1. Mathematical Constants An indepth explanation of the most important math constants. http://pauillac.inria.fr/algo/bsolve/constant/constant.html

Mathematical Constants by Steven R. Finch Clay Mathematics Institute Book Fellow My website is smaller than it once was. Please visit again, however, since new materials will continue to appear occasionally. It's best to look ahead to the future and not to dwell on the past. * My book Mathematical Constants is now available for online purchase from Cambridge University Press (in the United Kingdom and in North America ). It is far more encompassing and detailed than my website ever was. It is also lovingly edited and beautifully produced - many thanks to Cambridge! - please support us in our publishing venture. Thank you. (If you wish, see the front cover and some reviews Here are errata and addenda to the book (last updated 5/25/2004), as well sample essays from the book about integer compositions optimal stopping and Reuleaux triangles . Here also are recent supplementary materials, organized by topic: Number Theory and Combinatorics Bipartite, k-colorable and k-colored graphs Transitive relations, topologies and partial orders Series-parallel networks Multiples and divisors ... Two asymptotic series (in progress) Shapes of binary trees Tauberian constants Integer partitions Planar graph growth constants Class number theory Inequalities and Approximation Hardy-Littlewood maximal inequalities Bessel function zeroes Nash's inequality Uncertainty inequalities Constant of interpolation Real and Complex Analysis Radii in geometric function theory Numerical radii of linear operators Probability and Stochastic Processes

2. Mathsoft: Mathsoft Constants Math Resources. math constants Essays. These essays are devoted to constants from Random Character of Fundamental Constant Expansions. Math Forum Internet Mathematics Library Page http://www.mathsoft.com/mathresources/constants

search site map about us  + news  + ... Unsolved Problems Mathsoft Constants Constants Overview Well-known Constants Number Theory Constants Analytic Inequalities ... Math Resources Math Constants Essays If you have questions about physical constants, please visit the National Institute of Standards and Technology webpage These mathematical essays have been written and revised over the past seven years by Steven Finch. We welcome suggestions and revisions to author@mathsoft.com More essays will be posted over the next few weeks on this new home for the constants. More Information Inverse Symbolic Calculator Numbers, Constants, and Computation Recognizing Numerical Constants What Is a Number? ... contact us

3. Boost Mailing List Archive -- RE: [boost] RE: Math Constant - Generic Function C RE boost RE math constant generic function circle_area example. Subject RE boost RE math constant - generic function circle_area example http://lists.boost.org/MailArchives/boost/msg42629.php

Boost Mailing List Archive Date Prev Date Next Thread Prev Thread Next ... Thread Index RE: [boost] RE: math constant - generic function circle_area example. To : "Boost mailing list" < Subject : RE: [boost] RE: math constant - generic function circle_area example. From : "Paul A. Bristow" < Date : Tue, 28 Jan 2003 11:16:51 -0000 Importance : Normal In-reply-to 030a01c2c650$79e48d20$6f319250@mshome.net Reply-to mailto:pabristow@genie.co.uk mailto:pbristow@hetp.u-net.com mailto:boost-bounces@lists.boost.org]On References Re: [boost] RE: math constant - generic function circle_area example. From: Joerg Walter Prev by Date: [boost] Re: is_base_and_derived question Next by Date: [boost] Re: is_convertible corner case Previous by thread: Re: [boost] RE: math constant - generic function circle_area example. Next by thread: RE: [boost] RE: math constant - generic function circle_area example. Index(es): Date Thread Boost list run by bdawes at acm.org, david.abrahams at rcn.com, gregod at cs.rpi.edu, cpdaniel at pacbell.net, john at johnmaddock.co.uk

4. Special Math Constants: Pi, E, Etc. Special math constants Pi, e, etc. All constants below are given to 100 decimal places. Archimedes Constant, =, 3. 14159 26535 http://www.physlink.com/Reference/MathConstants.cfm

