1. Frame Page For History Of Computers A history of computers associated index, we will take a cruise through history to discover some of the key developments that have be credited with the invention of computers, but several names stand proud http://www.maxmon.com/history.htm

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2. History Of Computers history of computers Part 1 is a compiled directory of computer history links for students and researchers. Also visit history of computers Part 2. http://www.hitmill.com/computers/computerhx1.html

hitmill.com Free! FrontPage Download History of Computers Part 1 Photograph of PDP-6 Computer Specific Topic List Computing Research Links Futuristic Computers History of the Web, Beginning at CERN ... Z -A- ABACUS The Abacus (ee.ryerson.ca) Abacus Applet (use this abacus interactively with your mouse) The Abacus: A History (Liz Young) The Abacus - Mathematics and the Liberal Arts (T.Hammond, truman.edu) The Abacus Great picture!(CyberKids) AIKEN, HOWARD HATHAWAY Howard Hathaway Aiken and the Mark I Howard Hathaway Aiken, Mathemetician Howard Aiken: Makin' A Computer Wonder Howard Hathaway Aiken, Computer Pioneer ... Howard Aiken's Harvard Mark I ANALYTICAL ENGINE The Analytical Engine, Table of Contents Analytical Engine/Babbage APPLE Apple Computer history (apple-history.com) Steve Jobs Information Page Woz.org Making the Macintosh (stanford.edu) The Apple Museum (theapplemuseum.com) Books on Apple History MacPicks (Mac News, Reviews, E-zines) ATANASOFF, JOHN VINCENT The John Vincent Atanasoff Virtual Archive Iowa State University Department of Computer Science, birthplace of the electronic digital computer. Atanasoff Biography (Hien Chris Do) Washington Post Obituary Secret of a Genius: Drive Fast and Don't Look Back (This is an article about John Atanasoff.)

3. The History Of Computers - Computer History Timeline A history of computers and the inventors involved with each computer invention milestone a timeline with detailed history features. http://inventors.about.com/library/blcoindex.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Inventors Home ... Industrial Revolution zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Famous Inventions Famous Inventors Black Inventors Women Inventors ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Inventors newsletter. Search Inventors The History of Computers "Who invented the computer?" is not a question with a simple answer. The real answer is that many inventors contributed to the history of computers and that a computer is a complex piece of machinery made up of many parts, each of which can be considered a separate invention. This series covers many of the major milestones in computer history (but not all of them) with a concentration on the history of personal home computers. Computer History Year/Enter Computer History Inventors/ Inventions Computer History Description of Event Konrad Zuse - Z1 Computer First freely programmable computer. ABC Computer Who was first in the computing biz is not always as easy as ABC.

4. History Of Computers history of computers Part 2 directory of topics about the history of computers, timelines and general computer history links, current computer research links http://www.hitmill.com/computers/computerhx2.html

hitmill.com/ History of Computers, Part 1 History of Computers Part 2 General Categories and Timelines Computing Research Links , and Futuristic Computers A B C ... 8-Bit Operating Systems (Armory.Com) Classic 8-bit Computers -A- A Brief History of Computers and Networks (GoldenInk.Com) A Brief History of Wearable Computing A Chronology of Computer History (Cyberstreet.Com) A Chronology of Personal Computers (kpolsson - islandnet.com) A Few Quotes from Silicon Valley History A Journey Through the History of Information Technology Photos: History of Computing Information Artificial Intelligence, History of ... A Timeline of Computer and Internet History -B- -C- Calculator Reference, Research Page Chronology of Computer History (cyberstreet.com) Chronology of Personal Computers (Ken Polsson) CHAC History Page Computers, Historic Computing Science, History of Computers: From the Past to the Present ... Computer History "Tours" at the Smithsonian -D- -E- -F- First, Second, Third, and Fourth Generation Computers Features of each generation are discussed. -G- Google.Com's Computer History Links

5. History Of Computing Information Zuse, Bell, Aiken, Eckert) history of computers BAE 221 course notes Konrad Zuse a guided tour of his computers. The Z3 was build with relays and finished in 1941 http://ftp.arl.mil/~mike/comphist

History of Computing Information Information about the history of computing, assembled by Mike Muuss for your information and edification. Documents from the home of the ENIAC The U. S. Army Research Lab Online Documents "ENIAC: The Army-Sponsored Revolution" , by William T. Moye. An executive summary of the history of computing. A complete and concise presentation of the origins of the BRL and the ENIAC, with names, places, and dates. (4 pages) "My Life with the ENIAC - a Worm's Eye View" , as lived by Harry Reed. Plus "Firing Table Calculations on the ENIAC". The History of Computing at BRL , by Mike Muuss. A chronicle of processors, software, and networking at the U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory, prior to the installation of the ENIAC through 1992. (18 pages) Photographs of Historic Computers The ENIAC Story , by Martin H. Weik. The world's first production electronic digital computer was developed by Army Ordnance to compute World War II ballistic firing tables. This is the story of that computer. (6 pages) Electronic Computers Within the Ordnance Corps , by Karl Kempf.

