81. Pi And The Bible look at the Bible verses noted (II Chronicles 425 and I Kings 723-26), one willarrive at a ratio that is startlingly close to the real value of pi (3.14159 http://david.tribble.com/text/biblepi.htm

28 April 1991 Pi and the Bible Some mathematical comments are in order to add to the discussion of pi. One fact that is overlooked in discussions of this sort is that the wall of the "sea" (bowl) was "one handbreadth" in thickness (I'm assuming that a handbreadth is about four inches and a cubit is about 18 inches, but more on this later). Taking the thickness of the walls into account, and assuming that the 10 cubit diameter was measured from the outside edge and that the 30 cubit circumference was measured along the inside edge, we compute pi thus: C i = 30 cubits inside circumference = 540 inches D o = 10 cubits outside diameter = 180 inches T = 4 inches wall thickness given the following relationships: C i i D i = D o and substituting, we get: C i o i pi' = described value of pi D o The difference between the described value of pi (pi') and the actual value of pi is: This means that, given the assumptions above, the Biblical description of pi differs from the real value of pi by less than a fifteenth of a percent, or a measuring error of about a third of an inch. Not bad for measurements done by hand. This also agrees with the description of a "circular" bowl and not some other shape (such as a hexagon) that some scholars have postulated. Now about that assumption I mentioned ealier. Although ancient standards of measure vary widely, a cubit is generally taken to be about 18 inches, although there are different types of cubits ("common" and "royal", varying from 17 to 22 inches). A handbreadth is taken to be about 3 inches, sometimes being defined as one-sixth of a cubit. However, if we assume that the Biblical account uses measurements rounded off to the nearest whole number (something the Hebrews did a lot), we can read "one handbreadth" as "one handbreadth, give or take a bit," making it completely reasonable to use a value of four inches. It is also reasonable for us to measure along the inside as well as the outside edges, since the verses don't explain how the measuring was done.

82. The Pi-Mystery The rough value of pi can be obtained through simple experiments. Somescientist are arguing, that the value of pi is pure coincidence. http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/FDoernenburg/pi1.htm

The Pi-Mystery Pi like Piramids Long before anyone had expressed the suspicion that Atlanteans or Aliens had built the pyramids, they were believed to be signs from God. Early christian and islamic historians believed, that they were stores, built to survive the Flood. In the 19'th century some discoveries seemed to strengthen the point, that the building of the monuments was influenced by some higher being. This lead directly to the so called "Pyramid Mathematics" or Numerology. Many people believe, that the mysterious connections found are a sure sign of a greater plan in these monuments. The most famous sign is undoubtedly the mysterious Pi, built into the very fabric of the greatest monument of mankind, the Cheops-pyramid. What is Pi, and how it can be found in the Pyramid? Pi in itself is not a mysterious or even magical construct. Pi is simply the value you have to multiply the diameter of a circle with to get its circumference. The rough value of Pi can be obtained through simple experiments. You take a wheel of 1 meter diameter, roll it on the ground for a complete revolution and measure then the distance it has gone on the ground. No secret, it will be something around 3.14 meters. Or you can wrap a rope around a wheel and measure its length. The old Egyptians simply used 3 as a multiplicator, this is precise enough for every-day applications. Much later, hundreds of years after the building of the pyramids, they used 3 + 1/7. The real secret: Pi is an irrational number with indefinite decimals, and it can be

83. ARCHIMEDES POLYGON METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE VALUE OF Pi ARCHIMEDES POLYGON METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE value of pi If a person does notkeep pace with their companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different http://lhs.lexingtonma.org/Teachers/Trainor/pi/pi.htm

ARCHIMEDES' POLYGON METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE VALUE OF Pi "If a person does not keep pace with their companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer" Henry David Thoreau ARCHIMEDES OF SYRACUSE (Born 287 B.C. - 212 B.C.) "Give me but one firm spot on which to stand, and I will move the earth." Archimedes of Syracuse (ca. 287-212 B.C.) was an ingenious mathematician, physicist, engineer and inventor. He was the first to develop a method for calculating Pi to a useful degree of accuracy. Pi is equal to the circumference (C) of a given circle divided by the diameter (D) of the circle (Pi = C/D). The diameter is a straight line and consequently easy to measure, but the circumference is a curved line therefore, it's measure could only be poorly estimated. Archimedes solved the curved line measuring problem by first constructing an inscribed regular polygon within the a given circle and adding up the measure of the sides (the perimeter). He clearly understood the perimeter's (P) measure would be less than the circle's circumference. Therefore, he constructed a second regular polygon circumscribed on the outside of the circle. This polygon's perimeter measure would be greater than the circle's circumference. He then substituted the average of the two polygon's perimeters as the circle's circumference "C". His equation was Pi = (polygon's perimeter didvided by polygon's diameter) or =P/D. He measured the diameter "D" of his constructed circle. Using a 96 sided regular polygon, his calculations for Pi using the formula, Pi = C/D produced the following results:

