61. Virus: Virus: Re: The Value Of Pi virus Re The value of pi. Hakeeb A. Nandalal (nanco@trinidad.net) Fri, 01 Nov1996 052649 +0000 message Hakeeb A. Nandalal virus Re The value of pi ; http://www.lucifer.com/virus/virus.96/2190.html

virus: Re: The value of Pi Hakeeb A. Nandalal ( nanco@trinidad.net Fri, 01 Nov 1996 05:26:49 +0000 Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next message: Hakeeb A. Nandalal: "virus: Re: The Value of Pi" Previous message: Tadeusz Niwinski: "Re: virus: RE: Why have children?" Tadeusz Niwinski wrote: Try :- PI = ATAN(1)*4.0 Declare PI a Double Double Precision Variable. This might only get you between 64 and 128 sig. figures but since a computer chip can't handle more than that - why bother? BTW do you know the difference between "accuracy" and "precision"? * Hakeeb A. Nandalal "What does God want * * nanco@trinidad.net with a spaceship?" * Next message: Hakeeb A. Nandalal: "virus: Re: The Value of Pi" Previous message: Tadeusz Niwinski: "Re: virus: RE: Why have children?"

62. Virus: Virus: Re: The Value Of Pi virus Re The value of pi. Hakeeb Utility. ; Previous message HakeebA. Nandalal virus Re The value of pi . Tadeusz Niwinski wrote http://www.lucifer.com/virus/virus.96/2191.html

virus: Re: The Value of Pi Hakeeb A. Nandalal ( nanco@trinidad.net Fri, 01 Nov 1996 05:53:05 +0000 Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next message: David Leeper: "Re: virus: Level Three-Belief and Utility." Previous message: Hakeeb A. Nandalal: "virus: Re: The value of Pi" Tadeusz Niwinski wrote: OK, if you insist :- http://www.ais.org/duck/pi.html Have fun. * Hakeeb A. Nandalal "What does God want * * nanco@trinidad.net with a spaceship?" * Next message: David Leeper: "Re: virus: Level Three-Belief and Utility." Previous message: Hakeeb A. Nandalal: "virus: Re: The value of Pi"

63. Creation Scientists Prove That Circles Are Of Satan and left to Satan. Using this scientifically accepted method, Landover Baptistresearchers have conclusively verified that the correct value of pi is indeed http://www.bettybowers.com/newspi.html

Creation Scientists Prove: Circles are of Satan Anyone caught owning a circular object after Wednesday will be hauled before the Salvation Committee as a heretic In this historically accurate depiction, Lucifer hooks Eve on Pi=3.14 circles before getting God's morally frail female creation to mainline on pentagrams FREEHOLD, IOWA (AP). Landover Baptist Church has issued an edict prohibiting the possession of any circular object. Every so-called "circular" item (including coins except Canadian) owned by anyone in the Landover Baptist congregation is to be forcibly confiscated and deposited on the soccer field of Landover Baptist Christian Academy. Searches shall be conducted on Thursday and Friday of this week and any family found in possession of anything purportedly "round" will be summarily removed from their Christian home and publicly rebuked. Infractions will be considered serious and result in immediate expulsion from the church roster once tithes are brought current. The discovery that this once Godly Nation is full of Biblically incorrect circles was made last week in connection with the firing of five members of the mathematics department at Landover Baptist University.

64. Buffon's Needle Buffon s Needle. Buffon s Needle refers to a simple Monte Carlo method forthe estimation of the value of pi, 3.14159265 The idea is very simple. http://www.angelfire.com/wa/hurben/buff.html

Comments, questions, or feedback regarding this page and/or physics-related Java applets? Please E-mail me! Buffon's Needle Buffon's Needle refers to a simple Monte Carlo method for the estimation of the value of pi, 3.14159265... The idea is very simple. Suppose you have a tabletop with a number of parallel lines drawn on it, which are equally spaced (say the spacing is 1 inch, for example). Suppose you also have a pin or needle, which is also an inch long. If you drop the needle on the table, you will find that one of two things happens: (1) The needle crosses or touches one of the lines, or (2) the needle crosses no lines. The idea now is to keep dropping this needle over and over on the table, and to record the statistics. Namely, we want to keep track of both the total number of times that the needle is randomly dropped on the table (call this N), and the number of times that it crosses a line (call this C). If you keep dropping the needle, eventually you will find that the number 2N/C approaches the value of pi! Why does this work? It is not hard to show, with a little bit of calculus, that the probability on any given drop of the needle that it should cross a line is given by 2/pi. After many trials, the value of C/N, the number of crossing needles divided by the total number of needles, will approach the value of the probability.