6. A History Of Computers 1939 AD John Vincent Atanasoff s specialpurpose electronic digital computer. 1943 AD to 1946 AD The first general-purpose electronic computer ENIAC. http://www.maxmon.com/timeline.htm

350 Million Years BC The first tetrapods leave the oceans 30,000 BC to 20,000 BC Carving notches into bones 8500 BC Bone carved with prime numbers discovered 1900 BC to 1800 BC The first place-value number system 1000 BC to 500 BC The invention of the abacus 383 BC to 322 BC Aristotle and the Tree of Porphyry 300 BC to 600 AD The first use of zero and negative numbers 1274 AD Ramon Lull's Ars Magna 1285 AD to 1349 AD William of Ockham's logical transformations 1434 AD The first self-striking water clock 1500 AD Leonardo da Vinci's mechanical calculator 1600 AD John Napier and Napier's Bones 1621 AD The invention of the slide rule 1625 AD Wilhelm Schickard's mechanical calculator 1640 AD Blaise Pascal's Arithmetic Machine 1658 AD Pascal creates a scandle 1670 AD Gottfried von Leibniz's Step Reckoner 1714 AD The first English typewriter patent 1726 AD Jonathan Swift writes Gulliver's Travels 1735 AD The Billiard cue is invented 1761 AD Leonhard Euler's geometric system for problems in class logic 1800 AD Jacquard's punched cards Circa 1800 AD Charles Stanhope invents the Stanhope Demonstrator 1822 AD Charles Babbage's Difference Engine 1829 AD Sir Charles Wheatstone invents the accordion 1829 AD The first American typewriter patent 1830 AD Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine 1834 AD Georg and Edward Scheutz's Difference Engine 1834 AD Tally sticks: The hidden dangers 1837 AD Samuel Morse invents the electric telegraph 1847 AD to 1854 AD George Boole invents Boolean Algebra 1857 AD Sir Charles Wheatstone uses paper tape to store data

7. Computer History Modern Computers An index to famous inventors in the computer business, over twentysix fully illustrated features cover the history of computers from Konrad http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blcomputer.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Inventors Home ... Industrial Revolution zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Famous Inventions Famous Inventors Black Inventors Women Inventors ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Inventors newsletter. Search Inventors Computer History Articles Feature Article The History of Modern Computers An index to famous inventors in the computer business, over twenty-six fully illustrated features cover the history of computers from Konrad Zuse and the first programmable in 1936 - to today's computers. WWW Links Computers: History and Development Brief outline of early history and a description of the next five generations of computers. Triumph of the Nerds Timeline of computer history and some of the major figures involved. The History of Computers During My Lifetime The history of the computers of the 70s, 80s and 90s. Computers: Mind Machine Web Museum Virtual computer history gallery, full of rare and surprisingly beautiful photos (1955 Geniac Computer or 1960 ThinkATron computer game.)

8. The History Of Computers During My Lifetime The history of computers During My Lifetime. In this document I take a quick look at the great moments in the history of computers during my lifetime. http://www.pattosoft.com.au/jason/Articles/HistoryOfComputers/

The History Of Computers During My Lifetime by Jason Patterson jason@pattosoft.com.au In this document I take a quick look at the great moments in the history of computers during my lifetime. Over time it should hopefully build up to become a fascinating look back into history. In fact it is already quite interesting, even though I'm still a youngster! PS: If you think I've missed something, or you find a mistake, please email me... PPS: All the prices are in US dollars. The 1970's From the world's first general purpose microprocessor to the Apple II, Commodore PET and TRS-80. UNIX, the C programming language, the VAX and the Cray 1 at the high end. The 1980's The Commodore 64, the IBM PC, the Apple Macintosh and the Commodore Amiga. Graphical user interfaces and the birth of multimedia. The Intel 80386. The C++ language. RISC architectures. The SPARCstation 1, the Silicon Graphics IRIS, and the NeXT. The 1990's Microsoft Windows 3. Virtual Reality. The Alpha, the PowerPC and the Pentium. The PowerMacintosh. The Internet and the World Wide Web. OS/2 Warp. Windows '95. Toy Story. Help Wanted...

