41. Ethical Issues Of The Human Genome Project Ethical Issues of the Human Genome Project. Mapping funding. Original proposals for the project emphasized sequencing the entire human genome. http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/IE/Ethical_Issues_of_the_HGP.html

Ethical Issues of the Human Genome Project "Mapping and Sequencing the Human Genome: Science, Ethics, and Public Policy." Developed by BSCS, in collaboration with the American Medical Association, under the U.S. Department of Energy Grant #DE-FG02-91ER61147. Critics express several concerns about the Human Genome Project (HGP), and most involve the extent of the project or its funding. Original proposals for the project emphasized sequencing the entire human genome. This goal, however, is controversial because of the high cost and because many critics believe that sequencing a huge amount of noncoding DNA should have low priority in a time of limited funds for research. On the other hand, most individuals involved in the project agree that detailed genetic and physical maps would be extremely useful. Therefore, mapping of the genome now is the primary goal, with complete sequencing to follow only if the cost becomes reasonable. Only about 5 percent of the genome contains sequences that are coding regions, and some biologists still maintain there is little point in sequencing the other 95 percent. Because biologists already know that several regulatory signals are in noncoding regions of DNA, a compromise has been reached. A few pilot sequencing projects are focusing on sequencing certain coding regions that are most likely to contain information valuable to the medical and biological communities. A major criticism of the HGP is similar to that raised against other mega-science projects such as the space station or the superconducting supercollider: The high cost is not justified. This big science vs. little science argument maintains that funding such large-scale projects takes scarce resources from researchers who may study certain areas of particular interest more efficiently. Conversely, others argue that coordination of the HGP is a more efficient way to conduct research in human genetics because it minimizes duplication of effort.

42. Human Genome Project Could Revolutionize Medicine Offers an article on how the Human Genome Project could revolutionize medicine. http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/1009398335.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Preventive Medicine Public Health By keywords: genetics human genome project Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Human Genome Project Could Revolutionize Medicine The Human Genome Project, which has researchers worldwide mapping the genes of the human body, will likely change how medicine is practiced in the future. By understanding which genes control diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s and hypertension, physicians might someday be able to prevent diseases or reduce their effects by properly assessing and responding to genetic medical risks in advance. “The project’s goal is to define a ‘parts list’ of what makes us human,” says Howard J. Jacob, PhD, at the Medical College. “Researchers are defining the chemical compounds of the genome and determining where specific genes are located on the chromosomes that make us human. Once we know the locations of the genes, we can then understand how the parts come together and function.” The Human Genome Project officially began in 1990 as a 15-year program to characterize in detail the complete set of genetic instructions of humans and some important laboratory organisms. Progress on those original goals has been faster than expected – the first fully completed, highly accurate reference sequence of the human genome is expected by the end of 2003. Apart from the genome project, there are now a few laboratory tests to determine genetic risks for certain types of cancer and other diseases. However, treatments to address genetic risks are still years away.

43. CNN.com - Health - Implications Of The Human Genome Project - March 17, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/03/17/genome.project/hs~index.html

health Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web HEALTH TOP STORIES New treatments hold out hope for breast cancer patients MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters confront police MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Your Health: Implications of the Human Genome Project INTERACTIVE Investigate into what makes up human DNA VIDEO CNN's Rhonda Rowland looks at some of the implications in the human genome project. QuickTime Play Real Windows Media MESSAGE BOARD Cracking the Human Genome ALSO Future of genetics xxxlinkxxx xxxlinkxxx March 17, 2000

44. ENU-Mouse Mutagenesis Screen In The German Human Genome Project ENUMouse Mutagenesis Screen in the German Human Genome Project http://www.gsf.de/ieg/groups/enu-mouse.html

The ENU-Mouse Mutagenesis Screen Project Index Within our ENU Mutagenesis Project, we have established a research center to perform a large ENU mutagenesis screen in mouse. The research center consists of a core facility ( GSF Gene Center ) and several associated laboratories (located at the TU Munich LMU Munich GSF MPI of Biochemistry, Martinsried ... University Utrecht . The core facility generates mutagenized F1 and G3 mice which are analyzed by the associated laboratories. Furthermore, additional screens can be performed by other research groups that are presently not participants. Project Coordinators Mutants generated More Information [Home] ... imprint Questions and suggestions to: ieg_webmaster@gsf.de