Not a member yet? Get Free Membership Username: Password: Remember me Forgot your login? Ask the Experts Physics ... Become a Sponsor Special Math Constants: Pi, e, etc. All constants below are given to 100 decimal places - Archimedes' Constant For more information on this constant click here e - Natural Logarithmic Base e For more information on this constant click here - Euler's Constant For more information on this constant click here - Golden Ratio For more information on this constant click here Related Websites Favorite Mathematical Constants by Steve Finch The 3-j and ClebschGordan Coefficients Calculator Interactive calculator made by Ian Humphrey Related Books History of Pi by Peter Beckman The Joy of Pi by David Blatner e: The Story of a Number by Eli Maor Number by Midhat J. Gazale An Imaginary Tale by Paul J. Nahin go to the top Advertisement: '1995-'2004 PhysLink.com

5. Boost Mailing List Archive -- Re: [boost] Math Constants For Naive And Gurus? - The constructor is boostmathconstantconstant. The line to remove is constant() {} // Returns the ILT+260(boostmathconstant boost mathpi_tag double operator http://lists.boost.org/MailArchives/boost/msg18877.php

Boost Mailing List Archive Date Prev Date Next Thread Prev Thread Next ... Thread Index Re: [boost] Math constants for naive and gurus? - which constants do you want? To Subject : Re: [boost] Math constants for naive and gurus? - which constants do you want? From gcolvin@xxxx Date : Tue, 23 Oct 2001 10:16:44 -0600 References http://www.boost.org http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ References RE: [boost] Math constants for naive and gurus? - which constants do you want? From: Prev by Date: Re: [boost] Math constants for naive and gurus? - which constants do you want? Next by Date: RE: [boost] Math constants using templated functions - looks efficient? Prev by thread: RE: [boost] Math constants using templated functions - looks efficient? Next by thread: RE: [boost] Math constants for naive and gurus? - which constants do you want? Index(es): Date Thread Boost list run by bdawes at acm.org, david.abrahams at rcn.com, gregod at cs.rpi.edu, cpdaniel at pacbell.net, john at johnmaddock.co.uk

6. Boost Mailing List Archive -- [boost] RE: Math Constant - Generic Function Circl boost RE math constant generic function circle_area example. Previous by thread math constant formal review request (was boost Interval librarymerge); http://lists.boost.org/MailArchives/boost/msg42373.php

Boost Mailing List Archive Date Prev Date Next Thread Prev Thread Next ... Thread Index [boost] RE: math constant - generic function circle_area example. To : "Boost mailing list" < Subject : [boost] RE: math constant - generic function circle_area example. From : "Paul A. Bristow" < Date : Thu, 23 Jan 2003 00:24:06 -0000 Importance : Normal In-reply-to 03b401c2c263$a0030ae0$0101a8c0@mshome.net Reply-to mailto:pabristow@genie.co.uk mailto:pbristow@hetp.u-net.com #ifndef HPP_FUNCTION_CONSTANTS #define HPP_FUNCTION_CONSTANTS // Based on a post by Michael Kenniston: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/boost/message/14867 Follow-Ups Re: [boost] RE: math constant - generic function circle_area example. From: Joerg Walter References math constant formal review request (was: [boost] Interval librarymerge) From: Joerg Walter Prev by Date: [boost] Re: Equivalence Relation class Next by Date: [boost] Re: MPL usage for code generation Previous by thread: math constant formal review request (was: [boost] Interval librarymerge) Next by thread: Re: [boost] RE: math constant - generic function circle_area example.

7. Boost Mailing List Archive -- Math Constant Formal Review Request (was: [boost] math constant formal review request (was boost Interval librarymerge). Next by thread boost RE math constant generic function circle_area example. http://lists.boost.org/MailArchives/boost/msg42365.php

Boost Mailing List Archive Date Prev Date Next Thread Prev Thread Next ... Thread Index math constant formal review request (was: [boost] Interval librarymerge) To : "Boost mailing list" < Subject : math constant formal review request (was: [boost] Interval librarymerge) From (Joerg Walter) Date : Wed, 22 Jan 2003 23:14:25 +0100 References AHEJIHEOOOBMJPAGPLIPMEMADJAA.boost@hetp.u-net.com Reply-to Follow-Ups [boost] RE: math constant - generic function circle_area example. From: Paul A. Bristow References RE: [boost] Interval library merge From: Paul A. Bristow Prev by Date: Re: [boost] Re: Proposal for any_cast to references Next by Date: [boost] FAO Review Wizard ;Formal Review request: math constants Previous by thread: [boost] FAO Review Wizard ;Formal Review request: math constants Next by thread: [boost] RE: math constant - generic function circle_area example. Index(es): Date Thread Boost list run by bdawes at acm.org, david.abrahams at rcn.com, gregod at cs.rpi.edu, cpdaniel at pacbell.net, john at johnmaddock.co.uk

