21. Reader's Companion To American History - -WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. (18561915), educator landscape of the most anguished era of American race relations(1895-1915) strode the self-assured and influential Booker T. Washington. http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_090700_washingtonbo.htm

Entries Publication Data Advisory Board Contributors ... World Civilizations The Reader's Companion to American History WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. , educator. Across the landscape of the most anguished era of American race relations (1895-1915) strode the self-assured and influential Booker T. Washington. The foremost black educator, power broker, and institution builder of his time, Washington in 1881 founded Tuskegee Institute, a black school in Alabama devoted to industrial and moral education and to the training of public school teachers. From his southern small-town base, he created a national political network of schools, newspapers, and the National Negro Business League (founded in 1901). In response to the age of Jim Crow, Washington offered the doctrine of accommodation, acquiescing in social and political inequality for blacks while training them for economic self-determination in the industrial arts. Born a slave on a small farm in western Virginia, Washington was nine years old when the Civil War ended. His humble but stern rearing included his working in a salt furnace when he was ten and serving as a houseboy for a white family where he first learned the virtues of frugality, cleanliness, and personal morality. Washington was educated at Hampton Institute, one of the earliest freedmen's schools devoted to industrial education; Hampton was the model upon which he based his institute in Tuskegee. Growing up during Reconstruction and imbued with moral as opposed to intellectual training, he came to believe that postwar social uplift had begun at the wrong end: the acquisition of political and civil rights rather than economic self-determination.

22. Heath Anthology Of American Literature 4/e Booker T. Washington - Author Page Textbook Site for The Heath Anthology of American Literature, Fourth EditionPaul Lauter, General Editor. Booker T. Washington (18561915) http://college.hmco.com/english/lauter/heath/4e/students/author_pages/modern/was

Site Orientation Heath Orientation Timeline Access Author Profile Pages by: Fourth Edition Table of Contents Concise Edition Table of Contents Authors by Name Authors by Year ... Internet Research Guide Textbook Site for: The Heath Anthology of American Literature , Fourth Edition Paul Lauter, General Editor Booker T. Washington Booker Taliaferro Washington’s life and most important literary work embodied the American myth of the poor boy who pulls himself up by his own bootstraps to become a success. As he wrote in his autobiography, Up from Slavery, he was born a slave in Franklin County, Virginia, “in the midst of the most miserable, desolate, and discouraging surroundings.” He received no help from his white father, whose identity has never been ascertained. It was his mother, Jane, the cook for a small planter named James Burroughs, who taught young Booker his survival lessons. Booker (he did not take the name Washington until he began to attend school) spent his first nine years as a slave on the Burroughs farm. When the Civil War ended, his mother took him and his three siblings to Malden, West Virginia, to join her husband, Washington Ferguson, a former slave who had found employment in the salt mines. Booker soon went to work at a salt furnace; by the time he was twelve years old, he had seen considerable dangerous work in the Malden coal mines. Nevertheless the boy had his dream—he wanted to go to school. From 1881 until his death Washington concentrated on three goals: (1) the creation and maintenance of Tuskegee Institute as a major black-run educational institution, (2) the advancement of his own power as a national racial leader, and (3) the publicizing and defense of his philosophy of African American education and socioeconomic progress. With a modest tone, Washington provides considerable evidence of the lofty status he attained in the eyes of powerful whites. The text of his most famous address, which he gave at the opening of the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta, is followed by a letter from President Grover Cleveland congratulating him on the wisdom of his ideas about how to solve America’s race problem. Without expounding these ideas systematically in his autobiography, Washington makes

23. Booker T. Washington Booker Taliaferro Washington (18561915), African American educator and racial leader,founded he already had a last name, he became Booker T. Washington. http://www.africawithin.com/bios/booker/booker_bio1.htm

