21. Poetry: Phyllis Wheatley BIOGRAPHY Phillis Wheatley (c. 17531784) was kidnapped from Africa and sold in theBoston slave market in 1761, so the true year of her birth will always be a http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/litlinks/poetry/wheatley.htm

MM_preloadImages('../images/m_research_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_related_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_literary_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_critical_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_essays_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_poetry_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_drama_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_fiction_o.gif'); Phyllis Wheatley (c. 1753-1784) LINKS Liberty! Web Site: PBS online http://www.pbs.org/ktca/liberty/chronicle/diversity-phyllisw.html This brief overview of the changing face of America in the 1700s includes a biography of Wheatley. America's First Black Woman Poet http://www.it.cc.mn.us/literature/wheat.htm This course site from Ithaca Community College Distance Learning includes a biography of Wheatley and excerpts of her work. African American Literature Book Club http://www.aalbc.com/phyllis.htm This site includes a biography of Wheatley and an e-text of "To the Students at the University of Cambridge in New England." BIOGRAPHY Phillis Wheatley (c. 1753-1784) was kidnapped from Africa and sold in the Boston slave market in 1761, so the true year of her birth will always be a mystery. She was bought by Susanna Wheatley, a woman of some means, and welcomed more as a new member of the Wheatley household than as a slave. Phillis was precocious and quickly learned English and Latin. She began writing when she was still only a young girl, and her earliest surviving poem was written in 1767, when she was twelve or thirteen. She was formally freed by the Wheatley family when she was about twenty but remained with them until her marriage to John Peters, a free black man, in 1778.

22. Kalaidjian/Roof/Watt, Understanding Literature, 1/e - Poetry Poetry A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Phillis Wheatley (17531784) LINKS http//www.poets http://college.hmco.com/english/kalaidjian/understanding_lit/1e/students/poetry/

Drama Fiction Poetry Textbook Site for: Understanding Literature Walter Kalaidjian - Emory University Judith Roof - Michigan State University Stephen Watt - Indiana University Poetry A B C D ... Z Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784) LINKS http://www.poets.org/poets/poets.cfm?prmID=444 This link connects you to the Academy of American Poets. Here you will find an exhibit on Phillis Wheatley including a biography, online primary texts, criticism, bibliographic information, and additional links. http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/wheatley/menu.html This link connects you to the Phillis Wheatley web site hosted by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries. It contains electronic editions of the Memoir and Poems of Phillis Wheatley a Native African and a Slave and Poems on Various Subjects Religious and Moral BIOGRAPHY A native of West Africa, Phillis Wheatley was kidnapped at the age of seven and sold to John Wheatley, a Boston tailor in 1761. Although she did not attend school, she received her education from Mrs. Wheatley. According to John Wheatley, Phillis learned to read English in only sixteen months. Just four years later, Phillis also had become a proficient writer, addressing a letter to the Reverend Mr. Occom. She also learned Latin and began publishing poetry with "On Messrs. Hussey and Coffin" in 1767. Three years later, her poem "On the Death of the Rev. Mr. George Whitefield, 1770" had a broad circulation in England and in such northern cities as Boston, Newport, and Philadelphia. While traveling to England as part of her treatment for severe asthma, Phillis Wheatley identified a publisher for her first book of verse, entitled

23. Heath Anthology Of American Literature 4/e Phillis Wheatley - Author Page Textbook Site for The Heath Anthology of American Literature, FourthEdition Paul Lauter, General Editor. Phillis Wheatley (17531784) http://college.hmco.com/english/lauter/heath/4e/students/author_pages/eighteenth

