1. Turing Machine last substantive content change MAY 27 2003. turing machine. A turing machine is an abstract representation of a computing device. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing-machine/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A B C D ... Z This document uses XHTML-1/Unicode to format the display. Older browsers and/or operating systems may not display the formatting correctly. last substantive content change MAY Turing Machine 1. History 2. Later Developments Bibliography Other Internet Resources ... Related Entries 1. History Turing machines were first proposed by Alan Turing, in an attempt to give a mathematically precise definition of "algorithm" or "mechanical procedure". Early work by Turing and Alonzo Church spawned the branch of mathematical logic now known as recursive function theory. 2. Later Developments The concept of a Turing machine has played an important role in the recent philosophy of mind. The suggestion has been made that mental states just are functional states of a probabilistic automaton, in which binary inputs and outputs have been replaced by sensory inputs and motor outputs. This idea underlies the theory of mind known as "machine functionalism". Bibliography Turing, A., "On Computable Numbers, With an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem"

2. Virtual Turing Machine Virtual turing machine (VTM). Virtual turing machine 2. It s better. The source code is prettier. What is a turing machine? Alan Turing was a cryptographer. http://www.nmia.com/~soki/turing/

Virtual Turing Machine (VTM) Virtual Turing Machine 2 It's better. It can detect some infinite loops. The source code is prettier. What is a Turing Machine? Alan Turing was a cryptographer. He helped Britain break the German Enigma machines in WWII. He also invented a concept of a type of computer, called a "Turing Machine." Theoretically, a Turing machine is just as powerful as any other computer. Conceptually, a Turing Machine has a finite set of states, a finite alphabet (that has a blank symbol), and a finite set of instructions. Physically, it has a head that can read, write, and move along an infinitely long tape that is divided into cells, where each cell has a value of blank or a letter in the Turing Machine's alphabet. An instruction is defined as a five tuple, like this: (starting state, starting value, new state, new value, movement) The starting state is the state the head is currently in. The starting value is the value of the cell the head is positioned at. The new state and new value replace the starting state and starting value, respectively. The movement specifies which direction the head moves by one cell. The head halts when it can not find an instruction for the current state or the current cell value. A Turing machine will start at the first non-blank cell. Usually, states are named s

3. Virtual Turing Machine 2.02 Simulation of a turing machine. Users can write their own turing machines and see their machines work. http://www.nmt.edu/~prcm/turing/

Virtual Turing Machine 2 (VTM2) The VTM2 distribution (with the command line version and the web version) Grab vtm-2.02.tar.gz . The documentation is ugly. Anybody want to write something better? VTM2 features: a command line interface #! style scripts for UNIX a WWW interface "infinite" tape detection of some infinite loops What is a Turing machine? A Turing machine is theoretical computer consisting of a finite set of internal states, a finite alphabet that includes a blank symbol, and a finite set of instructions. It has a physical head and a physical infinitely long tape, which is divided into cells. The cell values consist of the alphabet. The tape has a finite number of non-blank cells. The head can read and write to the cells and move the tape one cell to the left and one cell to the right. An instruction is defined as a five tuple: (initial state, read value, final state, write value, movement) The inital state is the current internal state of the machine. The read value is the value of the cell the head is currently positioned at. The final state becomes the new state of the machine. The write value overwrites the cell the head is positioned at. Movement specifies which direction the head moves, either left or right. When the machine does not have an instruction for a given internal state and cell value, it will halt. Also, the web version of the VTM2 will halt if the head goes past either end of the tape. The Turing machine will start at the leftmost non-blank cell on the tape (if there are no non-blank cells in the tape, the VTM will start in the middle of the tape).

