1. Early English Algebra Early English Algebra. In the first half of the 16th century, Cuthbert Tonstall of the foremost english mathematicians 2. They were the first mathematicians at the University of http://vmoc.museophile.com/algebra/section3_2.html

Next: Algebra and Analytical Engines Up: A Brief History of Algebra and Computing: An Eclectic Oxonian View Previous: The Origins of Algebra Early English Algebra In the first half of the 16th century, Cuthbert Tonstall (1474-1559) and Robert Recorde (1510?-1558) were two of the foremost English mathematicians . They were the first mathematicians at the University of Cambridge whose lives have been recorded in any detail and as such may be considered founders of one of the most important centres of mathematics in the world. Both migrated to Oxford University during their careers. Robert Recorde, perhaps the more important of the two, became a Fellow of All Souls College at Oxford in 1531. The earliest use of the word algebra may be found in Recorde's Pathway of Knowledge (1551) in which he wrote: Also the rule of false position, with dyvers examples not onely vulgar, but some appertayning to the rule of Algebra. In 1557 he introduced the equality sign ` ' in his Whetstone of Witte , chosen ``bicause noe 2 thynges can be moare equalle'' (than two parallel lines of the same length). The symbols ` ' and ' were introduced for the first time in print in John Widman 's Arithmetic (Leipzig, 1489), but only came into general use in England after Recorde's

2. The Scientists: Edmund Halley. blupete's Biographies The Scientists Edmund Halley (16561742), English mathematician and astronomer. The most famous of english mathematicians and astronomers, Edmund Halley attended Queen's http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Science/Halley.htm

Edmund Halley The most famous of English mathematicians and astronomers, Edmund Halley attended Queen's College, Oxford. In 1683, Halley published his theory of the variation of the magnet. In 1684, Halley conferred with Newton as to whether the centripetal force in the solar system varies inversely as the square of the distance. In 1686, he wrote on the trade winds and the monsoons. In his three voyages during 1698-1701, Halley was to test his magnetic variation theory, after which he was to become a professor of Geometry at Oxford. At the age of 64, he invented the diving bell. Halley died a venerated old man, at Greenwich in 1742. [I am fortunate, for among my books I have The Three Voyages of Edmund Halley in the Paramore: 1698-1701 ; edited by Norman J. W. Thrower; portraiture as Fp.; (London: The Hakluyt Society, 1981).] [UP] [SCIENTISTS LIST] [BIOGRAPHIES JUMP PAGE] [HOME] January, 1999. Peter Landry E-MAIL: Because our old e-mail address has been harvested by the spamers of the world (they have absolutely no conscience) and further because of that obnoxious "worm" or infection that has been going around as of late, we have been obliged to set up a new e-mail address for us here at blupete and a new system to prevent it from being harvested off of the site. The new e-mail is Or, Just click

3. The Introduction Of Analysis Into England French sources, and I therefore place these remarks at the close of my account ofthe French school; but I should add that the english mathematicians of this http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/19thCentury/RouseBall/RB_Engl19C.htm

The Introduction of Analysis into England From `A Short Account of the History of Mathematics' (4th edition, 1908) by W. W. Rouse Ball. Ivory The Cambridge Analytical School Woodhouse Peacock ... Herschel The complete isolation of the English school and its devotion to geometrical methods are the most marked features in its history during the latter half of the eighteenth century; and the absence of any considerable contribution to the advancement of mathematical science was a natural consequence. One result of this was that the energy of English men of science was largely devoted to practical physics and practical astronomy, which were in consequence studied in Britain perhaps more than elsewhere. Ivory Almost the only English mathematician at the beginning of this century who used analytical methods, and whose work requires mention here, is Ivory, to whom the celebrated theorem in attractions is due. Sir James Ivory was born in Dundee in 1765, and died on September 21, 1842. After graduating at St. Andrews he became the managing partner in a flax-spinning company in Forfarshire, but continued to devote most of his leisure to mathematics. In 1804 he was made professor at the Royal Military College at Marlow, which was subsequently moved to Sandhurst; he was knighted in 1831. He contributed numerous papers to the Philosophical Transactions , the most remarkable being those on attractions. In one of these, in 1809, he shewed how the attraction of a homogeneous ellipsoid on an external point is a multiple of that of another ellipsoid on an internal point: the latter can be easily obtained. He criticized Laplace's solution of the method of least squares with unnecessary bitterness, and in terms which shewed that he had failed to understand it.