9. The History Of Computers During My Lifetime - The 1980's The history of computers During My Lifetime The 1980 s. http://www.pattosoft.com.au/jason/Articles/HistoryOfComputers/1980s.html

The History Of Computers During My Lifetime - The 1980's by Jason Patterson jason@pattosoft.com.au The Commodore VIC-20 Riding on the success of the PET, Commodore drove its engineers to make computers that anyone could afford. The 6502 based VIC-20, introduced in 1981, was the first color computer that cost under $300. It was also the first computer to sell one million units. VIC-20 production hit 9000 units per day - a rate that was absolutely phenomenal back then. While shortsighted critics kept asking what these machines were good for, Commodore was the first company to introduce millions of people to personal computing. The First Portable Computer - The Osborne 1 Adam Osborne sold Osborne Books to McGraw-Hill and started Osborne Computer. Its first product, the 24 pound Osborne 1 "portable", cost $1795. The Osborne 1 was easily identified by its tiny built-in screen. Osborne also started the practice of bundling software with the computer - the Osborne 1 came with nearly $1500 worth of programs! Unfortunately Osborne went bankrupt when it preannounced its next computer while still trying to sell the Osborne 1. The IBM PC In 1981, the landmark announcement of the IBM PC stunned the computing world. People had always thought of IBM as a high end mainframe player. Even the chairman of IBM is supposed to have looked at the original PC and said that it would never fly - that mainframes would dominate forever.

10. Sdc: Site {computer History} The history of computers starts out about 2000 years ago, at the birth of the abacus, a wooden rack holding two horizontal wires with beads strung on them. http://www.softlord.com/comp/

A Short History of the Computer (b.c. - 1993a.d.) by Jeremy Meyers I DO NOT HAVE ANY OTHER INFORMATION ON THIS TOPIC OTHER THAN WHAT IS ON THIS PAGE! PLEASE DO NOT E-MAIL ME REQUESTING MORE INFORMATION! Instead, check Yahoo Download this paper in PDF format Note: Yes, a lot of this is from Groliers Encyclopaedia. Hey, I was young. I didn't know any better. Credit where credit is due. Also, this information is only current as of the early 1990's (1993, to be exact), and no I'm not planning to add more information anytime soon. Citing This Work You are welcome to use this document as a reference in creating your own paper or research work on the subject. Please don't just copy this paper verbatim and submit it as your own work, as I put a lot of time and effort into it. Plus, it's bad karma. If you would like to use this work, please use this citation in your bibliography: Meyers, Jeremy, "A Short History of the Computer" [Online] Available <http://www.softlord.com/comp/> <Date you accessed this page> Table of Contents: In The Beginning...

11. ThinkQuest : Library : Computer Chronicles: From Stone To Silicon The timelines on this web page are divided into five sections, each beginning and ending with a defining event in the history of computers. http://library.thinkquest.org/22522/

Index History Computer Chronicles: From Stone to Silicon Did you know that the abacus, which was invented 5,000 years ago in China, is the forerunner of today's computers? How about this: the first electronic computer was programmed with punch cards. This site is a comprehensive timeline of events that have defined the computer revolution, the growth of personal computers, and ultimately, the Internet. Many historic photos of early computers may be found at this site. This resource is available in English and French. Visit Site 1998 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Languages English French Students Jason Mt. Rainier High School, Des Moines, WA, United States Zac Mt. Rainier High School, Des Moines, WA, United States Francois Lycee Louis Armand, 75015 Paris, France Coaches Jerre Mt. Rainier High School, Des Moines, WA, United States John Mt. Rainier High School, Des Moines, WA, United States Want to build a ThinkQuest site? The ThinkQuest site above is one of thousands of educational web sites built by students from around the world. Click here to learn how you can build a ThinkQuest site.