65. Pi - Calculation (Pi is needed to compute the area of a circle or volume of a sphere.) The valueof pi was computed by He was thus able to calculate a value of pi of 3.14159. http://www.chinapage.org/math/s9/pi.html

Calculation of Pi The irrational number pi can be computed to an infinite number of decimal places. It expresses the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, a relationship which cannot be framed in terms of whole numbers. (Pi is needed to compute the area of a circle or volume of a sphere.) The value of pi was computed by Archimedes to three decimal places, and by Ptolemy to four decimal places. But after that, for 1450 years, no greater accuracy was achieved in the Western world. The Chinese, however, made great strides forward in computing pi. One way in which the ancient mathematicians tried to approach an accurate value for pi was to inscribe polygons with more and more sides to them inside circles, so that the areas of the polygons(which could be computed) would more and more closely approach the area of the circle. Thus, they could try to find a value for pi, since the circle's area was found by using the formula containing it. (They could measure the diameter, and squeeze a polygon whose area they knew into the circle; the only unknown number would be pi, which could then be calculated.) Archimedes used a 96-sided polygon, and decided that pi had a value between 3.142 and 3.140. The Chinese tried to sneak up on pi in the same fashion, but they were better at it. Liu Hui in the third century AD started by inscribing a polygon of 192 sides in a circle, and then went on to inscribe one of 3072 sides which 'squeezed' even closer. He was thus able to calculate a value of pi of 3.14159. At this point, the Chinese overtook the Greeks.

66. To Tell The Truth Story At Newfunny.com the Cosmos doesn’t always provide clear cut answers. Take for examplethe value of pi. Defined to be the ratio of a circle’s http://newfunny.com/archive/?id=113

67. How To Find The Value Of PI. The summary for this Thai page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://www.vcharkarn.com/snippets/vcafe/show_message.php?Pid=9122

68. The Everlasting Pi The Babylonians found the first known value for Pi in around 2000 BCE They used(25/8). Thus, according to the Rhind Papyrus, the value of pi is 3.16. http://www.freewebs.com/abishek/historyofpi.htm

69. There Never Was Any PI In The Bible had for a value for pi using the bowl body circumference and bowl body diameterpi = circ / dia = 600 / 191 = 3.14136 The actual value of pi goes on for http://home.teleport.com/~salad/4god/pi.htm

Proof PI is Not Given as 3.0 in the Bible Return Note: The above information was written by John P. Boatwright and is freely given. The information is simply my opinion based on how I perceive the content discussed. Anyone reading such should use their own judgement as to whether or not the information has any value to them. You may copy portions of the above opinions as long as a reference to this page is included and no text within said portion is altered. If copied to another medium other than the internet, include the entire text. The above content may change over time. Best wishes.

70. Adelga.com: Alabama Changes Value Of Pi Alabama Changes value of pi. Thursday, April 01 2004 @ 0821 AM EST.Contributed by Admin The April 1998 newsletter put out by New http://adelga.com/article.php?story=20040401082127140&mode=print

71. Pi In The Bible? So the author of this passage may not have known the exact value of pi, or thoughthis readers might not be aware that specifying the diameter of a circle http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/pseudosc/pibible.htm

Pi in the Bible? Steven Dutch, Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay First-time Visitors: Please visit . Use "Back" to return here. A Note to Visitors I will respond to questions and comments as time permits, but if you want to take issue with any position expressed here, you first have to answer this question: What evidence would it take to prove your beliefs wrong? I simply will not reply to challenges that do not address this question. Refutability is one of the classic determinants of whether a theory can be called scientific. Moreover, I have found it to be a great general-purpose cut-through-the-crap question to determine whether somebody is interested in serious intellectual inquiry or just playing mind games. Note, by the way, that I am assuming the burden of proof here - all you have to do is commit to a criterion for testing. It's easy to criticize science for being "closed-minded". Are you open-minded enough to consider whether your ideas might be wrong? One of the most famous mathematical statements in the Bible is in I Kings 7:23-26, describing a large cauldron, or "molten sea" in the Temple of Solomon:

72. Sci.math FAQ: Indiana Bill Sets Value Of Pi To 3 sci.math FAQ Indiana Bill sets value of pi to 3. 246, Indiana State Legislature,1897, reportedly set the value of pi to an incorrect rational approximation. http://www.uni-giessen.de/faq/archiv/sci-math-faq.indianabill/msg00000.html

Index sci.math FAQ: Indiana Bill sets value of Pi to 3 Subject : sci.math FAQ: Indiana Bill sets value of Pi to 3 From alopez-o@neumann.uwaterloo.ca (Alex Lopez-Ortiz) Date : 17 Feb 2000 22:52:00 GMT Newsgroups sci.math news.answers sci.answers Summary : Part 10 of 31, New version http://www.cs.unb.ca/~alopez-o Assistant Professor Faculty of Computer Science University of New Brunswick Index: Index sci-math-faq.indianabill

73. TRIVIA GAME Artihmetica and The Algebra. He invented the term interpolation andcreated a celebrated formula for determining the value of pi. http://www.ga.k12.pa.us/academics/MS/PiDay/trivia.htm

3.14 TRIVIA GAME 1. This remarkable Swiss mathematician and teacher was responsible for instituting the use of the symbol for pi in mathematical notation. 2. The Islamic scientist/mathematician AL-Khowarizmi is credited with coining the word. His book, written in 825 AD, demonstrated how to solve equations and became widely popular throughout the world. 3. This 17th century English mathematician wrote two famous books on mathematics: The Artihmetica and The Algebra. He invented the term interpolation and created a celebrated formula for determining the value of pi. 4. numerals are the most common system of number notation used in today’s world. 5. What extraordinary Indian mathematician created a formula to rapidly calculate the value of pi? He was fascinated with infinity. 6. What popular graphical artist uses mathematical principles such as mobius strips, knots,optical illusions and transformations in his work? 7. This 19th century French mathematician did very innovative work with equations and quadratic forms. He correspondended at length with other mathematicians and often contributed to their work. His work with transcendental numbers was the foundation for later proof of the transcendence of pi.

74. Tangent To PI to the search for the Ludolphine , namely, the recursive formula xn+1 = xn tan(xn) , pi/2 x0 3pi/2 which rapidly converges to the value of pi. http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath457.htm

Tangent to PI Machin's Merit Machin's Merit Return to MathPages Main Menu

75. PI Day (Week) Lesson Explain in your own words how the value for pi is found. 2. Pi is an irrational number. 4)What value of pi did the Egyptians obtain 2000 years before Christ? http://www.evsc.k12.in.us/schoolzone/schools/evans/piday.htm

Activity 1 - Read Sir Cumference and the Dragon of Pi. Stop at page 15 and do DISCOVERING PI ACTIVITY. After completing DISCOVERING PI, finish reading Sir Cumference and the Dragon of Pi Discovering Pi Using a tape measure (centimeter side), measure the circumference and diameter of 6 different objects. Measure to the nearest ½ centimeter. Record the object number, circumference, and diameter in the chart below. Then, write the ratio of the circumference to the diameter in the form of a fraction. Next, use a calculator to change the fraction into decimal form, rounding to the nearest thousandth. After doing this for all 6 objects, find the mean (average) of the 6 calculations. Lid # Circumference Diameter Circumference Circumference Diameter divided by Diameter Explain what pattern developed when you divide the circumference by the diameter? A commonly used approximate for pi is 3.14. How close is your average to pi Find the difference between your average and pi. Writing Prompts for Discovering Pi In mathematics, Pi is approximately 3.14159. Explain in your own words how the value for pi is found.

76. NOVA | Infinite Secrets | Approximating Pi | PBS polygon circumscribed outside a circle (which is greater than thecircumference). The value of pi lies between those two lengths. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/archimedes/pi.html

Approximating Pi Infinite Secrets homepage [an error occurred while processing this directive] The interactive version of this feature requires Flash, a free software plug-in. Install Flash , or go to the non-interactive version Contemplating Infinity Philosophically, the concept remains a mind-bender. Working with Infinity Mathematicians have become increasingly comfortable with the concept. Great Surviving Manuscripts Ancient documents offer a tantalizing glimpse of lost cultures. The Archimedes Palimpsest Follow the 1,000-year-long journey of the Archimedes manuscript. Approximating Pi See Archimedes' geometrical approach to estimating pi. Around 250 B.C., the Greek mathematician Archimedes calculated the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. A precise determination of pi, as we know this ratio today, had long been of interest to the ancient Greeks, who strove for precise mathematical proportions in their architecture, music, and other art forms. In Archimedes' day, close approximations of pi had been known for over 1,000 years. An Egyptian document dated to 1650 B.C., for example, gives a value of 4 (8/9) , or 3.1605. Archimedes' value, however, was not only more accurate, it was the first theoretical, rather than measured, calculation of pi.