45. Stanford Human Genome Center National DNA Day commemorates the completion of the Human Genome Project in April 2003 and the discovery of DNA s double helix a half century ago. more, http://www-shgc.stanford.edu/

Finished Bases: Contact: webmaster.stanford.edu Genomic Links Publications FAQ ... Tools :: Last updated 02 May 2004 :: 01 April 2004 Human Chromosome 19 Completed We have completed the finishing and analysis of human chromosome 19. It is the most gene-rich of all human chromosomes with an average of 26 genes per megabase 31 March 2004 Website Under Reconstruction This website is being reconstructed. We are working hard to get all links back in place but today you may find that you cannot locate some information. 31 March 2004 National DNA Day National DNA Day commemorates the completion of the Human Genome Project in April 2003 and the discovery of DNA's double helix a half century ago.

46. Your Genes, Your Choices: Exploring The Issues Raised By Genetic Research Your Genes, Your Choices describes the Human Genome Project, the science behind it, and the ethical, legal, and social issues that are raised by the project. http://ehrweb.aaas.org/ehr/books/

Table of Contents Your Genes, Your Choices describes the Human Genome Project, the science behind it, and the ethical, legal, and social issues that are raised by the project. This book was written as part of the Science + Literacy for Health project of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and funded by the U.S. Department of Energy AAAS has a strong commitment to science literacy and the public understanding of science. Through its Directorate for Education and Human Resources Programs, AAAS has been a leader in identifying and meeting the needs of underrepresented groups in science. Science + Literacy for Health fits into this vision of making science accessible to everyone. Most people think that science is remote from the work they do, the lives they lead, and the decisions that they make day by day. Nothing could be further from the truth. Your Genes, Your Choices points out how the progress of science can potentially "invade" your life in the most direct ways, affecting the choices you make at the grocery store, your own health care and that of your family, and even your reproductive decisions. The connection between science and health is a direct one, and your ability to understand the science behind health affects your ability to understand the issues and the stakes. Science may seem difficult, because scientists often use technical language to talk about abstract ideas. This book has been written to introduce you to important ideas, but also to convince you that you can understand the basic concepts of science and that it is important to do so.

47. CNN.com - Health - Implications Of The Human Genome Project - March 17, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/03/17/genome.project/index.html

health Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web HEALTH TOP STORIES New treatments hold out hope for breast cancer patients MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters confront police MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Your Health: Implications of the Human Genome Project INTERACTIVE Investigate into what makes up human DNA VIDEO CNN's Rhonda Rowland looks at some of the implications in the human genome project. Windows Media MESSAGE BOARD Cracking the Human Genome CHAT TRANSCRIPTS Future of genetics Genetic Sequencing March 17, 2000

48. Bio Dot Perl Dot Org How Perl Saved the Human Genome Project by Lincoln Stein. Reprinted courtesy of the Perl Journal, http//www.tpj.com Lincoln Stein s http://bioperl.org/GetStarted/tpj_ls_bio.html

bio.perl.org Home FTP Site News Mail Lists ... Sponsors How Perl Saved the Human Genome Project by Lincoln Stein Reprinted courtesy of the Perl Journal, http://www.tpj.com Lincoln Stein's website is http://stein.cshl.org DATE: Early February, 1996 LOCATION: Cambridge, England, in the conference room of the largest DNA sequencing center in Europe. OCCASION: A high level meeting between the computer scientists of this center and the largest DNA sequencing center in the United States. THE PROBLEM: Although the two centers use almost identical laboratory techniques, almost identical databases, and almost identical data analysis tools, they still can't interchange data or meaningfully compare results. THE SOLUTION: Perl. The human genome project was inaugurated at the beginning of the decade as an ambitious international effort to determine the complete DNA sequence of human beings and several experimental animals. The justification for this undertaking is both scientific and medical. By understanding the genetic makeup of an organism in excruciating detail, it is hoped that we will be better able to understand how organisms develop from single eggs into complex multicellular beings, how food is metabolized and transformed into the constituents of the body, how the nervous system assembles itself into a smoothly functioning ensemble. From the medical point of view, the wealth of knowledge that will come from knowing the complete DNA sequence will greatly accelerate the process of finding the causes of (and potential cures for) human diseases.