4. Chapter 4 Three Mathematicians Constructivist Epistemology And The 1 Chapter 4 Three Mathematicians Constructivist Epistemology and the New Mathematical orientations of three important english mathematiciansJohn Wallis, Isaac Barrow, and http://home.earthlink.net/~dsepkosk/ch4.pdf

5. Sir Isaac Newton Biography, Biografia, Picture, Gravity, Laws Of he could write it as fluently as English. Early in his stay other works by english mathematicians were published after Leibniz's calculus, mathematicians throughout Europe assumed http://www.isaac-newton.info/isaac-newton/Sir-Isaac-Newton-biography-biografia-p

KEYNOTE TECHNOLOGY SPEAKER Are you ready to take your conference to the next level? Do you need a great speaker to inform, inspire and show your audience the future? We can provide a keynote speaker on information technology , offshore outsourcing , or a custom presentation. Visit emeagwali.com and book Emeagwali Or call 7 (US/Canada) and 443-850-0850 (Outside US). Refer this speaker Get $500! What's New! Can I patent an idea How to patent a product Where to get patent application Information on patent submission Where do I obtain patents Where do I obtain Links to help artists, authors and musicians Info on obtaining protections Isaac Newton Also known as: (Sir) Isaac Newton, Sir Isaac Newton Birth: Death: Nationality: English Occupation: mathematician and physicist Source: Notable Mathematicians . Gale Research, 1998. BIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY Isaac Newton was one of the leading mathematical and scientific geniuses of the 17th and 18th centuries, best known for his far-reaching discoveries in mathematics, physics, and optics. Among Newton's many achievements was his invention of the calculus (the German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz would independently invent it a few years later), the formulation of the three laws of motion and the universal theory of gravitation, and he proved that sunlight is the combination of many colors. Newton also served as master of the Royal Mint in London and president of the Royal Society of London for many years.

6. Young/Chisholm/Bell Families WorkNotes FAQYoungs daresay that there are many of us who will remember, 20 years ago, say, when thename of Willian Henry Young was not persona grata with english mathematicians. http://www.worknotes.com/WI/Madison/ACGYoung/faq7.stm

Young/Chisholm/Bell Families Home About this web site ACGYOUNG Young Family ... Email FAQYoungs Frequently Asked Questions: How was LC Young's first publication received? How was LC Young's first publication received? Back to Top Last Modified: Saturday April 12 2003 © 2000-2004 TeacherWeb, Inc.

7. The Darwin Correspondence Online Database Click here for a list of database entries referring to Englishmathematicians. See the following related terms name. http://darwin.lib.cam.ac.uk/perl/nav?class=name&term=English mathematicians

8. The Darwin Correspondence Online Database Some short biographies (41). Isaac Barrow (16301677) was an English mathematician. (55).Roger Cotes (1682-1716) was an English mathematician and astronomer. http://darwin.lib.cam.ac.uk/perl/nav?class=name&term=English mathematicians&dmod

9. Mathematical Symbols This symbol for pi was used by the early english mathematicians William Oughtred(1574 1660), Isaac Barrow (1630-1677), and David Gregory (1661-1701) to http://www.roma.unisa.edu.au/07305/symbols.htm

The History of Mathematical Symbols By Douglas Weaver Mathematics Coordinator, Taperoo High School with the assistance of Anthony D. Smith Computing Studies teacher, Taperoo High School. Introduction On the topic of mathematical symbols..... "Every meaningful mathematical statement can also be expressed in plain language. Many plain-language statements of mathematical expressions would fill several pages, while to express them in mathematical notation might take as little as one line. One of the ways to achieve this remarkable compression is to use symbols to stand for statements, instructions and so on." Lancelot Hogben Index The factorial symbol n! The symbols for similar and congruent The symbols for angle and right angle The symbol pi ... APPENDIX - Personalities select here to return to the HoM home page The factorial symbol n! The symbol n!, called factorial n, was introduced in 1808 by Christian Kramp of Strassbourg, who chose it so as to circumvent printing difficulties incurred by the previously used symbol thus illustrated on the right. (Eves p132) The symbol n! for "factorial n", now universally used in algebra, is due to Christian Kramp (1760-1826) of Strassburg, who used it in 1808. (Cajori p341)

10. Elliott theory which had been developed on the Continent of Europe, but he presented it ina style which was more familiar to english mathematicians familiar with the http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Elliott.html

11. Read This: A Discourse Concerning Algebra how William Oughtred s poorly written Clavis (1630) could become the requisiteintroduction to algebra for a whole generation of english mathematicians. http://www.maa.org/reviews/discoursealgebra.html