84. Untitled Document (i) What is the value of pi and how was it first determined? (i) Explain thevalue of pi conceptually. Do not just state a numerical approximation. http://www.csulb.edu/~aelizald/designelizalde/webquests/geometry/pi/pi.htm

PI WEBQUEST CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION - WHY PI? TASK - YOUR PI WEBQUEST ROLE PROCESS - DISCOVERING THE 'VALUE' OF PI EVALUATION - PI PARAGRAPHS ... TEACHER PAGE - PI IN YOUR CLASSROOM (1) INTRODUCTION - WHY PI? (a) Consider the following typical dialogue between a teacher and student: Teacher: The area of a circle is equal to "pi-r-squared". Student: Why? Teacher: Good question. I'll get back to you on that in a second. ...The circumference of a circle is equal to "pi-d". Student: What value should we use for pi? Teacher: Use 3.14 if you are working with decimals or 22/7 if you are working with fractions. Don't use the button on your calculator because you might get a different answer. Student: Why would I get a different answer? Teacher: Because your calculator does not use 3.14. Instead it uses a longer number. Student: If we can get so many different answers, then what good are the formulas? (b) Confused? Good, that was the point. This webquest is designed to alleviate some of the confusion surrounding pi and the area and circumference formulas. When you complete this webquest you will be able to answer the following questions: (i) What is the value of pi and how was it first determined?

85. From Stuart A. Lyster Lyster@istar.ca Subject Pi In Indiana sci.math Date Wed, 05 Nov 1997 122636 GMT Given all the talk in the newsgrouplately about the Indiana Stae Legislature and the value of pi, perhaps a re http://www.math.niu.edu/~rusin/known-math/97/pi.bill

From: "Stuart A. Lyster" Subject: Pi in Indiana - pi=3.2 Newsgroups: sci.math Message-ID:

86. Include Stdio.h Include Math.h Include Mpi.h Define define DEBUG 0 /*This is a parallel program to compute the value of pi to a http://www.sci.hkbu.edu.hk/tdgc/tutorial/example/helloworld/pi.c

#include #include #include #define ABSOLUTE(A) (((A)

87. Pi History A history of pi. for the great temple of Solomon, built around 950 BC and its interesthere is that it gives p = 3. Not a very accurate value of course and not http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Pi_through_the_ages.html

A history of Pi A chronology of Pi History Topics Index A little known verse of the Bible reads And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the one brim to the other: it was round all about, and his height was five cubits: and a line of thirty cubits did compass it about. (I Kings 7, 23) The same verse can be found in II Chronicles 4, 2. It occurs in a list of specifications for the great temple of Solomon, built around 950 BC and its interest here is that it gives p = 3. Not a very accurate value of course and not even very accurate in its day, for the Egyptian and Mesopotamian values of = 3.125 and 10 = 3.162 have been traced to much earlier dates: though in defence of Solomon's craftsmen it should be noted that the item being described seems to have been a very large brass casting, where a high degree of geometrical precision is neither possible nor necessary. There are some interpretations of this which lead to a much better value. The fact that the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle is constant has been known for so long that it is quite untraceable. The earliest values of p including the 'Biblical' value of 3, were almost certainly found by measurement. In the Egyptian

88. ThinkQuest : Library : 3.14ever by Kristina FisherRoberts The Solomon Society is a traditional values group thatbelieve the Bible has a different value for pi than the traditional value. http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0213924/religous.html

Index Math The website 3.14ever is devoted to the teaching of Pi and Pi history. Visit Site 2002 ThinkQuest USA Want to build a ThinkQuest site? The ThinkQuest site above is one of thousands of educational web sites built by students from around the world. Click here to learn how you can build a ThinkQuest site. Privacy Policy

89. Is The Bible Wrong About Pi? zipfile. Get a strippeddown copy of this page. pi Gets In Your EyeDoes the Bible Give a Wrong value for pi? James Patrick Holding. 1 http://www.tektonics.org/piwrong.html

Apologetics Ministries Apologetics Encyclopedia of Bible Verses get your answers here! Look up by person's name, Scripture cite, or keyword search] What's New! Book Reviews and Bookstore Donate to the Ministry Challenge to Critics ... Why Critics of the Bible Do Not Deserve Benefit of the Doubt Search What Letter? A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U-V W XYZ What Bible Book? Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Joshua Judges Ruth 1 Samuel 2 Samuel 1 Kings 2 Kings 1 Chronicles 2 Chronicles Ezra-Nehemiah Esther-Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes-Song Isaiah Jeremiah-Lam. Ezekiel Daniel Hosea-Joel Amos-Obadiah Jonah-Micah Nahum-Habakkuk Zephaniah-Haggai Zachariah-Malachi Matthew Mark Luke-Acts John Romans Galatians Colossians Pastorals/Philemon Hebrews James 1 and 2 Peter 1, 2, 3 John, Jude Revelation Support Us Cross Daily.com Awesome Christian Sites Click Here ... Print out flyers for your church or school. Get the entire Tekton site on CD or zipfile . Get a stripped-down copy of this page.