49. JGI - Human Genome Project Top/Regional/North_America/United_States/Government/Executive_Branch/Departments/Energy/DOE_National_Laboratories/Joint_Genome_Institute/Research_Areas http://www.jgi.doe.gov/programs/hgp.html

WHO WE ARE Mission Statement Progress Report Organizational Chart ... SEARCH DOE JOINT GENOME INSTITUTE Operated by The University of California for The US Department of Energy Programs: Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an international 13-year effort formally begun in October 1990 to discover all the estimated 30,000-40,000 human genes and make them accessible for further biological study. Another project goal is to determine the complete sequence of the 3 billion DNA subunits (bases in the human genome). As part of the HGP, parallel studies are being carried out on selected model organisms such as the bacterium E. coli to help develop the technology and interpret human gene function. The DOE Human Genome Program and the NIH National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) together make up the U.S. Human Genome Project. NEW!

50. Untitled Document April 14, 2003 International Consortium Completes Human Genome Project. Funding for the Human Genome Project is provided by NIH NHGRI and DOE OBER. http://www.hgsc.bcm.tmc.edu/projects/human/

03 Jun 2004 161,489 kb 2,935,479 kb Recent Assemblies Search Launcher Sequencing Project Browser BLAST ... Encode Re-sequencing Project April 14, 2003 International Consortium Completes Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project is an international effort to sequence and annotate the entire estimated 3.3 billion bases of the human genome. The project will also construct maps of the genome that will allow us to localize each of the estimated 100,000 genes in the human genome. The project was conceived in the mid-80s and began in 1990. The sequence is projected to be completed by 2003. The major contributors for this project include: Washington University Genome Center, St. Louis, MO; Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, Texas; Whitehead Institute (MIT), Cambridge, MA; DOE, Walnut Creek, CA; Sanger Centre, Hinxton, England. Funding for the Human Genome Project is provided by NIH NHGRI and DOE OBER. Baylor is responsible for chromosomes 3, 12 and part of X. To learn more about the anticipated benefits of the Human Genome Project, go to our information page Access to the assembled data can be obtained from the following resources: NCBI: http://ray.nlm.nih.gov/genome/guide/human/

51. News.nabou.com - Genetics News Features stories on the Human Genome Project, human cloning, gm foods and general human genetic news and information. http://news.nabou.com/sci-tech/genetics_news.html

The most comprehensive internet news website Search News Science and Technology Sections: Science news Cancer news Environment news Genetics news Medical news Public health news Biological sciences news Human sciences news Physical sciences news Space science news UK medical news Top technology stories Tech latest Technology features ASP news Communications equipment news Computer games news Computer security news Computer services news Database industry news Developer news Enterprise computing news Graphics industry news Handhelds news Imaging equipment news Java news Knowledge management news Linux news OS news Open source news PC industry news

52. The Scientist :: Human Genome Project Complete Human Genome Project complete. But the Human Genome Project is a leap forward for mankind infinitely more complex than any lunar landscape, he said. http://www.biomedcentral.com/news/20030415/03

Previous Next Human genome project complete By Tabitha M Powledge It's not completely complete, and perhaps never will be. But the version of the human genome sequence that opened for business yesterday (April 14) at the University of California-Santa Cruz is so accurate that scientists will be consulting it for the next several centuries, Francis Collins, who heads the US National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), told The Scientist "You can think of this as the end of the high-throughput phase of human sequencing. The fact that it's yielded up 99% of the gene-containing DNA at this level of accuracy means that almost everybody who is looking for answers from the genome will find it in the most final form that they ever could have dreamed of," Collins said. The remaining gaps, numbering about 400, comprise about 1% of the gene-containing euchromatin. "We've known for a long time that there are parts of the human genome that cannot be reliably sequenced, or even in most instances cloned, because they're unstable in all known vectors." Collins said. The unclonable bits include the long, monotonous repeats in the centromeres, plus islands of material scattered across the euchromatin on the 46 human chromosomes. "People feared those might involve a significant proportion of the euchromatin. But we banged away and have basically gotten down to the ones that are just absolutely recalcitrant." NHGRI would still like to rescue those bits if somebody can come up with the right technology. "We've been funding efforts to do that for several years. So far they have not yielded up a method that works," Collins said.