Search MAA Online MAA Home Read This! The MAA Online book review column A Discourse Concerning Algebra: English Algebra to 1685 by Jacqueline Stedall Reviewed by Eisso Atzema History has not been kind to John Wallis' early attempt at writing a history of algebra up to his time. Starting with Montucla, most historians of mathematics have been rather dismissive about the value of the various editions of his Treatise of Algebra . Truth be told, parts of the work are just plain bad writing and at times he is so focussed on the cause of the English that he loses all objectivity. Yet much of the criticism regarding the Treatise dates from long after Wallis' death and, until recently, few have sought to appreciate the book in the context of Wallis' work and the state of mathematics during his lifetime. It is exactly this that Stedall sets out to do in the book under review here and the results of her findings make for a riveting read. As Stedall makes abundantly clear, it is hard to see how to appreciate or even understand Wallis' historical work without an intimate knowledge of the state of algebra and the networks among those dedicated to its furtherance in England during the first three quarts of the seventeenth century. To understand Wallis' work, one has to consider the pitiful state of the study of algebra in early seventeenth-century England and the dearth of homegrown textbooks. One has to discuss how William Oughtred's poorly written Clavis (1630) could become the requisite introduction to algebra for a whole generation of English mathematicians. Stedall takes up all of these strands and weaves them together with a firm hand to form the backdrop to Wallis'

12. Devlin's Angle: Dear New Student Leaving for a moment the english mathematicians of the first half of the eighteenthcentury, we come next to a number of continental writers who barely escape http://www.maa.org/devlin/devlin_nov96.html

Search MAA Online MAA Home Devlin's Angle November 1996 Spreading the word In a splendid article in September's Math Horizons , William Dunham celebrated the three-hundred year anniversary of the appearance of the world's first calculus textbook. That's right, the first calculus text hit the shelves in 1696. They have been growing steadily in size (if not mathematical content) ever since. That first genre setting volume was Guillaume Francois Antoine de l'Hospital's Analysis of the Infinitely Small. Written for the mathematical community, l'Hospital's book contained no problem sets, no color-highlighted definitions, and no full-color photographs, diagrams, and illustrations. But as Dunham points out, it was a calculus textbook, designed to "spread the word" about the then new techniques of the differential calculus. Invented (or, if you prefer, discovered) just a few years earlier by Isaac Newton and later Gottfried Leibniz, a great deal of the early development work in calculus had been done by the Bernoulli brothers, Jakob and Johann. (Among the early uses to which the calculus was put was Johann Bernoulli's discovery of the catenary curve, the shape assumed by a chain suspended between two supports.) In fact, until the appearance of l'Hospital's book, Newton, Leibniz, and the two Bernoullis were pretty well the only people on the face of the earth who knew much about calculus. Born in 1661, l'Hospital was a French nobleman of fairly minor rank who developed a keen interest in mathematics at an early age. He met Johann Bernoulli in 1691, shortly after the latter had made his discovery of the catenary. Eager to learn about this marvellous new technique calculus, l'Hospital hired Bernoulli to teach him.

13. History Of Discoveries - Society Interested In Geographical Discovery, Voyages O One underlying theme stressed by the english mathematicians was the emphasison direct observation and experience, such as that of the explorers, over http://www.sochistdisc.org/2003_book_reviews/alexander.htm

Alexander, Amir R. Geometrical Landscapes: The Voyages of Discovery and the Transformation of Mathematical Practice . Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2002. 293 pp. ISBN 0804732604. Although the book is written by a philosophical mathematician and primarily aimed at academic mathematicians, there is much within its scope of interest to the student of early exploration and the cartography resulting from this exploration. The author reviews and ties the advances in fifteenth- and sixteenth-century mathematical theorems to the advances in knowledge of world geography resulting from explorations of the Columbian era. The book, true to its sub-title, covers selected early voyages of discovery and in a highly readable manner shows how these voyages brought about the transformation and advance of mathematical practice. Its value to the historian lies in the fact that the converse of this theme is also covered, to show how the advances in mathematics in the sixteenth century had a significant effect on exploration and the development of accurate cartography resulting from these explorations. The book treats this relationship between the advances in mathematics and the ocean navigation of early explorers chronologically from Columbus’s voyage in 1492 to the voyages of the late seventeenth century. Chapter 1 investigates the origin of the exploration narrative. Alexander discusses how the role of early cartography was similar to the exploration narrative in that it not only presented an accurate geographical description of the new land and its peoples, but was also intended to encourage follow-on exploration and settlement. In pursuing the latter idea, Alexander cites as examples the often-romanticized illuminations on cartography resulting from the Mediterranean voyages of the Christian Crusades to the voyages of Columbus, Cortés, Verrazano, and Raleigh.

