41. Mars Main Index/Myth And Science Fiction/Early Twentieth Century Early Twentieth Century. Percival Lowell (18551916) Arguably, the mostdevoted observer of Mars from early history was Percival Lowell. http://calspace.ucsd.edu/Mars99/docs/library/myths_and_science_fiction/myths4-ea

Part of the Mars Library Click here for Main Index Early Twentieth Century Percival Lowell (1855-1916): Prolonged examination of the red planet through the eye of a telescope commonly led to eyestrain, and most astronomers turned to cameras around the turn of the century. Yet even the finest photographic plates were so coarsely grained they could not capture the delicate lines of "vegetation-fringed canals" fifty or even hundreds of miles in width. Yet Lowell insisted that the canals did exist. He believed the canals were an intricate web of huge irrigation ditches, carrying water from the melting polar caps to the inhabitants of Mars. He believed the light and dark areas reflected seasonal changes due to crop cultivation, attempting to revive an arid desert world. His theory was motivated by the technological marvels of the Industrial Age: the completion of the 363-mile-long, 40-foot-wide Erie Canal connecting the Great Lakes with the Hudson River, and the 100-mile-long Suez Canal completed in 1869. Edgar Rice Burroughs: From A Princess of Mars (written in 1911, first published hardback in 1917): "I opened my eyes upon a strange and weird landscape. I knew that I was on Mars; not once did I question either my sanity or my wakefulness. I was not asleep, no need for pinching here; my inner consciousness told me as plainly that I was upon Mars as your conscious mind tells you that you are upon Earth. You do not question the fact; neither did I."

42. Lecture 18 Percival Lowell (18551916). Go to History 135C Home Page. Mars (1895), byPercival Lowell (1855-1916). Responses to Percival Lowell s Views on Mars. http://eee.uci.edu/clients/bjbecker/ExploringtheCosmos/lecture18.html

HISTORY 135C Exploring the Cosmos An Introduction to the History of Astronomy SPRING QUARTER, 2003 Department of History University of California, Irvine Instructor: Dr. Barbara J. Becker Lecture 18. Mavericks or Innovators? see themselves as true pioneers—ahead of their time; more attuned to promise of fruitful lines of research describe critics as conservative, foolish, irresponsible, backward thinking couch own work in a selective historical tradition; associate themselves with successful yet misunderstood innovators of the past often have a singular focus which they see as cause with profound implications to all of science Percival Lowell and the Canals of Mars Percival Lowell (1855-1916) Photograph of Mars (above) by E. C. Slipher (1907) Drawing of Mars by Percival Lowell (1895) —> Planetary lines everywhere!! Drawing of lines on Mercury by Percival Lowell (above) Edwin Hubble and the galactic redshift/distance relationship Vesto Slipher (1875-1969) , a member of Percival Lowell's observing team at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, began studying the spectrum of the Andromeda nebula (M31). Slipher found that M31's spectrum exhibits a significant shift in its position toward the blue. According to Doppler's principle, this shift indicates that M31 is moving toward us at the high rate of speed of 300 km/sec.

43. De Negen Planeten : Woordenlijst limb de kleine verlichte sikkel van een hemellichaam. liter één literwater = 1000 cm3. Lowell, Percival 18551916. Amerikaanse astronoom. http://www.infoster.be/negepl/help.html

Verklarende woordenlijst A B C D ... Z A Adams, John Couch Engelse astronoom en wiskundige die op 24jarige leeftijd als eerste, op basis van de zwaartekrachtwetten van Newton, een planeet buiten de baan van Uranus voorspelde. Nadat Galle het bestaan van Neptunus bevestigde op basis van berekeningen van Le Verrier , ontstond er een zware discussie omtrent wie de ontdekker van Uranus was. ( 4k jpg albedo het percentage licht dat door een bepaald object weerkaatst wordt. Een wit lichaam straalt alle licht terug en heeft een albedo van 1,0 terwijl een zwart lichaam alle straling opslorpt en een albedo van 0,0 heeft. albedo karakteristiek Een donkere of lichtgevende plek op een lichaam dat niet van geologische of topografische oorsprong is. antipode punt De plaats die zich aan de oppositiezijde van de planeet bevindt. aphelium de plaats waar een planeet tijdens zijn omloop zich het verst van de zon bevindt. Voor objecten (de maan of kunstsatellieten) die een omloop rond de aarde hebben noemt men dit punt het apogeum . Voor omlopen rond andere lichamen gebruikt men de term apoapsis . Het tegenovergestelde van het aphelium is het perihelium asteroïde nummer asteroïden krijgen een volgnummer wanneer ze ontdekt worden. De nummer heeft geen speciale betekenis en is gewoon oplopend. (zie