Booker Taliaferro Washington Narrative Essay Booker Taliaferro Washington (1856-1915), African American educator and racial leader, founded Tuskegee Institute for black students. His " Atlanta Compromise " speech made him America's major black leader for 20 years. Booker Taliaferro (the Washington was added later) was born a slave in Franklin County, Va., on April 5, 1856. His mother was the plantation's cook. His father, a local white man, took no responsibility for him. His mother married another slave, who escaped to West Virginia during the Civil War. She and her three children were liberated by a Union army in 1865 and, after the war, joined her husband. Growing Up Black The stepfather put the boys to work in the salt mines in Malden, West Virginia. Booker eagerly asked for education, but his stepfather conceded only when Booker agreed to toil in the mines mornings and evenings to make up for earnings lost while in school. He had known only his first name, but when pupils responded to roll call with two names, Booker desperately added a famous name, becoming Booker Washington. Learning from his mother that he already had a last name, he became Booker T. Washington. Overhearing talk about a black college in Hampton, Va., Washington longed to go. Meanwhile, as houseboy for the owner of the coal mines and saltworks, he developed scrupulous work habits. In 1872 he set out for Hampton Institute. When his money gave out, he worked at odd jobs. Sleeping under wooden sidewalks, begging rides, and walking, he traveled the remaining 80 miles and, bedraggled and penniless, asked for admission and assistance. After Hampton officials tested him by having him clean a room, he was admitted and given work as a janitor.

24. MSN Encarta - Washington, Booker T(aliaferro) Washington, Booker T(aliaferro) (18561915), American educator, who urged blacksto attempt to uplift themselves through educational attainments and economic http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570179/Washington_Booker_T(aliaferro).htm

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items African Americans in the Progressive era Booker T. Washington’s Atlanta Speech more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Editors' Picks Washington, Booker T(aliaferro) News Search MSNBC for news about Washington, Booker T(aliaferro) Internet Search Search Encarta about Washington, Booker T(aliaferro) Search MSN for Web sites about Washington, Booker T(aliaferro) Also on Encarta Editor's picks: Good books about Iraq Compare top online degrees What's so funny? The history of humor Also on MSN Summer shopping: From grills to home decor D-Day remembered on Discovery Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement document.write('');

25. Creative Quotations From Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) Creative Quotations from . . . Booker T. Washington (18561915) bornon Apr 3 US educator, social reformer. He established Tuskegee http://www.creativequotations.com/one/40.htm

CQHome Search CQ CQ Indexes CQ E-books ... creative Creative Quotations from . . . Booker T. Washington 1856-1915) born on Apr 3 US educator, social reformer. He established Tuskegee Institute, 1881 and wrote his autobiography "Up From Slavery," 1901. Search millions of documents for Booker T. Washington Creative Hats Tshirts African Cichlids No man, who continues to add something to the material, intellectual and moral well-being of the place in which he lives, is left long without proper reward. No race can prosper till it learns there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem. We shall prosper as we learn to do the common things of life in an uncommon way. Let down your buckets where you are. I have learned that success is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome while trying to succeed. You can't hold a man down without staying down with him. Published Sources for Quotations Above: F: In "Instant Quotation Dictionary," by Donald O. Bolander, 1979. R: Address, 18 Sep 1895, Atlanta Exposition.

26. Browse Top Level > Texts > Project Gutenberg > Authors > W > Washington, Booker text. Author Washington, Booker T., 18561915 Keywords Authors WWashington, Booker T., 1856-1915; Titles U ; Subject Gypsies. http://www.archive.org/texts/textslisting-browse.php?collection=gutenberg&cat=Au

27. EN232, Washington, Dr. O'Conner longman.awl.com/history/primarysource_17_6.html University of North Carolina atChapel Hill Libraries’ “Booker T. Washington 18561915, Educator” http http://www.millikin.edu/aci/crow/chronology/washingtonbio.html