4. Turing's World: More Information (1) turing machines. Introduced by Alan Turing in 1936, turing machines are one of the key abstractions used in modern computability theory, the study of what computers can and cannot do. what computers can and cannot do. A turing machine is a particularly simple kind of computer, one whose point in its operation, the turing machine can only read or write http://www-csli.stanford.edu/hp/Turing1.html

Back Forward Turing Machines Introduced by Alan Turing in 1936, Turing machines are one of the key abstractions used in modern computability theory, the study of what computers can and cannot do. A Turing machine is a particularly simple kind of computer, one whose operations are limited to reading and writing symbols on a tape, or moving along the tape to the left or right. The tape is marked off into squares, each of which can be filled with at most one symbol. At any given point in its operation, the Turing machine can only read or write on one of these squares, the square located directly below its "read/write" head. In Turing's World the tape is represented by a narrow window that sits at the bottom of the screen. Here is what the tape looks like with a series of A's and B's written on it, and with the read/write head located on the leftmost of these symbols. A Turing machine has a finite number of states and is in exactly one of these states at any given time. Associated with these states are instructions telling the machine what action to perform if it is currently scanning a particular symbol, and what state to go into after performing this action. The states of a Turing machine are generally represented by a flow or state diagram, using circles for the states and labelled arcs for the instructions associated with those states. Here, for example, is a state diagram of a Turing machine with two states. When it is in state looking at an A, this machine will move right one square and return to state 0. When it is in state scanning a B, it will change this symbol to an A and go into state 1.

5. Turing Machines And Universes Essay exploring turing machine theory from quantum mechanical and universal perspectives. http://samvak.tripod.com/turing.html

Turing Machines and Universes By: Dr. Sam Vaknin Malignant Self Love - Buy the Book - Click HERE!!! Relationships with Abusive Narcissists - Buy the e-Books - Click HERE!!! The Web Sam Vaknin Sites READ THIS: Scroll down to review a complete list of the articles - Click on the blue-coloured text! Bookmark this Page - and SHARE IT with Others! In 1936 an American (Alonzo Church) and a Briton (Alan M. Turing) published independently (as is often the coincidence in science) the basics of a new branch in Mathematics (and logic): computability or recursive functions (later to be developed into Automata Theory). The authors confined themselves to dealing with computations which involved "effective" or "mechanical" methods for finding results (which could also be expressed as solutions (values) to formulae). These methods were so called because they could, in principle, be performed by simple machines (or human-computers or human-calculators, to use Turing's unfortunate phrases). The emphasis was on finiteness: a finite number of instructions, a finite number of symbols in each instruction, a finite number of steps to the result. This is why these methods were usable by humans without the aid of an apparatus (with the exception of pencil and paper as memory aids). Moreover: no insight or ingenuity were allowed to "interfere" or to be part of the solution seeking process. No one succeeded to prove that a function must be recursive in order to be effectively calculable. This is (as Post noted) a "working hypothesis" supported by overwhelming evidence. We don't know of any effectively calculable function which is not recursive, by designing new TMs from existing ones we can obtain new effectively calculable functions from existing ones and TM computability stars in every attempt to understand effective calculability (or these attempts are reducible or equivalent to TM computable functions).

6. Warthman Associates, Technical Writer - Turing Machine Java Animation We write technical manuals about Java, turing machines, semiconductors, microprocessors, systemson-chip (SOCs), networks, instrumentation, software, and design tools. turing machine Applet. The http://www.warthman.com/ex-turing.htm

Turing Machine Applet An explanation of the Turing Machine can be seen in the applet by clicking the button entitled "How the Applet Works". If the applet does not appear after several seconds, or if it continues to appear all gray, you may be behind a corporate firewall that blocks incoming Java applets. Click here to enter your email address in our Java mailing list. By doing so, you will receive notices of new Java applications from Warthman Associates. To delete your name from this mailing list, click here

7. Turing Machine turing machines A function is computable if it can be computed by a turing machine. It may be described as follows A turing machine processes an infinite tape. http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2002/entries/turing-machine/

This is a file in the archives of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A B C D ... Z Turing Machine History Later Developments Bibliography Other Internet Resources ... Related Entries History Turing machines were first proposed by Alan Turing, in an attempt to give a mathematically precise definition of "algorithm" or "mechanical procedure". Early work by Turing and Alonzo Church spawned the branch of mathematical logic now known as recursive function theory. Later Developments The concept of a Turing machine has played an important role in the recent philosophy of mind. The suggestion has been made that mental states just are functional states of a probabilistic automaton, in which binary inputs and outputs have been replaced by sensory inputs and motor outputs. This idea underlies the theory of mind known as "machine functionalism". Bibliography Turing, A., "On Computable Numbers, With an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem", Proceedings of the London Mathematical Soceity , Series 2, Volume 42, 1936; reprinted in M. David (ed.)