90. A Piece Of Pi We certainly don t want to compromise pi!) The value 3.14159 was definedin 1998 by the Alabama legislature as the official state value for pi. http://www.csgnetwork.com/piinfo.html

A Piece Of Pi Pi, which is denoted by the Greek letter ( ), is the most famous ratio in mathematics, and is one of the most ancient numbers known to humanity. PI is approximately 3.14, by definition, the number of times that a circle's diameter will fit around the circle. PI goes on forever, and can't be calculated to perfect precision. On our site and in all of our calculators, 3.14159 is the value we use, unless otherwise specified. (You can also calculate it yourself using our PI Calculator . Dividing the PI(e) has always been a problem but sometimes multiplying with it is also. You can do either here PI power is also available.) The only exception is the expatiated calculation below. (I didn't have much to do last night and TV was terrible - the only thing on was the 8,534,565th repeat of Hawaii 50 (divided by PI), so I calculated PI to 10,000 places on my 1959, still working, easy on the eye yellow, NASA issue, Pickett slide rule . I was going to try for a million but the slide was a little dirty and I felt accuracy MIGHT be compromised... We certainly don't want to compromise PI!) The value 3.14159 was defined in 1998 by the Alabama legislature as the official state value for PI. (I'll bet you didn't know that you needed a state value for PI. Of course, they also said that PI are round and cornbread are squared... They would have been better served to say that PI was to personal taste.) This infinite calculation phenomena is known as the decimal expansion of PI. No apparent pattern emerges in the extreme succession of digits; a predestined yet unfathomable code. They do not repeat periodically, but seemingly do pop up repeating a few sequences by blind chance, (lacking any perceivable order, rule, reason, or design). In 1991, the Chudnovsky brothers in New York, using their computer

91. A Piece Of Pi Archimedes was the first mathematician to compute an approximate value for pi.Previous values had been based on physical measurements of limited accuracy. http://efgh.com/math/pi.htm

A Piece of Pi Philip J. Erdelsky July 26, 2001 Please e-mail comments, corrections and additions to the webmaster at pje@acm.org Mathematics contains many interesting transcendental constants, but only one of them was known to the ancients. It is pi, the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle. Archimedes was the first mathematician to compute an approximate value for pi. Previous values had been based on physical measurements of limited accuracy. We will use Archimedes' method to compute an approximate value of pi, using only mathematics known to Archimedes. However, we will be doing our computations on a computer, and we will get a much more accurate value than he did. The ancients didn't have a very good theory of limits; neither do most non-mathematicians. But some things are fairly obvious. A regular polygon with many sides is approximately a circle. Its perimeter is approximately the circumference of the circle, and its area is approximately the area of the circle. The more sides the polygon has, the more accurate the approximation. If the polygon has enough sides, any desired degree of accuracy can be obtained. To find an approximate value for pi, we will inscribe regular polygons in a circle of radius 1. The perimeters of the polygons can be computed in some cases, using nothing more advanced than the Pythagorean theorem, which was known to Archimedes. In particular, if we know the length of each side of the regular polygon with n sides, we can compute the length of each side of the regular polygon with 2n sides.

92. Pi From The Vedas : Value And Calculation the diameter of a circle.. and how on earth does one compute the valueof pi to 30+ places? The tragedy is that such masterpieces http://www.pa.uky.edu/~ameya/pi.html

Ancient Sanskrit scholars "hid" many things behind normal shlokas. One key to uncover the hidden meaning goes like: kaadinava Taadinava paadipanchakam yaadyashhtakah kshha shunyam According to this "key", the alphabets are given values as (the sequence of Sanskrit alphabets): k kha ga gha cha chhha ja jha jyan Ta Tha Da Dha Na ta tha da dha pa pha ba bha ma ya ra la va sha shha sa ha Vowels, gya and kshha have a value of zero. Now, apply this key to the following shloka: go pi bhaag ya ma dhuv raa ta shrin gi shoda dhi san dhi ga kha laa jee vi ta khaa taa va ga la haa taa ra san dhara What one obtains is the value of p correct to 31 places after the decimal point This is taken from the page of Ramesh Raskar : http://www.cs.unc.edu/~raskar/ My additions : This shloka (verse), at first read describes the Gods Vishnu and Shiva, separately. Nobody would even think it had this third interpretation ... IT ALSO HAS A FOURTH ONE (cf. Vedic Mathematics) It also contains a generating formula for obtaining even higher decimal places !!!!! Well, no idea how that works, but do we have reason to not believe it ?!?