77. NOVA Online | Teachers | Classroom Activity | Infinite Secrets | PBS Activity for the NOVA program Infinite Secrets In Archimedes Recipe for Pi,students duplicate the method Archimedes used to estimate the value of pi. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/teachers/activities/3010_archimed.html

Back to Teachers Home Infinite Secrets Classroom Activity Materials Procedure Activity Answer Standards ... Print this Teacher's Guide (PDF, 4 pages) Objective To duplicate the method Archimedes used to estimate the value of pi. copy of the "Archimedes' Recipe for Pi" student handout ( PDF or HTML paper pencil compass ruler calculator Tell students that they will be exploring Archimedes' method for estimating the value of pi, a mathematical constant that is the ratio of a circle's circumference (the distance around a circle) to its diameter (the distance across a circle through its center). The Greek symbol for pi is pi. Organize students into groups. Provide copies of the "Archimedes' Recipe for Pi" student handout and other materials to each group. Define some terms for students: perimeter, circumference, radius, diameter, and area. (See Activity Answer for more information.) Demonstrate how to draw polygons that are inscribed in a circle and circumscribed around a circle: Draw a circle on the blackboard. Use a ruler to draw four lines that divide the circle into eight equal parts, extending the lines beyond the boundary of the circle.

78. The Value Of Pi By Chuck Missler Print Article Close Window Personal Update Technical Bible Codes From PersonalUpdate. Hidden Codes in the Bible The value of pi by Chuck Missler. http://www.khouse.org/article.phtml?article_code=158

79. Pi_send.c * FILES Pi_send.c, Dboard.c, Make.pi.c * DESCRIPTION MPI_Status status; MPI_Request request; main(int argc, char **argv) { double homepi,/* value of pi calculated by current task */ pi, /* average of pi after http://www.cz3.nus.edu.sg/~yzchen/teach/cz3201/mpi4sub2.html

* pi_send.c * FILES: pi_send.c, dboard.c, make.pi.c * DESCRIPTION: MPI pi calculation example program. C Version. * This program calculates pi using a "dartboard" algorithm. See * Fox et al.(1988) Solving Problems on Concurrent Processors, vol.1 * page 207. All processes contribute to the calculation, with the * master averaging the values for pi. * SPMD version: Conditional statements check if the process * is the master or a worker. * This version uses low level sends and receives to collect results * AUTHOR: Roslyn Leibensperger * REVISED: 09/15/93 for latest API changes. BMB * 01/10/94 changed API to MPL. SMJP * 05/18/94 replaced blocking with non-blocking send. RYL * CONVERTED TO MPI: 11/12/94 by Xainneng Shen #include "mpi.h" double dboard (int darts); #define DARTS 5000 /* number of throws at dartboard */ #define ROUNDS 10 /* number of times "darts" is iterated */ #define MASTER /* task ID of master task */ MPI_Status status; MPI_Request request;

80. Mousing Around> in and circumscribed about a circle of known radius, with the circumferences (orareas) of the polygons giving lower and upper bounds for the value of pi. http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~smillie/APE/APE16.html

Mousing Around Keith Smillie 16. Pi In the previous column I mentioned the mathematical constant pi which may be defined as the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. Its value may be expressed as 3.14159... with the ellipsis indicating that the exact value cannot be given regardless of how many decimal places are used. The calculation of pi to any number of decimal places has fascinated mathematicians since antiquity, and more recently has consumed a considerable amount of computer time. The ancient Greeks approximated pi using a method in which polygons were inscribed in and circumscribed about a circle of known radius, with the circumferences (or areas) of the polygons giving lower and upper bounds for the value of pi. In the third century B.C. Archimedes using calculations based on a polygon with 96 sides showed that < pi which is correct to two decimal places. This method of computing pi became known as the classical method, and was used, at times with some refinements, until the 17th century. One of the last such calculations in 1621 used a polygon of 230 sides and gave pi to 35 decimal places. Beginning in the latter part of the 17th century methods involving infinite series were used to calculate the value of pi to more and more places of decimals. One of the simplest of these series expansions is

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