Booker Taliaffero Washington (1856-1915) Compiled by Sarah B. Peters, Millikin University Booker T. Washington was an outstanding African-American educator, leader and spokesman for the black community. He was an advocate stressing the importance for African-Americans to be educated and become economically self-reliant in order for the black community to advance. Often considered the “Moses of his race,” Washington went on to be an influential politician delivering his controversial Atlanta Compromise and became a founder of the Tuskegee Institute and the National Negro Business League. 1856 born April 5 in Franklin County, Virginia 1862 September 22 Lincoln issued The Emancipation Proclamation 1865 Civil War ended and Washington moved to Malden, West Virginia with his family to pack salt 1872-1875 (at age sixteen) he journeyed to and attended the newly founded Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute (now Hampton University) Late 1870s taught for three years in Tinkersville, West Virginia 1878 left to attend Wayland Seminary in Washington DC (quit after six months) 1879 returned to Hampton Institute to teach 1881 offered position of principal of the new Tuskegee Institute in Alabama 1881-1915 headed the Tuskegee Normal School (in 1937 became the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute) 1895 September 18 delivered his controversial speech "The Atlanta Compromise," urging blacks to accept their inferior status and to advance themselves through education and economic improvement

28. African American Journey: Washington, Booker T. Washington, Booker T. Booker T. Washington (18561915) was the most influentialblack leader and educator of his time in the United States. http://www2.worldbook.com/features/aajourney/html/bh065.html

Early life Educator Racial leader Washington, Booker T. Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) was the most influential black leader and educator of his time in the United States. He became prominent largely because of his role as founder and head of Tuskegee Institute, a vocational school for blacks in Tuskegee, Ala. Washington advised two Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Tafton racial problems and policies. He also influenced the appointment of several blacks to federal office, especially during Roosevelt's Administration. Washington described his rise from slavery to national prominence as an educator in his best-selling autobiography, Up from Slavery Library of Congress Early life. Booker Taliaferro Washington was born a slave in Hales Ford, Virginia, near Roanoke. After the U.S. government freed all slaves in 1865, his family moved to Malden, West Virginia. There, Washington worked in coal mines and salt furnaces. From 1872 to 1875, he attended the Hampton Institute, an industrial school for blacks in Hampton, Virginia. He became a teacher at the institute in 1879. Washington based many of his educational theories on his training at Hampton. Educator.

29. Project Gutenberg Titles By Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915 Project Gutenberg Titles by. Washington, Booker T., 18561915. UpFrom Slavery. You can also look up this author on The Online Books http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/gutbook/author?name=Washington, Book

30. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON Booker T. Washington Brief Biography. Booker T. Washington 1856-1915, Educator.Booker T. Washington, 1856-1915. Booker T. Washington National Monument. http://www.coax.net/people/lwf/bt_wash.htm

A Tribute to ..... BOOKER T. WASHINGTON Compiled by Bennie J. McRae, Jr. SPECIAL BOOKER T. WASHINGTON GRANDDAUGHTERS AND RUFFNER DESCENDANTS IN HISTORICAL MEETING UP FROM SLAVERY: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY - by Booker T. Washington BOOKER T. WASHINGTON - Educator Booker T. Washington - Texts and Archives Booker T. Washington - Brief Biography Booker T. Washington 1856-1915, Educator Booker T. Washington, 1856-1915 Booker T. Washington National Monument Booker T. Washington as Ambassador and Spokesman Booker T. Washington, "Industrial Education for the Negro," - September 1903 Booker T. Washington: The Trumpet of Conciliation Booker T. Washington - Address to the Country Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) Booker T. Washington Monument Booker T. Washington and the Tuskegee Institute Send comments or questions to: LWF COMMUNICATIONS P.O. Box 26148 Trotwood, Ohio 45426-0148 E-mail: lwf@coax.net Back to Lest We Forget Home Page This site developed and maintained with assistance from COAX-NET Internet Services Please send comments or questions to: netmgr@coax.net