44. AIP Niels Bohr Library More by this author. Lowell, Percival, 18551916. Subjects. Lowell Observatory Administration. by author Lowell, Percival, 1855-1916. by title http://libserv.aip.org:81/ipac20/ipac.jsp?uri=full=3100001~!2952~!0&profile=aipn

45. Zoom Astronomy Glossary: L Lowell, Percival Percival Lowell (18551916) was an American astronomer and mathematicianwho founded the Lowell Observatory at Flagstaff, Arizona in 1894. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/glossary/indexl.shtml

EnchantedLearning.com is a user-supported site. As a bonus, site members have access to a banner-ad-free version of the site, with print-friendly pages. Click here to learn more. (Already a member? Click here. Zoom Astronomy Astronomy Dictionary A B C D ... Z Click on an underlined word for more information on that subject. If the astronomy term you are looking for is not in the dictionary, please e-mail us L LAGRANGE POINTS Lagrange points (named for Josef Lagrange, the Italian-French mathematician who discovered them) are a set of five special points that occur between two large objects. At these points, a small orbiting object can orbit at a constant distance from both of the larger masses. This happens because at those five points, the gravitational force of the large objects is exactly equal to the centripetal force required to rotate with the objects. Three of the points are unstable (L , L , and L ) and two are stable(L and L ). Each of the stable Lagrange points forms an equilateral triangle with the two large masses. LAIKA Laika (meaning "barker" in Russian) was the first dog sent into orbit around the Earth. She rode on Sputnik 2, a Russian mission that blasted off on November 3, 1957 (Sputnik 2 was a metal sphere that weighed about 250 pounds = 113 kg). Laika was originally thought to have survived in Earth orbit for four days, dying in space when the batteries to the cabin over-heated. In 2002, it was revealed that Laika died roughly 5 to 7 hours into the flight, from overheating and stress. After orbiting the Earth 2,570 times, Sputnik 2 fell back to Earth on April 14, 1958, burning up during re-entry. Laika was a female mutt who was part Siberian Husky.

46. People In Astronomy However, John Couch Adams had made a similar prediction some monthsearlier. Lowell, Percival 18551916. American astronomer. He http://www.solarviews.com/eng/people.htm

People in Astronomy Index A B C D ... Z Additional Resources The Bruce Medalists A Adams, John Couch English astronomer and mathematician. At the age of 24, Adams was the first person to predict the position of a planetary mass beyond Uranus . After Johann Gottfried Galle confirmed the existence of Neptune based on independent calculations done by Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier , the two became embroiled in a dispute over priority. B Barnard, Edward Emerson American astronomer. Barnard discovered Jupiter 's satellite Amalthea and Barnard's star, the second-nearest star system to the Sun. Bode, Johann German astronomer. He is known for the bogus "Bode's Law" which attempts to explain the sizes of the planetary orbits. Bond, William Cranch American astronomer. One of the earliest American astronomers of note, Bond rose from poverty and overcame a lack of formal education to become the first director of the Harvard College Observatory. At the observatory, he studied Saturn and (with William Lassell ) discovered its moon Hyperion Brahe, Tycho

47. Köpfe Translate this page Dennoch hatte John Couch Adams einige Monate vorher ähnliche Voraussagengemacht. Lowell, Percival 1855-1916. Amerikanischer Astronom. http://www.solarviews.com/germ/people.htm

Index A B C D ... History of Astronomy: Persons A Adams, John Couch Uranus vorhersagte. Nachdem Johann Gottfried Galle die Existenz von Neptun auf Grundlage der Berechnungen von Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier B Barnard, Edward Emerson Amerikanischer Astronom. Barnard entdeckte den Jupiter mond Amalthea Bode, Johann Bond, William Cranch Amerikanischer Astronom. Als einer der ersten amerikanischen Astronomen von Bedeutung entkam Bond der Armut und dem Mangel an formeller Bildung und wurde der erste Direktor des Harvard College Observatory. An diesem Observatorium studierte er Saturn und entdeckte (gemeinsam mit William Lassell ) dessen Mond Hyperion Brahe, Tycho Kepler C Cassini, Giovanni Domenico Saturn monde ( Tethys Dione Rhea und Iapetus D E Einstein, Albert Deutsch-amerikanischer Physiker. Einstein entwickelte die Spezielle und die Allgemeine , die, zusammen mit der Quantenmechanik, die Grundlage der modernen Physik bilden. F Franklin, Benjamin Amerikanischer Beamter, Schriftsteller und Wissenschaftler. Franklin spielte eine der Hauptrollen bei der amerikanischen Revolution und wirkte beim Erstellen der Verfassung mit. Seine zahlreichen wissenschaftlichen und praktischen Erfindungen umfassen den Blitzableiter, den Feldstecher und einen Herd. G Galle, Johann Gottfried