8. Virtual Turing Machine Virtual turing machine. Go here for a page with nothing but this form on it. The Tape Blank character Initial state Instructions http://www.nmia.com/~soki/turing/form.html

Virtual Turing Machine Go here for a page with nothing but this form on it. The Tape: Blank character: Initial state: Instructions: I want to: execute this script and output: the result of the tape only one line per step two lines per step don't show the state show the state before the tape show the state after the tape and don't show the form again and show the form before the results and show the form after the results save this script with the values soki@nmia.com

9. Alan Turing Scrapbook - Turing Machines s and Simulations OnLine.......The Alan Turing Internet Scrapbook. Computable Numbers, 1936 and the turing machine. Other turing machine http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/scrapbook/machine.html

The Alan Turing Internet Scrapbook Computable Numbers, 1936 and the Turing Machine Quick Links: Boy to Man... The years from 1932 to 1935 were the foundation of Alan Turing's serious scientific life. The atmosphere at King's College, Cambridge, was highly conducive to free-ranging thought, and it was as an undergraduate there that Alan Turing developed the inspiration he had received from Christopher Morcom, and combined it with the newest ideas in mathematics. On-line extract from my book on the moral and political ambience at King's College, and Alan Turing's life and thought in 1933. ...Man to Machine Mathematical Logic In 1935 a course by the Cambridge mathematician M. H. A. (Max) Newman introduced Alan Turing to the frontier of research in mathematical logic. Logic is not well represented on the Web, and unfortunately the Beginnings of Set Theory. This Encyclopaedia Britannica article on Logic discusses the background to decidability in mathematical logic. The famous 1900 speech by the German mathematician David Hilbert did much to set the agenda for twentieth century mathematical research. More comment

10. Turing Machines computed by a turing machine. A turing machine is a very simple machine, but, logically speaking, has may be described as follows A turing machine processes an infinite tape http://www.ams.org/new-in-math/cover/turing.html

Turing Machines In the 1930's (before the advent of the digital computer) several mathematicians began to think about what it means to be able to compute a function. Alonzo Church and Alan Turing independently arrived at equivalent conclusions. As we might phrase their common definition now: A function is computable if it can be computed by a Turing machine. A Turing machine is a very simple machine, but, logically speaking, has all the power of any digital computer. It may be described as follows: A Turing machine processes an infinite tape. This tape is divided into squares, any square of which may contain a symbol from a finite alphabet, with the restriction that there can be only finitely many non-blank squares on the tape. At any time, the Turing machine has a read/write head positioned at some square on the tape. Furthermore, at any time, the Turing machine is in any one of a finite number of internal states. The Turing machine is further specified by a set of instructions of the following form: (current_state, current_symbol, new_state, new_symbol, left/right)

11. JavaScript Turing Machines Andrew Hodges, 1 January 2003. The turing machine table of behaviour will appear below, set out in quintuples state read write move nextstate. http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/scrapbook/tmjava.html

The Alan Turing Internet Scrapbook Turing Machines implemented in JavaScript maintained by Andrew Hodges Alan Turing home page Scrapbook index ... My Books Turing machines implemented in JavaScript Here you can see the basic ideas of Turing machines illustrated by some very simple examples. Continue to the Scrapbook page on Alan Turing and his Turing machines for more general information on the machine concept. CLICK on one of these: Machine 1: unary addition Machine 2: divisibility Machine 3: primality The tape will appear here. The scanned square, marked off with , remains fixed while the tape passes through it. Current state number Current tape position Current step number What to do: First choose your machine by CLICKing on the selection. Then click on LOAD. Now you can choose STEP to make the machine take one step at a time, or RUN to let the machine run until it terminates the calculation. You can interrupt a RUN with BREAK. To resume, click on CONTINUE and then either STEP or RUN. Reset by using LOAD. The machines: Machine 1 is there to illustrate the basic operations. Step through the moves to see how it 'adds' two groups of 1's into a single group.