12. ThinkQuest : Library : The History Of Computers THE. HISTORY. OF. COMPUTERS. This website is all about what we have found out about coMputers. By Devon Oliver and Michael Lewis. of http://library.thinkquest.org/21567/

Index History The History of Computers The first electronic digital computer was called ENIAC, built in 1945 in Philadelphia. It used so much electricity that lights in the nearby town dimmed every time it was used! What a long way we have come in a half-century, with personal computers in homes, offices, and schoolrooms across the world. Trace the history and learn fun facts. Visit Site 1998 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Languages English Students Devon Sweet Valley Primary School, Cape Town, South Africa James Sweet Valley Primary School, Cape Town, South Africa Coaches Brian Sweet Valley Primary School, Cape Town, South Africa Want to build a ThinkQuest site? The ThinkQuest site above is one of thousands of educational web sites built by students from around the world. Click here to learn how you can build a ThinkQuest site. Privacy Policy

13. History Of Computers/Internet Theme Page page provides links to information technology curricular resources and instructional materials (lesson plans) in the specific topic of history of computers. http://www.cln.org/themes/computer_history.html

History of Computers/Internet Theme Page This "Theme Page" has links to two types of resources related to the study of History of Computers/Internet. Students and teachers will find curricular resources (information, content...) to help them learn about this topic. In addition, there are also links to instructional materials (lesson plans) which will help teachers provide instruction in this theme. Please read our [A] Brief History of the Internet A comprehensive document discussing the origins of the Internet through to the commercialization of the technology. Further, the authors provide a small description of what they believe the future Internet may look like. Brief History of UNIX This article is for beginners to UNIX, and explain the history and gives a general introduction to UNIX. Charles Babbage Institute of Computer History The Institute is "dedicated to promoting the study of the history of computing and its impact on society..." They encourage the research and writing in the history of computing through fellowhips and by making resources and information available to scholars, scientists and members of the public. Chronology of Events in the History of Microcomputers A comprehesive listing of events in the history of the microcomputer.

14. The History Of Computers The history of computers. These pages will give you a short overview of the history of computers. The development from the most primitive http://www2.fht-esslingen.de/studentisches/Computer_Geschichte/

The History of Computers These pages will give you a short overview of the History of Computers. The development from the most primitive calculating aids, to modern supercomputers can be seen as a series of major discoveries. In this document, we have tried to show how this process took place. The biggest trouble with this project was to find a starting point. Did the History of Computers start with the first mechanical calculating machine (arguably the abacus) or were Babbage's machines the basis of all modern computers? What about software, operating systems, programming languages and so on? It is obvious that we couldn't cover all possible aspects that led to today's computers that let us surf the Internet. And of course, some of the information given in these pages may be incomplete or inaccurate. If you have any comments or additional information about these pages, please let us know. Information or questions concerning the project should be sent to our teacher, Mr T. S. Wynne

15. The History Of Computers BC - 1820 A try to define the term computer. From Pebbles and Beads to the Abacus. From Napier s Bones to the Slide Rules (John Napier). Calculating http://www2.fht-esslingen.de/studentisches/Computer_Geschichte/fold1.html

A try to define the term computer From Pebbles and Beads to the Abacus From 'Napier's Bones' to the Slide Rules (John Napier) Calculating Clock (Wilhelm Schickard) The calculating Machine (Blaise Pascal) The 'Reckoning Machine' (Baron von Leibnitz) and 'Arithmometer' (Thomas de Colmar) Authors: Martin Hejl Back to the startup-page

16. History Of Computers In Education History, the history of computers, and the history of computers in Education. 1780 Early public schools adopt the teacher/manager http://www.csulb.edu/~murdock/histofcs.html

History, the History of Computers, and the History of Computers in Education - Early public schools adopt the teacher/manager model with the teacher as the primary manger of instruction and assessment in a single classroom. - First vacuum tube-based computers developed; universities help in computer development effort; technology used in war effort. - Little technology used in schools, primarily TV; baby boom begins with resulting increases in class size; first-generation Univac computer delivered to the US census bureau. - General Electric is the first business to order a computer. Early rock and roll music, based on the rhythm and blues tradition, gains a little in popularity. - IBM's first commercial computer is sold; the cold war results in use of technology in aircraft design and in weapons control. Russia developing the technology for the first spacecraft. - Eisenhower elected president; Elvis Presley records "Hound Dog"; school overcrowding growing; school dropout rate rapidly declining toward zero; schools still based on the teacher/manager model in individual teacher-controlled classrooms; the cold war continues with technology playing an important role and is intensified when Russia sends up their Sputnik space vehicle to demonstrate their lead in technology. - As cold war continues, National Defense Education Act brings some new money and some new technology into schools, but primarily in vocational education. Mainframe host computers are not widely accepted in schools that are still using the si ngle classroom, teacher/manager method of delivering information to students.