Site Orientation Heath Orientation Timeline Access Author Profile Pages by: Fourth Edition Table of Contents Concise Edition Table of Contents Authors by Name Authors by Year ... Internet Research Guide Textbook Site for: The Heath Anthology of American Literature , Fourth Edition Paul Lauter, General Editor Phillis Wheatley Known best for her Christian verses reflecting orthodox piety, Phillis Wheatley (Peters) in fact wrote on a wide variety of topics. A kidnapped African slave child, aged about seven years old, she was sold from the South Market in Boston to well-to-do Susanna Wheatley. She was raised in a pious Christian household, and the precocious child evidently experienced special, much-indulged comfort and only token slavery. (Phillis Wheatley was manumitted by October 18, 1773.) Tutored by family members, she quickly learned English, Latin, and the Bible, and she began writing in 1765, four years after arriving in Boston harbor. She wrote to Reverend Samson Occom, a converted Christian Mohican Indian minister, and she sent a poem to Reverend Joseph Sewall of Boston’s Old South Church. Both this letter and poem are not extant, but a poem from this early period remains: in 1767, when she was about thirteen or fourteen years old, Phillis Wheatley published her first verses in a Newport, Rhode Island, newspaper. By 1772 she had composed enough poems to advertise twenty-eight of them in The Boston Censor for February 29, March 14, and April 11. She hoped to publish a volume of her poems that year in Boston.

24. An Elegy, Sacred To The Memory Of The Great Divine, The Reverend And Learned Dr. Wheatley, Phillis, 17531784. An elegy, sacred to the memory of thegreat divine, the Reverend and learned Dr. Samuel Cooper, who http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/WheCoop.html

Wheatley, Phillis, 1753-1784. An elegy, sacred to the memory of the great divine, the Reverend and learned Dr. Samuel Cooper, who departed this life December 29, 1783, aetatis 59. by Phillis Peters. Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library The entire work 10 KB Table of Contents for this work All on-line databases Etext Center Homepage Header ... Section

25. An Elegy, Sacred To The Memory Of The Great Divine, The Reverend And Learned Dr. Wheatley, Phillis, 17531784. Creation of machine-readable version Readex adivision of NewsBank Inc. by Phillis Peters. Wheatley, Phillis, 1753-1784. http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/readex/18726.html

About the electronic version An elegy, sacred to the memory of the great divine, the Reverend and learned Dr. Samuel Cooper, who departed this life December 29, 1783, aetatis 59. by Phillis Peters. Wheatley, Phillis, 1753-1784. Creation of machine-readable version: Readex a division of NewsBank Inc. Available commercially from: NewsBank Documentary Sources Database. American Multiculturalism Series. Unit One. Documenting the African American Experience. About the print version An elegy, sacred to the memory of the great divine, the Reverend and learned Dr. Samuel Cooper, who departed this life December 29, 1783, aetatis 59. by Phillis Peters. Wheatley, Phillis, 1753-1784. Signatures: [A]4 (vertical chain lines). Printed and sold by E. Russell, in Essex-Street, near Liberty-Pole. Boston: 1784 Early American Imprints, 1st series, no. 18726 (filmed) [Note: "Words for a funeral anthem ... set to musick by Mr. Billings. And performed at the funeral of the Reverend Dr. Samuel Cooper, on Friday, January 2, 1784." p. [7]-8.] Prepared by TextBase in consultation with David Seaman, University of Virginia Library Electronic Text Center

26. American Passages - Unit 4. Spirit Of Nationalism: Authors Authors Phillis Wheatley (c. 17531784) 7388 Scipio Moorhead,Phillis Wheatley, Negro Servant to Mr. John Wheatley of Boston http://www.learner.org/amerpass/unit04/authors-10.html

Home Channel Video Catalog About Us ... Contact Us Select a Different Unit 1. Native Voices 2. Exploring Borderlands 3. Utopian Promise 4. Spirit of Nationalism 5. Masculine Heroes 6. Gothic Undercurrents 7. Slavery and Freedom 8. Regional Realism 9. Social Realism 10. Rhythms in Poetry 11. Modernist Portraits 12. Migrant Struggle 13. Southern Renaissance 14. Becoming Visible 15. Poetry of Liberation 16. Search for Identity Spirit of Nationalism Unit Overview Using the Video Authors ... Activities Authors: Phillis Wheatley (c. 1753-1784) ] Scipio Moorhead, Phillis Wheatley, Negro Servant to Mr. John Wheatley of Boston (1773), courtesy of the Library of Congress [LC-USZC4-5316]. Phillis Wheatley Activities This link leads to artifacts, teaching tips and discussion questions for this author. In 1767, at the age of thirteen or fourteen, Phillis Wheatley published her first poem in The Mercury , a Newport, Rhode Island, newspaper. Three years later she composed an elegy on the death of the Reverend George Whitefield, the popular itinerant minister who had spread evangelical Christianity throughout the colonies. Published first in The Massachusetts Spy and eventually appearing in broadside and pamphlet form in New York, Philadelphia, Newport, and London, Wheatley's elegy for Whitefield brought her international recognition. Because her poetry was published as the work of "a Servant Girl . . . Belonging to Mr. J. Wheatley of Boston: And has been but 9 Years in this Country from Africa," Phillis's readers knew that she was an African American slave. By 1772, she had compiled a collection of twenty-eight poems that she hoped to publish as a book. Unfortunately, Wheatley's advertisements in the Boston newspapers seeking subscribers to help finance her proposed book yielded few patrons. With the help of Susannah Wheatley and the patronage of the Countess of Huntingdon, she then traveled to England, where her book