48. Index My Garden Acquaintance Lowell, Percival (18551916) Noto, an UnexploredCorner of Japan The Soul of the Far East Lowndes, Marie http://www.eshunet.com/list1/en3000/titles/index-l.htm

English Classics 3000 L ( Listed by Author ) la Barca, Pedro Calderon de (1600-1681) Life Is A Dream Labriola, Antonio (1843 - 1904) Essays on the Materialist Conception of History Lafayette, Madame de (1634-1693) The Princess de Montpensier The Princess of Cleves Lamb, Charles (1775-1834) and Mary Tales from Shakespeare La Mettrie, Julien Offray de (1709-1751) Man a Machine La Motte-Fouque, Fredrich de (1777-1843) Aslauga's Knight Sintram and His Companions The Two Captains Undine Lamothe-Langon, Etienne Leon, baron de (1786-1864) Memoirs of the Comtesse du Barry Lang, Andrew (1844-1912) Adventures Among Books Alfred Tennyson Angling Sketches The Arabian Nights Entertainments Aucassin and Nicolete Ballads in Blue China and Verses and Translations Ballads Lyrics and Poems of Old France Ban and Arriere Ban Books and Bookmen A Collection of Ballads Essays in Little The Fairy Books: The Blue Fairy Book The Brown Fairy Book The Crimson Fairy Book The Lilac Fairy Book The Orange Fairy Book The Red Fairy Book The Violet Fairy Book The Yellow Fairy Book Grass of Parnassus Helen of Troy How to Fail in Literature Introduction to The Compleat Angler Letters on Literature Letters to Dead Authors The Library A Monk of Fife Myth, Ritual, and Religion

49. Percival Lowell Percival Lowell (18551916). US astronomer who predicted the existence of a planetbeyond Neptune, starting the search that led to the discovery of Pluto 1930. http://astroinfo.port5.com/l/percival_lowell.html

Percival Lowell US astronomer who predicted the existence of a planet beyond Neptune, starting the search that led to the discovery of Pluto 1930. In 1894 he founded the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, where he reported seeing 'canals' (now known to be optical effects and natural formations) on the surface of Mars. Lowell was born in Boston, Massachusetts, and studied mathematics at Harvard. He spent 16 years in business and diplomacy, mainly in the Far East, before taking up astronomy, becoming professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1902. Influenced strongly by the work of Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli, Lowell set up his observatory at Flagstaff originally with the sole intention of confirming the presence of advanced life forms on Mars. He thought he could make out a complex and regular network of canals and regular seasonal variations that to him indicated agricultural activity. He led an expedition to the Chilean Andes in 1907 which produced the first high-quality photographs of the planet. Site Map Category Main Page About Us

50. Return To Mars Percival Lowell Percival Lowell (18551916) used his powerful telescopein Flagstaff to look for proof of alien life on Mars. http://www.azstarnet.com/mars2001/fact.html

/* You may give each page an identifying name, server, and channel on the next lines. */ var pageName="" var server="" var channel="mars" var pageType="static" var pageValue="" var prop1="" var prop2="special_channels" var prop3="sn_mars" var prop4="" var prop5="" var prop6="news" var prop7="local_news" var prop8="" var prop9="" var prop10="mars_2001" /********* INSERT THE DOMAIN AND PATH TO YOUR CODE BELOW ************/ /********** DO NOT ALTER ANYTHING ELSE BELOW THIS LINE! *************/ var s_code=' ' Figures from science and exploration Neil Armstrong Percival Lowell Galileo Figures from popular culture The Jetsons From the movie, Mission to Mars Orson Wells Mythology to Science A Native American Mars Legend Local astronomer and storyteller Gerard Tsonakwa, a member of the Abenaki tribe of Southern Quebec, recounts his tribe's story of Misengwe: "Mars is Misengwe, the Red and Black Mask Being. Red on one side and black on the other, Misengwe sorts out good and evil. This time of year, he hunts Gitaskogak, the Great Serpent, in the southern sky. What my people see as the great serpent, many people call the constellation Scorpius. Misengwe's red side is turned to us this time of year so we can see him, but at other times, he presents his black side and is invisible in the night sky." Early Times Long before telescopes and spaceships, ancient people noticed stars that moved differently through the sky than all the rest. These "wandering stars" were planets and one of them was a rusty-red color that reminded people of fire and blood. The Romans named this small planet after Mars, their god of war. When Mars appeared in the sky, some people thought it was a sign that a terrible war was coming.