17. A Brief History Of Computers And Networks of modern computing. A Brief history of computers and Networks,. Part I. code as well. A brief history of computers and networks, Part II. http://goldenink.com/computersandnetworks.shtml

A Brief History of Computers and Networks, Part I Webster's Dictionary defines "computer" as any programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data. The basic idea of computing develops in the 1200's when a Moslem cleric proposes solving problems with a series of written procedures. As early as the 1640's mechanical calculators are manufactured for sale. Records exist of earlier machines, but Blaise Pascal invents the first commercial calculator, a hand powered adding machine. Although attempts to multiply mechanically were made by Gottfried Liebnitz in the 1670s the first true multiplying calculator appears in Germany shortly before the American Revolution. In 1801 a Frenchman, Joseph-Marie Jacquard builds a loom that weaves by reading punched holes stored on small sheets of hardwood. These plates are then inserted into the loom which reads (retrieves) the pattern and creates(process) the weave. Powered by water, this "machine" came 140 years before the development of the modern computer. Ada Lovelace Shortly after the first mass-produced calculator(1820), Charles Babbage begins his lifelong quest for a programmable machine. Although Babbage was a poor communicator and record-keeper, his difference engine is sufficiently developed by 1842 that Ada Lovelace uses it to mechanically translate a short written work. She is generally regarded as the first programmer. Twelve years later George Boole, while professor of Mathematics at Cork University, writes An Investigation of the Laws of Thought(1854), and is generally recognized as the father of computer science.

18. Computer History An Illustrated history of computers. If you ve enjoyed this history of computers, I encourage you to try your own hand at programming a computer. http://www.computersciencelab.com/ComputerHistory/History.htm

Computer Science Lab An Illustrated History of Computers The first computers were people! That is, electronic computers (and the earlier mechanical computers) were given this name because they performed the work that had previously been assigned to people. "Computer" was originally a job title: it was used to describe those human beings (predominantly women) whose job it was to perform the repetitive calculations required to compute such things as navigational tables, tide charts, and planetary positions for astronomical almanacs. Imagine you had a job where hour after hour, day after day, you were to do nothing but compute multiplications. Boredom would quickly set in, leading to carelessness, leading to mistakes. And even on your best days you wouldn't be producing answers very fast. Therefore, inventors have been searching for hundreds of years for a way to mechanize (that is, find a mechanism that can perform) this task. This picture shows what were known as "counting tables" [photo courtesy IBM] A typical computer operation back when computers were people.

19. The Language And History Of Computers -- Index The Language and history of computers. Understanding Computer Jargon Need help unscrambling the language of the Internet and computers in general? http://www.imagescape.com/helpweb/history/history.html

The Language and History of Computers Understanding Computer Jargon Need help unscrambling the language of the Internet and computers in general? Try these sites for acronym and abbreviation lists, glossary and dictionary sites. The History of the Internet Learn a little bit about the history behind the Information Age. Visit these sites for timelines, biographical information, and folklore. Top of This Page Return to the Main Index At some point during your visit, please be sure to read our E-mail Web FTP News ... Home This page is archived at http://www.imagescape.com/helpweb

20. Computer And Internet History Technology Behind It An extensive collection of links to information on the history of computers, the web, the computer companies, and Silicon Valley itself. http://www.imagescape.com/helpweb/history/background.html

The History of the Computers and the Internet ...or How the Heck did this stuff get started anyhow? "If someone says ' can't ,' that shows you what to do." Sites Relating to the History of Computing Smithsonian Computer History The Smithsonian Computer History Section includes an on-line slide show of their "Information Age" exhibit and the text of oral histories they are collecting from people who are the innovators of the computer era. The Virtual Museum of Computing The virtual museum is a collection of links to information about computers and computer history. A very detailed index indeed. Chronology of Personal Computers "This document is an attempt to bring various published sources together to present a timeline about Personal Computers." The History of Silicon Valley A short history of the computer industry in Silicon Valley. History of Silicon Valley and the Technology Behind It An extensive collection of links to information on the history of computers, the web, the computer companies, and Silicon Valley itself. Computer Industry History Sites Relating to the History of the Internet Hobbes' Internet Timeline A nice compilation of the history of the Internet, complete with a chronological discussion and graphs showing the explosive growth is housed by the Internet Society.

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