths Universe incomplete or inconsistent. AD 1937, english mathematician Alan Turingpubilshed the mathematical theory of computing. AD 1944, John Von http://library.thinkquest.org/C007273/mathcronos.html

Index Math Algebra Maths Universe Visit Site 2000 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Languages English Students Yanjie Anderson Secondary School, Singapore, Singapore Ivan Steve Facultad de Ingenierma (UAEM), Metepec, Mexico Eneas Adan Instituto Tecnolsgico de Toluca, Metepec, Mexico Coaches Lai Fong Anderson Secondary School, Singapore, Singapore Want to build a ThinkQuest site? The ThinkQuest site above is one of thousands of educational web sites built by students from around the world. Click here to learn how you can build a ThinkQuest site. Privacy Policy

72. Christine Ladd-Franklin With the support of the english mathematician JJ Sylvester, Ladd was allowed to attendgraduate courses in mathematics at Johns Hopkins University despite the http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/ladd.htm

Christine Ladd-Franklin December 1, 1847 - March 5, 1930 Christine Ladd was born in Windsor, Connecticut on December 1, 1847. After schooling at Wesleyan Academy in Massachussetts for two years, she entered Vassar College in 1866, but dropped out after one year because of financial difficulties. During the following year she did some teaching and continued her studies in trigonometry, biology, and languages on her own. Her interests in languages allowed her to translate Schiller's "Des Madchens Klage" into English, which was then published in the Hartford local newspaper. In the fall of 1868 Ladd returned to Vassar, graduating a year later. It was only after she left college that Ladd began her serious study of mathematics. She published solutions to mathematical problems in the Educational Times of London and the American journal The Analyst , and even studied mathematics at Harvard with W. E. Byerly and James Mills Peirce. With the support of the English mathematician J.J. Sylvester, Ladd was allowed to attend graduate courses in mathematics at Johns Hopkins University despite the fact that the university was not open to women. At Johns Hopkins she developed her interest in symbolic logic, writing a dissertation on "The Algebra of Logic" and publishing several more articles in The Analyst . However, Johns Hopkins did not allow women to receive the Ph.D. degree, so Ladd left the school in 1882 without that official recognition.

73. Flamsteed, John In UK Directory: Library: Mathematicians Flamsteed, John Find resources on the 17th centuryEnglish mathematician John Flamsteed. http://www.ukdirectory.co.uk/Dir/?Category=705569,44539,44548,904631,10038226

74. The Math Forum - Math Library - English from the proceedings of the TwentySecond Conference of the American Mathematical more . For Windows 95 and later; with instructions in Dutch and english. http://mathforum.org/library/languages/english/

Browse and Search the Library Home Languages : English Library Home Search Full Table of Contents Suggest a Link ... Library Help Selected Sites (see also All Sites in this category Wikipedia Mathematics The free encyclopedia's entries on mathematics. A wiki is a collection of interlinked web pages, any of which can be visited and edited by anyone at any time. Many pages also available in a range of foreign languages. more>> All Sites - 9451 items found, showing 1 to 50 0! = 1 - Math Forum, Ask Dr. Math FAQ Why does 0! = 1 ? ...more>> 0.9999 = 1 - Math Forum, Ask Dr. Math FAQ Why does 0.9999... = 1 ? An answer adapted from the sci.math FAQ. ...more>> 0! - Jim Loy An explanation of factorials, which "get large, fairly fast. They are very important in probability and calculus." ...more>> 0 to power - Math Forum, Ask Dr. Math FAQ According to some Calculus textbooks, 0^0 is an "indeterminate form"; in some cases we think about it as having one value, and in other cases as having another... ...more>> $1000 High School Calculus Student Award (Math Chat) - Frank Morgan, MAA Online

75. The Decimal System decimal system. english mathematician John Halifax would try to promotethe decimal system to his countrymen in 1253. But it was http://www.didyouknow.cd/decimal.htm

Did you know? The mathematical decimal system was introduced in 4BC On 23 September 1999 NASA scientists lost the $100 million Mars Climate Orbiter because they instructed the craft in imperial (inches and feet) instead of metric (metres) measurements. It sent the probe, which was set up for metric data, off course and burning up in the Mars atmosphere. The first decimal system was introduced in the 4th Century BC by the Sumerians of Mesopotamia, to whom the invention of writing is credited. They based their numerical system on powers of 60 subdivided into multiples of 10. It was from this system that Sumero-Babylonians developed the time system that we use today: each hour is divided into 60 minutes, which are divided into 60 seconds. However, they did not have a symbol for zero, which was introduced by Arabians only toward the end of the first millennium BC. It is thought that the zero could have been devised by Indian Hindu mathematicians because the concept of nothing was important in their early religion and philosophy.

76. The Study Of A Child With Mathematical Difficulties of Washington THE JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL BEHAVIOR Volume 18, Number 1,1999. Thisarticle is one of a matched pair in French and english resulting from a three http://www.math.washington.edu/~warfield/articles/gael/Gael20.html

The study of a child with mathematical difficulties Virginia M. Warfield - University of Washington THE JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL BEHAVIOR Volume 18, Number 1,1999 This article is one of a matched pair in French and English resulting from a three-way collaboration between Guy Brousseau, Nadine Brousseau and Virginia Warfield. It was launched by the desire of the latter to make available to the English-speaking community an article written by Guy Brousseau in 1981. The resulting discussions produced so many modifications and clarifications that the three undertook to make the improved version available also in French. The process provided splendid evidence that differences in linguistic and cultural perspective can be a source of considerable intellectual enrichment. INTRODUCTION to the English Language Version (Warfield) One of the most widely known articles in the "gray literature" of the field of Didactique is the " " (the Case of Gaël), by Guy Brousseau, which originally appeared in 1981. It is the which, modified, clarified and translated, is the main content of the current article. In order to explain its importance, we will start with the background of the article, and of its author.