53. Human Genome Project Research In Progress Information about the project, its progress, history, and goals; issues associated with genome research; frequently asked questions, the science behind the project; and project sponsors. http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/research/research.shtml

Human Genome Project Information Genomics:GTL Microbial Genome Program home ... skip navigation DOE Human Genome Program Research URL: www.ornl.gov/hgmis/research/research.shtml News Summary of Human Genome Project Goals and Dates Achieved "Realizing the Potential of the Genome Revolution: The Genomes to Life Program," Marvin E. Frazier, Gary M. Johnson, David G. Thomassen, Carl E. Oliver, Aristides Patrinos Science Research abstracts from the New Horizons in Genomics meeting held March 30-April 1, 2003, Santa Fe, New Mexico. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute. Genomics:GTL learn about the next step in genomics at the Department of Energy, a research program to accelerate understanding of dynamic living systems. (formerly Genomes to Life) Research abstracts from the DOE Genome Program Contractor-Grantee Workshop , held January 27-31, 2002, in Oakland, CA What's New : Announcements, Headlines

54. The Human Genome Project-Key Text The Human Genome Project – discovering the human blueprint. Published by The Human Genome Project – A feat so vast that at first it seems unachievable. http://www.science.org.au/nova/006/006key.htm

Key text Published by Australian Academy of Science Sponsored by In what has been called the Everest of modern biology, scientists from around the world have worked together to unravel and record the entire set of human genetic instructions. You will get more from this topic if you have mastered the basics of DNA and genes Printer-friendly version of complete topic How the project began The idea of the Human Genome Project first began in a vague way in the 1970s when biologists started to investigate human genes at the molecular level. As biochemical analysis of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) became possible, it became clear that certain segments of DNA (called markers) were associated with particular conditions. Various countries started to map parts of the human genome in the 1980s but the international project really got under way when the USA became involved. In 1989, the Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) was founded by leading scientists in the field to coordinate the massive international effort now involved in unravelling the secrets of our genes. The project aims to map the position of every human gene and to read and decipher every message encoded in the the twisted double helix of our DNA ( Box 1 ). It is a stupendous and very costly undertaking, involving advanced biotechnology, and will take many years to complete. A first draft of the human genome was announced in June 2000.

55. Project Gutenberg - Bibliographic Record Human Genome Project. Downloadable etext from Project Gutenberg. http://www.gutenberg.net/browse/BIBREC/BR2201.HTM

H ome P ersonalize Books A uthor: T itle Word(s): How To F ind Advanced ... ecent Books About Us D onate E vents ... ontacts In Depth V olunteering HO W ... ewsletters Bibliographic Record Help on this page Data Title: Chromosome Number 01 Author: Human Genome Project Subject: Human Genome Project Subject: Human gene mapping Subject: Human genetics LoC Class: Science Natural history Release Date: Jun 2000 Etext number: Files File Type Download File Size Plain text ibiblio.org select mirror P2P network 18.66 MB Plain text (zipped) ibiblio.org select mirror P2P network 5.52 MB If you are located outside of the U.S. you may want to download from a mirror site located near you to improve performance. Permanently select a Mirror Site If you need a special character set, try our new recode facility (experimental) Edit this entry (Project Gutenberg staff only) Most recently updated: 2004-06-03 07:00:00.