51. Amy Lowell’s Word Portrait Of The Library Of Congress Other prominent Lowells include her first cousin, the aristocratic poet James RussellLowell (18191891), her brother Percival (1855-1916), who left his mark http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0101/poem_praise.html

The Library Today America's Library American Memory Exhibitions ... Search the Catalog January 2001 ‘The Congressional Library’ Amy Lowell’s Word Portrait of the Library of Congress BY KURT S. MAIER As the Library’s Bicentennial year draws to a close, the Bulletin takes a look at a poem written in the Library’s honor 78 years ago. In December 1922 the Literary Digest International Book Review published Amy Lowell’s “The Congressional Library.” The poem found no response with readers. Indeed, the only letter to the editor mentioning it was from Lowell herself, who pointed out in the January 1923 issue that the typesetter had transposed pages two and three of her manuscript “to the utter confusion of the poem.” The editor accommodated Lowell by reprinting her work in its correct form. Lowell, far from being the proverbially poor poet, was born in 1874 into a distinguished Massachusetts family and received the best education available to women in the 19th century. Other prominent Lowells include her first cousin, the aristocratic poet James Russell Lowell (1819-1891), her brother Percival (1855-1916), who left his mark as an astronomer, and her cousin-poet Robert Lowell (1917-1977). Until her death in 1925, Amy Lowell was also a noted essayist and biographer. Her first poems had been conventional. But joining the Imagist school of poet Ezra Pound, she soon became one of its leading proponents, together with Hilda Doolittle, William Butler Yeats, Ford Madox Ford, Richard Aldington and John Gould Fletcher.

52. History Of Astronomy: What's New At This Site On July 13, 1999 Kuiper, Gerard Peter (19051973) Very short biography and links.L Lowell, Percival (1855-1916) Percival Lowell s resting place at http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/new/new990713.html

History of Astronomy What's new History of Astronomy: What's new at this site on July 13, 1999 Several URLs have been updated. Welcome / About Site map (complete Table of Contents) updated Citation Index updated Dead Links updated Acknowledgements updated History of astronomy Observatories and other places Birr , Ireland Birr Castle Demesne (Homepage) Persons A Apian [Apianus; Bienewitz; Bennewitz], Peter [Petrus] (1495-1552) Cosmographia: A Close Encounter On Petrus Apianus' Cosmographia (1533), edited and enlarged by Gemma Frisius, and on cosmography in general. Includes short biographies of both authors. G Gemma Frisius, Reiner [Regner, Regnier] (1508-1555) Cosmographia: A Close Encounter On Petrus Apianus' Cosmographia (1533), edited and enlarged by Gemma Frisius, and on cosmography in general. Includes short biographies of both authors. K Kennedy, Alexander Lorimer (1889-?) Very short biographical data and bibliography King, Phillip Parker (1791-1856) Short biography Very short biography Mentions that he had a small [astronomical?] observatory. Kuiper, Gerard Peter (1905-1973)

53. MSN Encarta - Search View - Lowell, Percival Lowell, Percival. Lowell, Percival (18551916), American astronomer,who made significant observations of the planets. He is best http://encarta.msn.com/text_761552043__1/Lowell_Percival.html

Search View Lowell, Percival Article View To find a specific word, name, or topic in this article, select the option in your Web browser for finding within the page. In Internet Explorer, this option is under the Edit menu. The search seeks the exact word or phrase that you type, so if you don’t find your choice, try searching for a key word in your topic or recheck the spelling of a word or name. Lowell, Percival Lowell, Percival (1855-1916), American astronomer, who made significant observations of the planets. He is best known for his belief that there are canals on the surface of Mars and that these canals provide evidence for the existence of intelligent life there. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, and educated at Harvard University, Lowell traveled in Japan and Korea from 1877 until 1893 and later wrote books about East Asia. In 1894 he founded and became director of the Lowell Observatory at Flagstaff, Arizona. From 1902 until his death, he was nonresident professor of astronomy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He predicted the discovery of Pluto, which astronomers first observed in 1930 at the Lowell Observatory. Lowell's writings include Mars and Its Canals Memoir on a Trans-Neptunian Planet (1915), and