12. Introduction To Cellular Automata (game of life, brian's brain ) available in PDF, illustrated with a program (CAV) and an applet which show the capability of a conway CA to manage boolean functions as part of a turing machine(LogiCell). http://www.rennard.org/alife/english/acgb.html

Introduction to Cellular Automata Cellular Automata Viewer CAV is a cellular automata manager. Version 2.0 Small but complete, it will allow you to explore Conway's universe (the famous Game of Life) as well as more complex and sophisticated universes (Brian's Brain, Swirl...). Version 2.0 implements some 1D cellular automata. Logicell LogiCell is an applet which demonstrates the capability of a Conway Cellular Automaton to manage boolean operators. It is illustrated with some automatism applications (binary adder, two-way switch...). H ome Cellular Automata Biomorphs ... Links Last Update 23 March, 2003

13. Turing Machine - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia The turing machine is an abstract model of computer execution and storage introduced in 1936 by Alan Turing The concept of the turing machine is based on the idea of http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_machine

Turing machine From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The Turing machine is an abstract model of computer execution and storage introduced in by Alan Turing to give a mathematically precise definition of algorithm or 'mechanical procedure'. As such it is still widely used in theoretical computer science , especially in complexity theory and the theory of computation . The thesis that states that Turing machines indeed capture the informal notion of effective or mechanical method in logic and mathematics is known as the Church-Turing thesis The concept of the Turing machine is based on the idea of a person executing a well-defined procedure by changing the contents of an infinite amount of ordered paper sheets that can contain one of a finite set of symbols. The person needs to remember one of a finite set of states and the procedure is formulated in very basic steps in the form of "If your state is 42 and the symbol you see is a '0' then replace this with a '1', remember the state 17, and go to the following sheet." Turing machines shouldn't be confused with the Turing test , Turing's attempt to capture the notion of artificial intelligence A Turing machine that is able to simulate any other Turing machine is called a universal Turing machine or simply a universal machine as Turing described it in 1947: It can be shown that a single special machine of that type can be made to do the work of all. It could in fact be made to work as a model of any other machine. The special machine may be called the universal machine.

14. Turing Machine Simulator -- Intro turing machine Simulator Intro. The TM Simulator is my first I ve collected some turing machinerelated links on my Links page. http://www.igs.net/~tril/tm/

Turing Machine Simulator Intro The TM Simulator is my first substantial applet, a project I worked on over the summer to help me learn the language, to pass ample free time, and to have fun. It turned out to be alot more difficult than I'd expected, particularly the GUI layout aspects, but I've finally completed enough of it to make it available for public viewing, and in the process I've become moderately proficient at the non-bells-and-whistles aspects of Java. It seems to be working pretty well on the platforms where I've tested it, but if you run into any bugs, please report them to me by email I don't expect this program will be wildly popular with the general public, as it is not replete with cool animation, sound clips, etc....but other theoretical comp sci. geek-types out there might find it a fun toy. So, without further ado, here's a link to the applet itself . You'll probably want to read some or all of these help files first, though: What the heck is a Turing Machine? Using the interface ... The (not-yet-well-documented) source code I've collected some Turing Machine-related links on my Links page.

15. Turing Machine From MathWorld turing machine from MathWorld A theoretical computing machine invented by Alan Turing (1937) to serve as an idealized model for mathematical calculation. A turing machine consists of a line of http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://mathworld.wolfram.com/TuringMachine.html

16. Turing Machine Simulator You need a Javaenabled browser to run this program. http://www.igs.net/~tril/tm/tm.html

You need a Java-enabled browser to run this program. Home Worlds Apart Int-Fic Scrabble ... Credits E-mail: tril@igs.net Site Updated : 2004/May/1 the credits before you borrow any of the graphics on these pages.

17. Turing Machine - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia turing machine. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The turing machine is definition of those terms. A physical turing machine. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_machine

Turing machine From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The Turing machine is an abstract model of computer execution and storage introduced in by Alan Turing to give a mathematically precise definition of algorithm or 'mechanical procedure'. As such it is still widely used in theoretical computer science , especially in complexity theory and the theory of computation . The thesis that states that Turing machines indeed capture the informal notion of effective or mechanical method in logic and mathematics is known as the Church-Turing thesis The concept of the Turing machine is based on the idea of a person executing a well-defined procedure by changing the contents of an infinite amount of ordered paper sheets that can contain one of a finite set of symbols. The person needs to remember one of a finite set of states and the procedure is formulated in very basic steps in the form of "If your state is 42 and the symbol you see is a '0' then replace this with a '1', remember the state 17, and go to the following sheet." Turing machines shouldn't be confused with the Turing test , Turing's attempt to capture the notion of artificial intelligence A Turing machine that is able to simulate any other Turing machine is called a universal Turing machine or simply a universal machine as Turing described it in 1947: It can be shown that a single special machine of that type can be made to do the work of all. It could in fact be made to work as a model of any other machine. The special machine may be called the universal machine.