31. Pathfinder For Ida B. Wells, Booker T. Washington. WEB Dubois Booker T Washington (18561915) Speech at the Atlanta Exposition, 1895.Use What You Have Booker T. Washington. Booker T. Washington, 1856-1915. http://www.mcps.k12.md.us/schools/wjhs/mediactr/socstupathfinder/usdebate/

WJHS Pathfinder for U. S. History DEBATE: The Views of Ida B. Wells, Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois Ida B. Wells Booker T. Washington W.E.B. DuBois Picture Source: GaleNet DISCovering Biography Assignment Topics Searching the Shelves Learning Research ... Internet Sites Assignment We will be having a debate in class this Thursday, February 17, 2000, on what should be done for African Americans with growing racial inequality in the United States. You will take on the persona of one of the following people: W.E.B. DuBois Booker T. Washington Ida B. Wells In order to successfully argue in this class debate, you will research about what this person believes about certain issues. No matter who you are assigned to research, you need to answer the following questions. 1. How important is education to African Americans according to this person? What kind of education should African Americans get according to this person? 2. What methods does this person advocate to better the situation for African Americans?

32. Alabama Hall Of Fame: Booker Taliaferro Washington 18561915 Educator. Booker T. Washington was born in a rude slave cabinin Virginia and weaned in the salt mills and coal mines. http://www.archives.state.al.us/famous/b_wash.html

Booker Taliaferro Washington Educator Founder of Tuskegee Institute. Throughout his adult life he instructed African-Americans in citizenship and worked to improve their economic position through education and vocational training. Booker T. Washington was born in a rude slave cabin in Virginia and weaned in the salt mills and coal mines. He had an insatiable hunger for knowledge that led him to memorize a worn copy of a spelling book and, later, to establish Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute. From its opening in 1881, with 30 students in an old church and a dilapidated building, until the present day, the world-renown Tuskegee Institute has been guided by the principles of its distinguished founder. Washington learned the value of industrial education at Hampton Institute, which he used as a model in the building of Tuskegee. He taught his students the dignity and the beauty of labor and that learning a trade was more necessary sometimes than the study of Greek and Latin verbs. "It is at the bottom of life we must begin," he told his students, "and not at the top." At the time of its founder's death in 1915, the Institute had more than 1500 students, almost 200 teachers, more than 100 buildings and thousands of loyal alumni. In his trips through the North and South to raise money for Tuskegee, Booker T. Washington attained considerable fame as a public speaker and as a spokesman for African-Americans; a role not sought, but richly deserved.

33. American Experience | Marcus Garvey | People & Events People Events Booker T. Washington, 18561915 Booker T. Washington was one ofthe most powerful African Americans at the turn of the twentieth century. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/garvey/peopleevents/p_washington.html

Booker T. Washington was one of the most powerful African Americans at the turn of the twentieth century. Born a slave in Hale's Ford, Virginia, the son of a white man who did not acknowledge him and a slave woman named Jane (Burroughs) who later married a fellow slave, Booker T. Washington became a leader in black education, and a strong influence as a racial representative in national politics. Washington learned to read and write in the late 1860s at a primary school overseen by the Freedmen's Bureau and in 1872 became a student at the Hampton Institute inVirginia, where he excelled. He was teaching at Hampton in 1881 when he was invited to become the first principal of the newly-founded Tuskegee Institute, a school for African Americans in Tuskegee, Alabama. At Tuskegee, Washington developed a vocational curriculum that emphasized carpentry, printing, tinsmithing, and shoemaking. Girls also took classes in cooking and sewing, and boys studied farming methods. All students received instruction in manners, hygiene, and character. Washington was known as a racial accommodationist. He rejected the pursuit of political and social equality with whites in favor of developing vocational skills and a reputation for stability and dependability. In a famous 1895 Atlanta address, Washington urged African Americans to "cast down your buckets where you are," that is, to remain in the Jim Crow South and tolerate racial discrimination rather than make what he considered intemperate calls for equality. "In all things that are purely social," he said, blacks and whites "can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress."