54. MSN Encarta - Search Results - Lowell Percival Lowell, Percival (18551916), American astronomer, who made significant observationsof the planets. He is best known for his belief that there are http://encarta.msn.com/Lowell_Percival.html

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55. MSN Encarta - Lowell, Percival Encyclopedia Article, from, Encarta, Lowell, Percival. Lowell, Percival (18551916),American astronomer, who made significant observations of the planets. http://ca.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552043/Lowell_Percival.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: Encarta Enter MSN Encarta Premium Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items predicts discovery of Pluto sister more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Lowell, Percival Internet Search Search Encarta about Lowell, Percival Search MSN for Web sites about Lowell, Percival Also on Encarta Liberia: history, geography, and culture Get more Encarta on MSN Need a break? Dozens of fun quizzes Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Lowell, Percival Lowell, Percival (1855-1916), American astronomer, who made significant observations of the planets. He is best known for his belief that there are canals on the surface of Mars and that these canals provide evidence for the existence of intelligent life there. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, and educated at Harvard University, Lowell traveled in Japan and Korea from 1877 until 1893 and later wrote books about East Asia. In 1894 he founded and became director of the Lowell Observatory at Flagstaff, Arizona. From 1902 until his death, he was nonresident professor of astronomy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He predicted the discovery of Pluto , which astronomers first observed in 1930 at the Lowell Observatory. Lowell's writings include

56. Urkutatas.helyhir.hu :: Ûrkutatás Lowell, Percival (127 szóból áll a szöveg) (8 olvasás) Nyomtathatóváltozat (18551916) Amerikai csillagász. Bostonban született. http://urkutatas.helyhir.hu/modules.php?op=modload&name=Sections&file=index&req=

57. Život U Sunèevom Sustavu - Mars Mapa Marsa kako ju je izradio astronom Schiaparelli. Jedna od najpoznatijih licnostikoja je istraživala Mars, zasigurno je Percival Lowell (18551916). http://n.ethz.ch/student/calogoja/astronomy/zivot/mars.html

"Da nam je doæi na taj novi sviet, ne bi osjeæaj, što nam dušu zaokupi, ni malo bio tudj, jer sve što opažamo, nalik je prizorima u našoj zemaljskoj prirodi. Osjeæamo da smo premješteni na nebesku kruglju, za èudo nalik našoj. Evropski seljak, koga bujica iseljivanja baci na obale Australije, pa se jednog liepog jutra probudi u sasvim nepoznatom predjelu, gdje su stabla, tlo, životinje, godišnja doba, Sunce i Mjesec drugaèiji, ne æe se manje iznenaditi, ne æe se manje tuðim osjeæati od nas, kad stupimo na planet Mars. Kad sa Zemlje stupimo na Mars, toliko je, kao da promienimo stupanj širine na Zemlji." Oton Kuèera, Naše Nebo, 1895 d svih planeta u Sunèevom sustavu Mars je po fizièkim karakteristikama, kao što su temperatura, voda, atmosfera, itd., najslièniji Zemlji. Uz to, on je jedan od bližih planeta, pogodan za promatranje teleskopom. No, nekad èovjek nije raspolagao moænim teleskopima kojima raspolaže danas. Nekadašnji teleskopi bili su prilièno primitivni i to je uvjetovalo brojne zablude poèetkom dvadesetog stoljeæa. Zablude su razriješene tek u kasnijoj eri raketa i svemirskih letjelica, koje su izbliza prouèile Mars. Mapa Marsa kako ju je izradio astronom Schiaparelli Usporedba promatranja Antoniadia (desno) sa promatranjima od Schiaparellija Percival Lowell Rusi su bili prvi koji su poslali letjelicu na Mars. Prva ruska letjelica koja je poletjela 1960. godine, doživjela je neuspjeh. Slièno se je desilo i s kasnijim ruskim letjelicama. Valja meðutim napomenuti da su Rusi pretežno istraživali Mars u okviru "hladnog rata" te da njihove letjelice nisu bile predviðene za tako komplicirane pokuse kao što je detekcija života.