18. Turing Machine -- From MathWorld turing machine. A template for specifying a 3state 2-color turing machine is shown above using a form of notation due to Wolfram (2002). http://mathworld.wolfram.com/TuringMachine.html

INDEX Algebra Applied Mathematics Calculus and Analysis Discrete Mathematics ... Alphabetical Index ABOUT THIS SITE About MathWorld About the Author DESTINATIONS What's New MathWorld Headline News Random Entry ... Live 3D Graphics CONTACT Email Comments Contribute! Sign the Guestbook MATHWORLD - IN PRINT Order book from Amazon Discrete Mathematics Computational Systems Discrete Mathematics ... Theory of Computation Turing Machine A theoretical computing machine invented by Alan Turing The number of n -state s -color Turing machines (disallowing machines with halting states) is given by (Wolfram 2002, p. 888). An example 3-state 2-color Turing machine is illustrated above (Wolfram 2002, p. 78). It has a total of rules, which describe the machine behavior for all possible states. In general, an n -state k -color Turing machine requires rules to specify its behavior. Although any number of these rules may specify a halting condition, the most commonly considered Turing machines have either or 1 halting states. A Turing machine can run forever, enter a loop, or reach a particular state or set of conditions (i.e., the head will ever reach a given position, a given pattern will be produced on the tape, etc.) at which it is prescribed to halt. Determining whether a Turing machine will ever halt for a given input and set of rules, is called the halting problem . An n -state, 2-symbol

19. Home Page - Hypercomputation Research Network (http://hypercomputation.net) The study of computation beyond that defined by the turing machine, also known as superTuring, non-standard or non-recursive computation. Links to people, resources and discussions. http://www.hypercomputation.net/

Home People Bibliography Resources Online Forum ... Discussion HYPERCOMPUTATION.NET Hypercomputation Research Network Hypercomputation concerns the study of computation beyond that defined by the Turing machine, and is also known as super-Turing, non-standard or non-recursive computation. It is a multi-disciplinary research area with relevance across a wide variety of fields, including computer science, philosophy, physics, electronics, biology, and artifical intelligence. Jack Copeland has produced some excellent explanatory material which you may find useful: AlanTuring.Net Hypercomputation Page The confusion of Thesis M with the Church-Turing thesis If you would like to comment on any aspect of this site, please email the webmaster People If you wish to be added to our published list of active researchers , please send us your details. Bibliography If you publish or come across any books, articles or papers that you feel may be relevant to researchers in hypercomputation, please send us the details for inclusion in our comprehensive bibliography Discussion If you are active in the field and wish to be involved in discussions relating to it, you may benefit from joining the

20. Turing Machine (C++ Simulator) Here is C++ Simulator of a turing machine (TM). The program simulates Deterministic and Nondeterministic for Deterministic turing machine). %turing.exe See results in Log File http://alexvn.freeservers.com/s1/turing.html

Free Web site hosting - Freeservers.com Web Hosting - GlobalServers.com Choose an ISP NetZero High Speed Internet ... Dial up $14.95 or NetZero Internet Service $9.95 Visitors : since Nov 09, 2002 [ Last Modification : 2003/12/19 - Here is C++ Simulator of a Turing Machine (TM) . The program simulates Deterministic and Nondeterministic Multitape TM. The algorithm has been written by Alex Vinokur. Programming Language : C++. Any and all comments would be appreciated. Message Board Alex Vinokur alexvn@connect.to ... http://up.to/alexvn Also C++ Simulator of a Universal Turing Machine A Turing Machine with faults, failures and recovery C++ Simulator of a Post Machine Content Algorithm Classes Program Files Input Data Files ( ... Running Log Files Download Algorithm =================== The program simulates Deterministic and Nondeterministic Turing Machines List Of Classes ================ Main classes used in the algorithm are as following : CurSituation NexSituation Tape TuringMachine/NondeterministicTuringMachine Run Program Files =========================== The algorithm (for Deterministic Machine) contains the following files : version.h

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