77. Hokkaido Mathematical Journal : Mathematics Of Nonlinear Structure Via Singulari Hokkaido Mathematical Journal, one of the worldleading mathematical academicjournals available in english, is published by the Department of Mathematics http://coe.math.sci.hokudai.ac.jp/literature/hmj/index.html.en

Japanese Site Map Department of Math. Hokkaido Univ. 21st Century COE Program : Mathematics of Nonlinear Structure via Singularity Hokkaido Mathematical Journal Hokkaido Mathematical Journal, one of the world-leading mathematical academic journals available in English, is published by the Department of Mathematics, Hokkaido University. The journal grew out of Series I, Mathematics, originally published from 1930 to 1972 as part of the Journal of Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. In 1972, we started our own publication-what is now known as Hokkaido Mathematics Journal. Our department publishes the journal three times a year, with an annual volume comprising a total of nearly 600 pages. Each volume contains about 40 excellent research papers by mathematicians without regard to their fields, nationalities, or affiliations. For the past three years, an average of some 85 papers have been contributed to our journal annually. More than half of them were from contributors in some 20 different countries. In principle, all contributions are refereed and the final decisions are made based on the reports from the referees. The journal is available at about 200 libraries and research institutions in Japan and 400 universities and institutions abroad.

78. History Of Astronomy: Persons: Sources mathematicians of the Seventeenth Century Including some astronomers; Englishmathematicians of the Eighteenth Century Including some astronomers; http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers-sources.html

History of Astronomy Persons History of Astronomy: Persons: Sources Deutsche Fassung General questions Important Astronomers, their Instruments and Discoveries , by Paul M. Rybski Strange Cases from the Files of Astronomical Sociology by Kevin Krisciunas Astronomers and Women Scientists , by Ragbir Bhathal "In this paper I discuss two of my oral history projects: Australian Astronomers and Women in Australian Science." Awards and other honours Anna-Greta and Holger Crafoord Prize Arctowski Medal Benjamin Apthorp Gould Prize The Bruce Medalists ... Bruno Rossi Prize (Or see here George P. Merrill Award Henry Draper Medal Honorary membership of the Astronomische Gesellschaft ... Honoris Causa Doctors of Nicholas Copernicus University Among them many astronomers J. Lawrence Smith Medal James Craig Watson Medal Karl Schwarzschild Medal Lorimer Medallists of the Astronomical Society of Edinburgh Lunar features named after mathematicians The 35 Lunar Craters Named to Honor Jesuit Scientists More biographical data on astronomers The following documents contain more biographical material on astronomers. The information provided by these documents is rather short, and there are usually several persons included in each document. Therefore, these pages are not listed in the alphabetic files of

79. ALIQUOT PAGE - Prime Families - Primzahlfamilien There are only a few older mathematical articles. David Moews, Eric W. Weissteinand Chris K. Caldwell give an actual overview about the english literature. http://home.t-online.de/home/Wolfgang.Creyaufmueller/aliquote.htm

Aliquot Sequences e-mail down Diese Seite ist auch in deutsch erhältlich. powered by FreeFind Index without frames Activate frames and permanent directory definition aliquot sequences tables ... start Definition - Catalan Conjecture start up down An aliquot sequence is a sequence of integers, built with the sigma function . sigma(n) or s(n) is the sum of divisors of an integer n. The sum of the proper divisors is i(n) = sigma(n) - n Iterate: i(n) = sigma(n) - n, i(i(n)) = sigma(i(n)) - i(n) and so on. 276:i4 means the fourth iteration in the sequence starting with 276. This sequence begins with 276, 396, 696, 1104, 1872 - 276:i4 is 1872. You can look at the complete sequence with this link: or at the graph Normally an aliquot sequence ends in a prime. Different sequences can come together and end in the same prime. All these side sequences are called a prime family Primzahlfamilie ). New calculations occasionally lead to a confluence of two former different aliquot sequences into one family. This was first published by the Belgian mathematician Eugène Catalan in the year 1888. Leonard Eugene Dickson extended the so called Catalan conjecture : "

80. CLIFFORD CLIFFORD, WILLIAM KINGDON (18451879), english mathematician and philosopher,was born on the 4th of May 1845 at Exeter, where his father was a prominent http://28.1911encyclopedia.org/C/CL/CLIFFORD.htm

CLIFFORD CLIFFORD, WILLIAM KINGDON His works, published wholly or in part since his death, are Elements of Dynamic (1879-1887); Seeing and Thinking, popular science lectures (1879); Lectures and Essays, with an introduction by Sir F. Pollock (1879); Mathematical Papers, edited by R. Tucker, with an introduction by Henry J. S. Smith (1882); and The Common Sense of the Exact Sciences, completed by Professor Karl Pearson (1885). CLIFFORD OF CHUDLEIGH, THOMAS CLIFFORD, 1ST BARON (1630-1673), English lord treasurer, a member of the ancient family of Clifford, descended from Walter de Clifford of Clifford Castle in Herefordshire, was the son of Hugh Clifford of Ugbrook near Exeter, and of Mary, daughter of Sir George Chudleigh of Ashton, Devonshire. He was born on the 1st of August 1630, matriculated in 1647 at Exeter College, Oxford, where lie showed distinguished ability, supplicated for the B.A. degree in 1650, and entered the Middle Temple in 1648. He represented Totnes in the convention parliament and in that of 1661; and he joined the faction of young men who spoke confidently and often, and who sought to rise to power by attacking Clarendon. The chancellor, according to Burnet, had repulsed his advances on account of his Romanism, and Clifford accordingly offered his services to Arlington, whose steady supporter he now became. CLICHY JOHN CLIFFORD

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