58. AMStronomy Translate this page HGA. Lowell (Percival Lowell 1855-1916). LPI (Lunar and PlanetaryInstitute) Massig Informationen über Mond und Planeten. Links http://www.amstronomy.de/gl_l.htm

L Larissa Neptunmond. Leda Jupitermond. Links ins http://www.solarviews.com/eng/leda.htm - Solarviews - Jupitermond Leda Steckbrief Legault (Thierry Legault) Thierry Legault präsentiert auf seinen Webseiten erstaunlich gute AmateurAstroFotos. So z.B. von Mond , den Planeten und DeepSky-Objekten. Absolut Sehenswert! Links ins http://perso.club-internet.fr/legault/index.html - Legault Homepage LEO (Low Earth Orbit) Der Low Earth Orbit ist die niedrigste Variante eines Erdorbits. Umlaufbahnen mit etwa 300 Kilometern fallen in diese Kategorie. Sämtliche bemannte Missionen, mit Ausnahme der Mondflüge, finden im LEO statt. LGA (Low Gain Antenna) Kleinere Antenne, mit der die Kommunikation zwischen Raumsonden/Satelliten und Bodenstation aufrecht erhalten wird. Die Datenübertragungsrate liegt meistens unter 1KBit/s. Siehe Thema HGA Lowell (Percival Lowell 1855-1916) LPI (Lunar and Planetary Institute) Massig Informationen über Mond und Planeten. Links ins http://cass.jsc.nasa.gov/ - Lunar and Planetary Institute Lysithea Jupitermond.

59. Lecture 14 Mars The Red Planet nasa_venus_001.jpg Percival Lowell (18551916). Lowell a member of the famousMassachusetts Lowell family was one of the last great astronomer magnates. http://www.physics.unlv.edu/~jeffery/astro/astro1/lec014.html

Lecture 14: Mars: the Red Planet Don't Panic Western hemisphere of Mars with wry smile of Valles Marineris. Credit: NASA Introduction MARS is the most interesting and sometimes the most ominous of the planets. The ancient Babylonians associated MARS with their plague god Nirgal?. The Greeks with their war god ARES (of whom few amusing stories are told). MARS is, of course, the Roman war god who was identified with Ares. Mars' traditional symbol: note the spear. In the 17th century, Christian Huygens identified the largest dark region on Mars, SYRTIS MAJOR In the 18th century it was discovered that Mars has POLAR CAPS and sooner or later that they increase in summer and decrease in the winter ( Sh-ch3 [Mars has seasons for the same reason that Earth does. The Martian axis is tilted from its orbital pole by 25.19 degrees which is close to the tilt of Earth's axis of 23.5 degrees. Mars' orbit is considerably more eccentric than Earth's and this must also affect the seasons more than Earth's eccentricity affects Earth's seasons.] In the 19th century?, it was noted that the dark areas on Mars also seemed to increase in springtime suggesting increasing vegetation.

60. CR | Solar System | How Did That Crater Get Its Name? study of Mars. Gusev (Maturei M., 18261866, Russian astronomer); Lowell(Percival, 1855-1916, American astronomer). Small craters are http://chainreaction.asu.edu/solarsystem/digin/name.htm

SOLAR SYSTEM Dig In Sprain Your Brain Surf ... Try This from Red Planet Connection , October 1998 Nomenclature (no-men-clay-chur): A system or way of naming things or places. Human beings are interesting creatures. We like to name things. We attach names to everything that walks and grows around us, flies above us, or crawls and swims below us. Even in ancient times, people named the stars, constellations, and planets that they observed in the night sky. All of the planets in our solar system, except for Earth, are named after Roman or Greek gods. For example, the planet Mars was named by the Romans after their god of war. The god Mars was known to enjoy bloody warfare and violence. The symbol for Mars represents a shield and a spear, weapons fit for the god of war. When humans began observing the Red Planet with telescopes in the 1800s, they viewed distinct areas and features. When they started making maps of Mars, it became necessary to name regions of the planet. An Italian astronomer named Schiaparelli created some of the first maps of Mars. He named features using words from biblical and mythical geography. Some of these names, such as Argyre, Hellas, and Tempe, are still used on maps and globes of Mars. In the 1970s, after the Mariner spacecraft flew by Mars, many new images were returned to Earth. A special group of people was formed to decide on names for the newly discovered features. This group also set up rules for naming future discoveries.

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