34. Booker T. Washington - Biography, Works, And Message Board Booker T. Washington. Booker T(aliaferro) Washington (18561915) was themost influential spokesman for black Americans between 1895-1915. http://www.knowledgerush.com/kr/jsp/db/biography.jsp?authorId=225&authorName=Boo

35. IPac2.0 You re searching Vancouver Public Library. Search Results. Browsing results matchingWashington, Booker T., 18561915. Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915. 8. http://ipac.vpl.ca/ipac20/ipac.jsp?index=SUBJECT&term=Washington, Booker T., 185

36. About Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) Booker T. Washington. 18561915, Educator. Booker Taliaferro Washington wasthe foremost black educator of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. http://docsouth.dsi.internet2.edu/washington/about.html

37. African American Reformers Booker T. Washington. (18561915), American educator, who urged blacks to attemptto uplift themselves through educational attainments and economic advancement. http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/Lesson_71_Handout_AAReformers.htm

African Americans at the Turn of the Century As America entered the turn of the century much attention was given to the plight of those living in the industrial north. Writers, photographers and journalists exposed the dark side of industrial urbanism. These activists, called muckrakers by President Theodore Roosevelt, were the warriors in a battle to reform America. These efforts at reform met with great success. From 1900 to 1917 America experienced great political and social reform. From the leadership of Presidents like Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson and Governors such as Robert LaFollette of Wisconsin to private citizens like Jane Addams. The spirit of progress swept through America. But it did not sweep south. The Progressive Movement was centered in northern industrial cities and the problems inherent in that environment. The problems of African Americans, known then as Negroes, seemed distant. African Americans toiled in the darkness of discrimination while white America looked on. The Supreme Court, given the opportunity to address the evils of Jim Crow failed to do so. Plessy v Ferguson, established "separate but equal" as the legal precedent thus ensuring years of de Juris segregation. Attempting to escape the discrimination of the south many African American migrated north. Segregation, de Juris and de facto followed them. "Negro" and "Colored" schools and neighborhoods created a system of continuing discrimination and in opportunity. Clearly the progressives did not include the Negro in their plight.

38. LII - Results For "washington, Booker T., 1856-1915" http//www.historycooperative.org/btw/ Subjects Washington, Booker T., 18561915 African American educators People Full-text Created by smb - last http://www.lii.org/advanced?searchtype=subject;query=Washington, Booker T., 1856

39. Learning To Give - Quotation Database Great men cultivate love only little men cherish a spirit of hatred Washington,Booker T. AfricanAmerican Leader and Educator (1856-1915) -More quotes http://learningtogive.org/search/quotes/Display_Quotes.asp?author_id=624&search_

40. Booker Taliaferro Washinton (1856-1915) Booker Taliaferro Washington (18561915 Also note that Washington is trying to builda source of black unless he makes his work seem apolitical (when it isn t). http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/bassr/heath/syllabuild/iguide/washingt.html

Booker Taliaferro Washington (1856-1915) Contributing Editor: William L. Andrews Classroom Issues and Strategies Students typically ask questions like these: Why was Washington such an accommodationist? Why did he seem so ready to accept the values of the dominant culture and political system? Why was he always so restrained and unwilling to say anything to upset the white supremacy status quo? I point out Washington's training at Hampton Institute, where he learned very early what white people wanted and how little could be accomplished without pleasing them. Also note that Washington is trying to build a source of black power in the South and cannot do so unless he makes his work seem apolitical (when it isn't). Consider also these questions: What is the best way for a minority group to advance their own cause when faced with either outright hostility or fear and mistrust? Is Washington's tactic the most effective? What are its costs and advantages? Major Themes, Historical Perspectives, and Personal Issues What is Washington's relationship to Douglass , the leader whose mantle he adopted? What kind of realism is Washington advocating and how does it accord with literary realism? How does Washington fit into the tradition of the Franklinesque self-made man?

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