8. Spreadsheet, Pg. 8 -- Pi in a spreadsheet. Go to the index page for other spreadsheet techniques. Pi, 3.14159 , the math constant and Excel function, The http://www.mathnstuff.com/math/spoken/here/2class/cspred8.htm

MSH! Spreadsheet Pi, Pg. 8 Your Computer's Spreadsheet On this page learn how to: Use the constant pi, 3.14159... in a spreadsheet. Go to the index page for other spreadsheet techniques. Pi, 3.14159... , the math constant and Excel function The math constant pi fx Your choice. This page is brought to you by MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS, inc., publishers of MATH SPOKEN HERE! , ISBN: 0-9623593-5-1. You are hereby granted permission to make ONE printed copy of this page and its picture(s) for your PERSONAL and not-for-profit use. YOU MAY NOT MAKE ANY ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PAGE, ITS PICTURE(S), ITS SOUND CLIP(S), OR ITS ANIMATED GIFS WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM: classes@mathnstuff.com or by mail to the address below. MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS, inc. 85 First Street, Keyport, NJ 07735-1503 class@mathnstuff.com

9. The Science Page: CONSTANTS And CONVERSIONS units. Space/math constants and Equations for Calculations constants and equations dealing with many aspects of space science. http://sciencepage.org/constant.htm

CONSTANTS and CONVERSION FACTORS ... from the Science Page Astronomic Constants Index - a set of astronomic constants by John Q. Jacobs. Astronomical and Physical Constants - a listing of constants used in physics and astronomy. Astronomy Formulas Page - periodicity formulas, time formulas, illumination geometry and miscellaneous formulas. CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants - a very complete listing of the values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry. Common Weights and Measures - includes a listing of mathematical notation for orders of magnitude, common metric prefixes, and common U.S. and metric equivalents. Conversion Factors - this site gives the metric equivalent to many common units and provides conversion factors for quantities such as: area, force, length, mass, power, pressure, temperature, volume and many others. Conversion of Units - a very neat utility that allows you to enter a value in one unit and have it converted into another unit of your choosing. Cosmographic Values Index - a set of cosmographic values and modules, by John Q. Jacobs.

10. Constant Math Constant Math. Constant Math performs basic mathematical operations between the source data and a constant value within an area http://www.pixlock.de/Exbem/Exbem Help/Operators/Basics/Constant Math.html

Constant Math "Constant Math" performs basic mathematical operations between the source data and a constant value within an area and the specified color channel. This operation can be applied to a single or multiple color channels at the same time. In the case you want to choose more than one channel, you can press the "Shift" key while selecting or deselecting a channel. The following mathematical operations (modes) are available: "Set" replaces each pixel by the specified constant. "Add" adds the constant to the source. "Subtract" subtracts the constant from the source image. "Difference" calculates the absolute value of the difference between the constant and the source. "Multiply" multiplies the source by the constant. "Min" replaces each pixel value by the minimum of the constant and the source. "Max" replaces each pixel value by the maximum of the constant and the source. Some of the modes offer the option "...with Saturation". In this case the resulting pixel value is clipped at the maximum or minimum allowable value. However, in some cases it may be useful to disable clipping, e.g. in the case of operations in the "Hue" channel. As constant value you can specify a number with an integer and a fractional part. In the case of 8 bits pixel depth only the integer part is considered, and if you deal with 16 bits per channel, the fractional part is also considered. See also Operators Basics , and Attributes Exbem Help Index

11. Math Links Amusements Nick s Mathematical Recreations Postcard Chess Solitaire Chess Plane Math Fun Exercises Math Curiousities Math Magic Square math constants Tune Toys http://www.wtv-zone.com/Angelaruth49/MathLinks.html