27. Phillis Wheatley http//voices.cla.umn.edu/authors/PhillisWheatley.html; Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784)- Information page on the author on the PAL Perspectives in American http://www.nebulasearch.com/encyclopedia/article/Phillis_Wheatley.html

NebulaSearch Home NebulaSearch Encyclopedia Top Phillis Wheatley Main Index Phillis Wheatley NebulaSearch article for Phillis Wheatley Phillis Wheatley ; also spelled Phylis Wheatley ) was born in Senegal in Africa, but was captured and sold into slavery at a young age. Around 1760 she was purchased by the Wheately family of Boston , and was in fact practically adopted by the family which owned her. She was given a fairly extensive home education, including Latin, Greek, and Biblical studies. She became a very accomplished poet, with her first poem published when she was only 13. In she wrote a poetic tribute on the death of the calvinist George Whitefield that received widespread acclaim in Boston. In she was examined by a group of Boston luminaries including John Erving , Rev. Charles Chauncey John Hancock Thomas Hutchinson , the governor of Massachusetts, and his Leiutenant Governer Andrew Oliver . They concluded that she had in fact written the poems ascribed to her and signed an attestation which was published in the preface to her book Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral

28. Phillis Wheatley, Early, American, Literature Phillis Wheatley (17531784) Information page on the author on the PAL Perspectivesin American Literature A Research and Reference Guide website. http://www.art-5.com/literature/world_literature/american/early/phillis_wheatley

Phillis Wheatley, Early, American, Literature Art Literature World Literature American ... Phillis Wheatley Works Phillis Wheatley: Precursor of American Abolitionism Short biography. Memoir and Poems of Phillis Wheatley A book by Margaretta Matilda Odell, published in 1834. Full text is available online in HTML or TEI. Voices From the Gaps: Phillis Wheatley Brief biography, poem, links and related sources. Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784) Information page on the author on the PAL: Perspectives in American Literature: A Research and Reference Guide website. A Voice of Her Own Brief biography with images of her works.

29. Phillis Wheatley, 1753-1784. Memoir And Poems Of Phillis Wheatley Phillis Wheatley, 17531784 Memoir and Poems of Phillis Wheatley, a NativeAfrican and a Slave. Dedicated to the Friends of the Africans. http://docsouth.dsi.internet2.edu/neh/wheatley/menu.html

30. Phillis Wheatley, 1753-1784. Margaretta Matilda Odell. Memoir And and a Slave. Dedicated to the Friends of the Africans ElectronicEdition. Wheatley, Phillis, 17531784. Odell, Margaretta Matilda. http://docsouth.dsi.internet2.edu/neh/wheatley/wheatley.html

31. Wheatley, Phillis. Wheatley, Phillis, 17531784. ca. 137 kilobytes. The New York Public Library. Poemson various subjects, religious and moral. Wheatley, Phillis, 1753-1784. A. Bell. http://digilib.nypl.org/dynaweb/digs/wwm9728/@Generic__BookTextView

Poems Expand Search Wheatley, Phillis. Poems About the electronic edition: Poems on various subjects, religious and moral: a machine-readable transcription Wheatley, Phillis, 1753-1784 ca. 137 kilobytes The New York Public Library. New York, N.Y. About the print source: Poems on various subjects, religious and moral Wheatley, Phillis, 1753-1784 A. Bell London Prepared as part of The Digital Schomburg, a project providing electronic access to collections on the African Diaspora and Africa from The New York Public Library. All quotation marks retained as data. All unambiguous end-of-line hyphens have been removed, and the trailing part of a word has been joined to the preceding line. The images exist as archived TIFF images, and one or more JPEG versions for general use.