14. Book Review The American Historical Review, 104.5 The Only a generation later did english mathematicians pick up (and expand upon) Cardano sforays into more daring areas such as negative and imaginary numbers http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ahr/104.5/br_138.html

You have not been recognized as a subscriber to the AHR online. About 183 words from this article are provided below; about 552 words remain. If you are a individual member of the American Historical Association, you may: login here if you have already registered for online access. Set up your online account for the first time. AHA members can go to the AHA individual membership section to locate their member numbers. If you are not a member of the American Historical Association, you can: Join the AHA and receive many member benefits including print and electronic issues of the American Historical Review. Purchase a research pass to gain two hour access to the entire History Cooperative web site. You will have full access to current issues of the American Historical Review (104.3-present). Note: the Research Pass does not provide access to JSTOR's holdings of the American Historical Review. Instititutions can: Subscribe to this journal and receive print and electronic issues. Activate your existing subscription so that we recognize your IP number ranges. Book Review Europe: Early Modern and Modern Helena M. Pycior

15. Pagina Nueva 1 Famous mathematicians. Mathematics School UCV http://euler.ciens.ucv.ve/English/mathematics

Esta página usa marcos, pero su explorador no los admite.

16. Astrotale - Why An Argument Between Two Great Mathematicians Kept The English Fr WHY AN ARGUMENT BETWEEN TWO GREAT mathematicians KEPT THE english FROM UNDERSTANDING AND UTILIZING CALCULUS FOR a battle between the 2 mathematicians that made them both look like http://www.wpo.net/astrotales/newton2.html

W HY AN A RGUMENT B ETWEEN T WO G REAT M ATHEMATICIANS K EPT THE E NGLISH F ROM U NDERSTANDING AND U TILIZING C ALCULUS FOR T WO D ECADES T he argument began with Newton discovering calculus at least 3 years before Leibniz independently developed it. Because Newton was loathe to publish his works (he hated disputes and disagreements), Newton's papers appeared after Leibniz. Newton's distaste for argument did not prevent him from claiming priority over Leibniz and so ensued a battle between the 2 mathematicians that made them both look like fools in front of their peers. Because Newton's explication of calculus was much more difficult to understand, Englishmen loyal to Newton as an English mathematician caused calculus to be restricted to only those who could understand Newton's notations and methods. In our last Newton episode we'll find out why Newton invented the reflecting telescope and probably died of mercury poisoning. MORE Astrotales.... Equivalence and Priority Newton Versus Leibniz - Including Leibniz's Unpublished Manuscripts on the Principia Learn more about Newton. Click the book cover above, or

17. British Contemporaries Of Newton, Taylor, Maclaurin And Simpson Subsequently he joined the Royal Society, and became intimately connectedwith Newton, Halley, and other mathematicians of the english school. http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/18thCentury/RouseBall/RB_Engl18C.htm

British Contemporaries of Newton, Taylor, Maclaurin and Simpson From `A Short Account of the History of Mathematics' (4th edition, 1908) by W. W. Rouse Ball. David Gregory Halley Ditton Cotes ... Stewart It was almost a matter of course that the English should at first have adopted the notation of Newton in the infinitesimal calculus in preference to that of Leibnitz and consequently the English school would in any case have developed on somewhat different lines to that on the continent, where a knowledge of the infinitesimal calculus was derived solely from Leibnitz and the Bernoullis. But this separation into two distinct schools became very marked owing to the action of Leibnitz and John Bernoulli, which was naturally resented by Newton's friends; and so for forty or fifty years, to the disadvantage of both sides, the quarrel raged. The leading members of the English school were Cotes Demoivre Ditton David Gregory Halley Maclaurin Simpson , and Taylor . I may, however, again remind my readers that as we approach modern times the number of capable mathematicians in Britain, France, Germany and Italy becomes very considerable, but that in a popular sketch like this book it is only the leading men whom I propose to mention. To David Gregory, Halley and Ditton I need devote but few words.

18. Math-Net Welcome Page Preprints, links, directories. Oriented towards German mathematics but in english. http://www.math-net.de/

International Mathematical Union (IMU) News Last Update: April, 28, 2004 Imprint

19. Sir Christopher Wren (1632-1723) Biography of the great english architect responsible for St Paul's Cathedral, from the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive at the University of St Andrews. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Wren.html

20. IUM: The Page Has Moved! Founded in 1991 on the initiative of a group of wellknown Russian mathematicians. http://www.mccme.ru/english/ium/

This page has moved! Click here

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