Mathematical Links Assistance Tools Games People ... Contact Math Help Glossary Of Math Terms Glossary Of Statistical Terms Math Forum Science Math Archive ... Flashmaster Onllne Flashcards (Fee Based Product) Math Tools Math Tables Simple Calculator Scirus Science Search Engine Math Solvers ... Graph Paper Math Games and Amusements Nick's Mathematical Recreations Postcard Chess Solitaire Chess Plane Math Fun Exercises ... Number Recreations Mathematicians Jaime Escalante - Stand And Deliver Index of Mathematician's Biographies Mathematical Quotations server Archimedes And The Computation Of Pi ... Maria Gaetana Agnesi Math History Math History Directory British Math History Society's Resource Links Indian Geometry The History Of Trigonometry ... Major Math Mistakes In History Advanced Math Topics Vectors Hectar Parr's Essays On Infinity Computational Number Theory An Introduction To Fractals ... Famous Unsolved Science Problems Physics Topics Physics Search Todd's Quantum Mechanics Introduction Superstring Theory John Gribbon's Home Page ... Sunil Mukhl-Theoretical Phyicist Astrophysics and Cosmology Astronomical Image Library Solar System Simulator A New Planet Every Day Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam

12. TMTh:: Are The Digits Of Pi Random? In fact, not a single naturally occurring math constant has been proved normal in even one number base, to the chagrin of mathematicians. http://www.tmth.edu.gr/en/pages/pi.html

Home "Probably no symbol in mathematics has evoked as much mystery, romanticism, misconception and human interest as the number pi." William L. Schaaf, Nature and History of Pi Research has shown that: Pi, the ubiquitous number whose first few digits are 3.14159, is irrational, which means that its digits run on forever (by now they have been calculated to billions of places) and never repeat in a cyclical fashion. Numbers like pi are also thought to be "normal," which means that their digits are random in a certain statistical sense. These are the results of a research which were reported in the Summer 2001 issue of Experimental Mathematics. The research has been conducted by David H. Bailey (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), and his colleague Richard Crandall. Describing the normality property, Bailey explains that "in the familiar base 10 decimal number system, any single digit of a normal number occurs one tenth of the time, any two-digit combination occurs one one-hundredth of the time, and so on. It's like throwing a fair, ten-sided die forever and counting how often each side or combination of sides appears." Pi certainly seems to behave this way. In the first six billion decimal places of pi, each of the digits from through 9 shows up about six hundred million times. Yet such results, conceivably accidental, do not prove normality even in base 10, much less normality in other number bases.

13. LIII. Mathematical Functions ....... Predefined Constants. The constants below are always available as part of the PHP core. Table 1. math constants. Constant, Value, http://www.zend.com/manual/ref.math.php

Type in a PHP function name or feature to jump to that page of the online manual. Nothing to wear? Help us out by filling in a short survey, and win a CLEAN PHP5 T-shirt! PHP 5 PHP 5 Contest ... Search Note: A printable version of the manual in pdf format is available from php.net. abs LIII. Mathematical Functions Introduction integer and float types on your computer (this corresponds currently to the C types long resp. double). If you need to handle bigger numbers, take a look at the arbitrary precision math functions arithmetic operators Requirements No external libraries are needed to build this extension. Installation There is no installation needed to use these functions; they are part of the PHP core. Runtime Configuration This extension has no configuration directives defined in php.ini Resource Types This extension has no resource types defined. Predefined Constants Table 1. Math constants Constant Value Description Pi e log_2 e log_10 e pi/2 pi/4 1/pi 2/pi sqrt(pi) [4.0.2] 2/sqrt(pi) sqrt(2) sqrt(3) [4.0.2]

14. AVE IMPERATOR Limits In SWFActionScript math constants are represented by their double value. In other words every double value could be a combination of some math constant. http://www.ave-imperator.com/Limits/71