32. HOBA - Phillis Wheatley Phillis Wheatley Poet 17531784. Listen to narrative (need RealPlayer- free download). A young girl believed to be between the ages http://www.bridgew.edu/HOBA/Inductees/Wheatley.htm

Phillis Wheatley Poet Listen to narrative (need RealPlayer - free download A young girl believed to be between the ages of six and eight came to America aboard a slave ship in 1761. This young girl, Phillis Wheatley, was believed to have come from Ethiopia or Senegal, West Africa, and left a substantial mark on American history. She was to overcome the inhumane institution of slavery to become one of this country's greatest poets and the first black American woman to publish a book. Luckily for Phillis Wheatley she was purchased by John Wheatley, a wealthy merchant tailor, for his wife Susannah. Once in the Wheatley home, Phillis was treated as a daughter and assigned chores relative to the status of a lady. Phillis exhibited an astounding ability to learn and in just sixteen months she mastered the English language. At the age of 14, she began to write poetry and quickly gained the attention of the most distinguished Bostonians. In 1770, only nine years after her arrival to this country, she published her poem, "On the Death of the Rev. Mr. George Whitefield", which gained the attention of the Countess of Huntington in England. Three years later, Phillis visited England and before she left, the Countess arranged to have a volume of her poems published. In 1773, the first book of poems by an American black woman was published

33. Poetry Today Online : Classic Poets: Phillis Wheatley Phillis Wheatley (17531784). In 1753, a young girl was born in WestAfrica unbeknownst of what fate had laid before her. Seven years http://poetrytodayonline.com/APRcp.html

April 1998 Phillis Wheatley In 1753, a young girl was born in West Africa unbeknownst of what fate had laid before her. Seven years later she was kidnapped in the Senegal-Gambia region when she was about seven years old. Being so young of age she could not be sold as a slave in the West Indies or the southern colonies, she was transported to Boston where she was bought by John Wheatley, a prominent and rich merchant, in 1761. Being so young and thin she was assigned as a domestic servant to Mrs. Susannah Wheatley who immediately took pity on her. It was thus this young malnourished girl was given the Christian name Phillis Wheatley. Wheatley's first poem, 'On Messrs. Hussey and Coffin,' published in 1767, was a religious piece about two sailors who narrowly escaped drowning; its theme was that through the will of God alone the sailors survived. Over the next five years Wheatley accumulated about 30 poems which her master, John Wheatley, tried to help her publish as a book. This project was hampered by the skepticism of publishers, who did not believe that an African-American was capable of producing such correct and conventional verses. To dispel rumors of dishonesty, Wheatley took the extraordinary step of allowing herself to be examined by a committee of Boston's leading dignitaries, including the Governor and several eminent ministers, and they wrote a testimonial stating that they had examined her and believed that she really was the author of the poems concerned. Her book Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral was published in 1773. She was twenty years old.

34. Phillis Wheatley The Schomberg Center / NYPL. Phillis Wheatley (c.17531784). Read therest of Wheatley s Biographical Sketch from Media House International http://authors.aalbc.com/phyllis.htm

Up More Authors Children Book Authors Cartoonists ... The Schomberg Center / NYPL Phillis Wheatley (c.1753-1784) Read the rest of Wheatley's Biographical Sketch from Media House International at: http://www.forerunner.com/forerunner/X0214_Phillis_Wheatley.html Born in 1753 in Africa, Phillis Wheatley was kidnapped and sold at a slave auction at age seven to a prosperous Boston family who educated her and treated her as a family member. Rescued from an otherwise hopeless situation by the sympathies of the Wheatley family, Phillis learned English with remarkable speed, and, although she never attended a formal school, she also learned Greek and Latin. Phillis Wheatley received her freedom and married a free black man in 1778 but, despite her skills, was never able to support her family. Although she died in complete poverty, subsequent generations would pick up where she left off. Wheatley was the first black writer of consequence in America; and her life was an inspiring example to future generations of African-Americans. In the 1830s, abolitionists reprinted her poetry and the powerful ideas contained in her deeply moving verse stood against the institution of slavery. To the students at the University of Cambridge in New England (Harvard), she wrote:

35. Learning Commons - What Is Culture? - Glossary Item - Phillis Wheatley Wheatley, Phillis. Africanborn Phillis Wheatley (~1753-1784) was broughtto the US as a slave in the ownership of a merchant named John Wheatley. http://www.wsu.edu:8001/vcwsu/commons/topics/culture/glossary/wheatley.html

Wheatley, Phillis African-born Phillis Wheatley (~1753-1784) was brought to the U.S. as a slave in the ownership of a merchant named John Wheatley. Although it was unusual for slaves to be educated, Wheatley studied British literature and Latin at an early age and began writing herself at age 13. Although her work was appreciated by contemporary readers, it is only recently that Wheatley has begun to receive recognition in the academy as a central figure in 18th century U.S. literary history. use your browser's "back" function to return to the text browse glossary index

36. The San Antonio College LitWeb Phillis Wheatley Page The Phillis Wheatley Page. ( c. 17531784 ). Phillis Wheatley s Poems on VariousSubjects ( London, 1773 ) was the first published book by an African-American. http://www.accd.edu/sac/english/bailey/wheatley.htm

The Phillis Wheatley Page ( c. 1753-1784 ) Phillis Wheatley's Poems on Various Subjects ( London, 1773 ) was the first published book by an African-American. See The Collected Works of Phillis Wheatley . Edited by John Shields. Oxford, 1988. On-line Poems on Various Subjects Poems by Phillis Wheatley About Phillis Wheatley Phillis Wheatley from D. Campbell. Phillis Wheatley From Documenting the South. Phillis Wheatley From Voices from the Gaps. Hypertext Versions of Wheatley's poems. Back to African American Literature Back to American Women Writers Back to American Literature I

37. PHILLIS WHEATLEY 1753-1784 Great Books Poetry Classics Phillis Wheatley 17531784 Great Books Poetry Classics Phillis Wheatley 1753-1784sails aboard The Jolly Roger Nantuckets.comBusinessPhilosophy.com http://jollyroger.com/x1/po/PHILLISWHEATLEY1753-1784greatbooksclassics/PHILLISWH

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38. 1753-1784 Poetry Great Books Treasure Chest (PHILLIS WHEATLEY ) 17531784 Poetry Great Books Treasure Chest Phillis Wheatley sails aboard TheJolly Roger JollyRoger.com Greeting CardsJollyRoger So ye seek 1753-1784! http://jollyroger.com/poetry/PHILLISWHEATLEYbooks/1753-1784books.html

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40. Phillis Wheatley: From Slave To Scholar, Author, And Abolitionist Phillis Wheatley circa 17531784. Though arriving in the American coloniesas a slave, Phillis Wheatley wrote the first book published http://www.blackhistoryreview.com/biography/PWheatley.php

B LACK H ISTORY R EVIEW Honoring African-American Achievement Black History Review Home Black Biographies Books on History Teachers' Resources for African-American Studies ... Black Commentators Phillis Wheatley circa 1753-1784 Though arriving in the American colonies as a slave, Phillis Wheatley wrote the first book published by an American black and the second written by a woman in North America. John and Susannah Wheatley never knew where the frail little African girl with the missing front teeth came from, but it may have been Senegal. Looking for kitchen help, Mrs. Wheatley, instead, bought the sickly little girl, in the slave market. In the Wheatley household Phillis helped with the kitchen work, but she learned from Mary Wheatley, the Wheatley's daughter, reading, writing, math, Latin, embroidery, and mimicry as well. With the Wheatleys' encouragement to use their library, she became an avid reader who read through the Bible and enjoyed the Greek and Latin classics at twelve years old. Her favorite poets were John Milton, Thomas Gray, and Alexander Pope. She attended church with the family and sat with them in their pew. At thirteen she wrote her first poem about Harvard College and another celebrating King George's repeal of the hated Stamp Act. Emulating the poets she admired, she wrote in heroic couplets numerous elegies, poems about Christian salvation, and some that touched on slavery. The first black writer to openly touch on slavery, she is considered a precursor to the abolitionists.

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