93. THE HOLY BIBLE KNEW ABOUT THE CORRECT VALUE FOR PI LONG BEFORE THE HOLY BIBLE KNEW ABOUT THE CORRECT value FOR pi LONG BEFORE VIETEof 1593 AD DID! by Don Hewey, email donhewey@konline.com http://www.1john57.com/1kings723.htm

THE HOLY BIBLE KNEW ABOUT THE CORRECT VALUE FOR PI LONG BEFORE VIETE of 1593 A.D. DID! by Don Hewey, email: donhewey@k-online.com main index NOTE : This outline will clearly illustrate the "inside" circumference of the molten sea (solid brass tub) which is the non-brimmed portion of the molten sea. The confusion over 1 Kings 7:23 is that the reader automatically assumes that the thirty cubits stated in verse 23 is the corresponding circumference of the outer uttermost brimmed edge. It is not. For a complete discussion on the outer portion of the molten sea, please refer to this link here that gives the proof. outer circumference proof . The exact physical represention as it is written in verse 23 is physically impossible as one should immediately become suspicious of. But with further examination of this outline and also the "yfiles" link, the bible not only proves PI once, but twice! Amazing. Please refer to the molten sea diagram representation half way down this page for an illustration to this problem. "1 Kings 7:[23] And he made a molten sea, ten

94. Lab # 6 Physical Measurement And Uncertainty measurements for a number of aluminum disks, estimate the uncertainty of yourmeasurements, and use your data to determine an experimental value for pi. http://www.phy.ilstu.edu/~zich/phy117/fall2001/Lab6.html

Lab # 6 Physical Measurement and Uncertainty Now that you know all about the nature of physical measurements and the uncertainties associated with them, it's time to practice those skills in a hands-on fashion. Although the measurements you will make are fairly simple, the concepts and especially the computational and presentation skills are applicable to almost any other measurement problem you may encounter. You should recall that the distance around the perimeter of a circle (called the circumference) is directly proportional to the diameter of the circle. The constant of proportionality is pi, of course, and we write mathematically C = pi*D, where C is the circumference and D is the diameter. You will make diameter and circumference measurements for a number of aluminum disks, estimate the uncertainty of your measurements, and use your data to determine an experimental value for pi. You can then compare that value to the accepted value, pi = 3.14159..... . (Pi is an irrational number, which means that it can't be expressed as the ratio of two whole numbers, and one consequence of this is that its digits continue forever without repeating any pattern.) Procedure 1. Measure the diameter and circumference of each disk in cm

95. Bertelsen's Number In Oystein Ore s book Number Theory and Its History (1st Dover edition,1988) the table on page 77 gives the old value pi(10^9) = 50,847,478. http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath049.htm

Bertelsen's Number Return to MathPages Main Menu

96. Funworld/fun4you: Pi R Square? we should be open to all interpretations. She looks forward to the day when studentswill have the freedom to decide for themselves what value pi should have. http://www.hehe.at/funworld/archive/fun4you.php?joke=540

97. L2L: Pi, Anyone? - Branching Out mathematics forever. In this lesson students analyze the dimensions ofcircles and calculate a value for pi. Students also investigate http://205.146.39.13/success/lessons/Lesson10/HMAi1_L.HTM

Classroom Activities Pi, Anyone? Grade Level: HIGH SCHOOL Imagine an ancient Greek mathematician contemplating a circle and trying to discover the relationships among its parts. One calculation after another yields nothing of note. Then one day, the mathematician divides the circle's circumference by its diameter and comes up with a seemingly insignificant approximation, 3. But when the mathematician and others measured the same relationship in other circles, they came up with the same figure! In about 300 b. c., Greek mathematician and scientist Archimedes refined the figure to 3.14. Mathematicians named this constant, pi. Pi turns out to be a momentous discovery that changed mathematics forever. In this lesson students analyze the dimensions of circles and calculate a value for pi. Students also investigate pi as it concerns other mathematical relationships. Learning Goals Analyze mathematical relationships of a circle and derive a value for pi. Investigate and identify other mathematical relationships involving pi.

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99. Gabelli Home Page Offers a variety of value, growth and specialized equity funds, as well as fixedincome and closed-end convertible and equity funds. http://www.gabelli.com/

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100. Runkel Value Fund Domestic equity mutual fund using a value investment approach. http://www.runkelvaluefund.com

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