Imperator FLA Imperator FLA Limits Sunday, 06 June 2004 search... Main Menu Imperator FLA Features Limits Damaged FLAs ... Impressum Limits We tested more than 5000 different SWF-files and tried to cover all areas of design and functionality. The last 1000 went through without producing a program-freeze or –crash, but there is one general barrier that cannot be crossed. The FLA-Format covers only a part of all the things you are able to realize using the SWF-technology. There are a lot of third party products on the market exporting SWF-files and some of them use special features available only in the SWF-Format (like placing a Morph Shape at any ratio at any time on the stage or the more basic and flexible "SWF-ActionScript" which reveals a variety of functionalities "FLA-ActionScript" simply doesn’t have yet). The attempt to create a FLA from such a SWF will fail since it is impossible to recover elements or features that don’t exist in the year 2003 (and probably never will). If you have trouble recovering a FLA or the program crashes or freezes in process, please let us know. Send in the SWF-file and we will try to fix the problem – if feasible - as fast as possible. Depending on the dimensions of the problem, we will try to send you an update of IMPERATOR °FLA within hours.

15. Experimental Mathematics Website The Geometry Analysis Numerics Graphics (GANG) site http//www.gang.umass.edu; Xavier Gourdon and Pascal Sebah s site for famous math constants http//numbers http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/expmath/

Experimental Mathematics Website http://www.expmath.info This is a plot of all roots of polynomials with coefficients 1 or -1 up to degree 18. Coloration is by sensitivity of the polynomials to slight variation around the values of the zeros. The color scale represents a normalized sensitivity to the range of values; red is insensitive to violet which is strongly sensitive. The bands, quite clearly visible in the plot, are unexplained. Please send any comments or questions for this site to: zzzzzzzz@lbl.gov. This email address is coded to defeat spammers. To obtain the real address, replace the z's with "dhbailey". Site updated 2004-05-14 Experimental Math Books A two-volume set of books on experimental mathematics has been completed by Prof. Jonathan M. Borwein of the University of Dalhousie in Canada; Dr. David H. Bailey of the Lawerence Berkeley National Lab in the USA; and (for vol. 2) Dr. Roland Girgensohn of the Technical University of Munich in Germany. NEW: Feature article in Science News. See below. Vol. 1: Mathematics by Experiment: Plausible Reasoning in the 21st Century.

16. ScienceDaily -- Browse Topics: Science/Math/Recreations/Specific_Numbers many digits. Favorite Mathematical Constants An in-depth explanation of the most important math constants. ApƒÂ©ry s Constant http://www.sciencedaily.com/directory/Science/Math/Recreations/Specific_Numbers

Match: sort by: relevance date Free Services Subscribe by email RSS newsfeeds PDA-friendly format loc="/images/" A A A Find Jobs In: Healthcare Engineering Accounting College Contract / Freelance Customer Service Diversity Engineering Executive Healthcare Hospitality Human Resources Information Tech International Manufacturing Nonprofit Retail All Jobs by Job Type All Jobs by Industry Relocating? Visit: Moving Resources Moving Companies Mortgage Information Mortgage Calculator Real Estate Lookup Front Page Today's Digest Week in Review Email Updates ... Recreations Specific Numbers (211 links) 0 - Zero Fibonacci Numbers Infinity Integers ... phi See Also: Computers: Computer Science: Distributed Computing: Projects: Prime Numbers and Factoring Science: Math: Number Theory News about Specific Numbers New Theory Finds Middle Ground Between Conflicting Evidence For First Stars (June 2, 2004) full story Discovering Missing Black Holes: First Science From A Virtual Observatory (June 1, 2004) full story Without Words, Bullfrogs Communicate Through Stutters In Their Croaks (May 24, 2004) full story Diabetes Linked To Increased Risk Of Alzheimer's In Long-term Study (May 18, 2004)

17. Mathematical Functions ....... math constants. The following values are defined as constants in PHP by the math extension Table 1. math constants. Constant, Value, http://quanta.sourceforge.net/docs/php/ref.math.html

PHP Manual Prev Next XXVIII. Mathematical functions Introduction arbitrary precision math functions Math constants Table 1. Math constants Constant Value Description The value of ¶ (pi) Table of Contents Abs Acos Asin Atan ... Next mail Up Abs

18. Komando.com, Website For The Kim Komando Radio Show®, Newsletter Perhaps you ran across it in your math classes. It s similar to the math constant e, which is 2.718281828. Could this be a mere coincidence? http://www.komando.com/nl_050804.asp

Your Opinion What is the best solution to stop junk e-mail, spam? Legislation E-mail filters ISP filters Issue Date: May 8, 2004 Vol. 8, No. 19 This week, I give thanks to my mother, and you should, too. Why? Well, without her direction and support over the years, I would not be here! Thank you, Mom, and to all moms, Happy Mother's Day! CONTENTSWHAT'S IN YOUR INBOX THIS WEEK: ON THE QT: Reporting cyber threats; Google MY COLUMN: Using store kiosks to print your photos COOL SITES: OWL for kids; Coffee-mate; mixing songs SHAREWARE PICK: A free office software package SECURE COMPUTING: Sasser swamps unprotected computers MY KILLER TIP: Misdirecting pests and predators ~^~ COME ON, HEAR ME IN ALL 50 STATES ~^~ Over 1.2 million get this newsletter. But over 8 million listen to my shows. Remember that what you see in this newsletter is NO replacement for what you hear on the radio. Topics and subjects are not the same. So be sure to listen to my three hour show this weekend. And as always, I welcome your calls to the show! See you there!

19. EXSLT - Math:constant xslcalltemplate name="mathconstant" xslwith-param name="name" select="string The mathconstant function returns the specified constant to a set precision http://www.exslt.org/math/functions/constant

EXSLT math constant Implementer Page ... Downloads Modules Dates and Times Dynamic Common Functions ... Contact Implementer Page: math.constant.html Function Package: math.constant.zip Function Syntax number math:constant string number Template Syntax math:constant string number The math:constant function returns the specified constant to a set precision. The possible constants are: PI E Implementations The following XSLT processors support math:constant 4XSLT, from 4Suite. (version 0.12.0a3) libxslt from Daniel Veillard et al. (version 1.0.19) Implementations of math:constant are available in the following languages: XSLT Template (by James Fuller Javascript (by James Fuller EXSLT Function (by James Fuller http://www.exslt.org/math/functions/constant/index.html last modified 2002-11-12

20. Mudd Math Fun Facts: Kaprekar's Constant Advanced. From theFun Factfiles, here is a Fun Fact at the Easy level Kaprekar's constant. Take any four digit number (whose digits are not all identical), and do the following hosted by the Harvey Mudd College math Department. created and ©19992003 by Francis Su http://www.math.hmc.edu/funfacts/ffiles/10002.5-8.shtml

hosted by the Harvey Mudd College Math Department Francis Su Any Easy Medium Advanced Search Tips List All Fun Facts Fun Facts Home About Math Fun Facts ... Other Fun Facts Features 1553249 Fun Facts viewed since 20 July 1999. Francis Edward Su From the Fun Fact files, here is a Fun Fact at the Easy level: Kaprekar's Constant Take any four digit number (whose digits are not all identical), and do the following: Rearrange the string of digits to form the largest and smallest 4-digit numbers possible. Take these two numbers and subtract the smaller number from the larger. Use the number you obtain and repeat the above process. What happens if you repeat the above process over and over? Let's see... Suppose we choose the number 3141. The process eventually hits 6174 and then stays there! But the more amazing thing is this: every four digit number whose digits are not all the same will eventually hit 6174, in at most 7 steps, and then stay there! Presentation Suggestions: Remember that if you encounter any numbers with fewer than has fewer 4 digits, it must be treated as though it had 4 digits, using leading zeroes. Example: if you start with 3222 and subtract 2333, then the difference is 0999. The next step would then consider the difference 9990-0999=8991, and so on. You might ask students to investigate what happens for strings of other lengths or in other bases. The Math Behind the Fact: Each number in the sequence uniquely determines the next number in the sequence. Since there are only finitely many possibilities, eventually the sequence must return to a number it hit before, leading to a cycle. So any starting number will give a sequence that eventually cycles. There can many cycles; however, for length 4 strings in base 10, there happens to be 1 non-trivial cycle, and it has length 1 (involving the number 6174).

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