56. The Human Genome Project-Glossary The Human Genome Project – discovering the human blueprint Glossary. Published by Australian Academy of Science. Sponsored by Commonwealth Bank Foundation. http://www.science.org.au/nova/006/006glo.htm

Glossary Published by Australian Academy of Science Sponsored by Printer-friendly version of complete topic allele. Genes can exist in more than one form. Each different form of the same gene is called an allele. For example, in the case of seed shape, there is one allele that determines wrinkled seeds and another allele that determines round seeds. base (in DNA). Any one of four nitrogenous (nitrogen-containing) bases (adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine). The sequence of the bases in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in all proteins found in living things. base pairs. Two bases held together by weak chemical bonds. The double helix shape of DNA is dependent on its two strands being held together by the bonds between the base pairs. In DNA, the bases that pair are adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine. chromosome. A long DNA molecule that contains the genes of the organism. Chromosomes are visible in cells during cell division. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The nucleic acid forming the genetic material of all organisms with the exception of some viruses which have RNA. DNA is present in the nucleus and other organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. gene.

57. Project Gutenberg - Bibliographic Record Human Genome Project. Downloadable etext from Project Gutenberg. http://www.gutenberg.net/browse/BIBREC/BR2202.HTM

H ome P ersonalize Books A uthor: T itle Word(s): How To F ind Advanced ... ecent Books About Us D onate E vents ... ontacts In Depth V olunteering HO W ... ewsletters Bibliographic Record Help on this page Data Title: Chromosome Number 02 Author: Human Genome Project Subject: Human Genome Project Subject: Human gene mapping Subject: Human genetics LoC Class: Science Natural history Release Date: Jun 2000 Etext number: Files File Type Download File Size Plain text ibiblio.org select mirror P2P network 6.27 MB Plain text (zipped) ibiblio.org select mirror P2P network 1.86 MB If you are located outside of the U.S. you may want to download from a mirror site located near you to improve performance. Permanently select a Mirror Site If you need a special character set, try our new recode facility (experimental) Edit this entry (Project Gutenberg staff only) Most recently updated: 2004-06-03 07:00:00.

58. The Human Genome Project - A High School Science WebQuest The Human Genome Project WebQuest. Biology battle of the century The Human Genome Project vs the top 10 world problems. Introduction. http://www.what-is-the-speed-of-light.com/webquests/human-genome-project-webques

The human genome project WebQuest Biology WebQuests Index Index to all WebQuests Biology battle of the century: The human genome project vs the top 10 world problems Introduction The human genome project has many potential applications. How could the human genome project be used to solve the most pressing global problems? The Task Determine how to use information from the human genome project to help solve 10 global problems. The Process and Resources The classroom is divided into groups consisting of 3 to 5 students per group. Each group does the rest of this WebQuest independently. Compile a list of ten global problems to investigate further. Here are some suggestions: drugs addiction poverty unemployment hunger epidemic diseases gang violence; domestic violence military conflict engangered wildlife species Add two futher global problems yourself (to make a total of 10 global problems) Research the potential benefits of the human genome project Potential Benefits of Human Genome Project Research Frequently Asked Questions Anticipated Benefits of the Human Genome Project Anticipated Benefits of Genome Research Analyze your list of top 10 global problems to determine their causes. Answer the question: What would solve this problem?

59. CNN.com - Quick Breakthroughs From Human Genome Project - September 12, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/09/12/genome.progress.reut/index.html

health Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web HEALTH TOP STORIES New treatments hold out hope for breast cancer patients MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters confront police MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Quick breakthroughs from human genome project BETHESDA, Maryland (Reuters) Years of work await scientists who are starting to read the "book of life" the human genome but some surprisingly quick breakthroughs are also being made, the head of the project said Monday. Because so many scientists are working so hard to make public their findings on human genetic information, a startling number of little changes that make one person different from another known as single nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs have been identified.

60. BBC NEWS | In Depth | Human Genome Internet links. Human Genome Project. Celera Genomics. DNA from the beginning. Sanger Centre. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites. http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/in_depth/sci_tech/2000/human_genome/default.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: In Depth: Human genome News Front Page World ... Programmes SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobile/PDAs Text Only ... Help EDITIONS Change to World Monday, 6 January, 2003, 11:30 GMT Complete genome map 'in 2003' The sequencing of the human genome will be finished by next year, a leading scientist says at a conference in China. Row over 'Book of Life' Genome 'treasure trove' The essence of maleness Nature or nurture? ... 'The end of the beginning' JUNE 2000 ANNOUNCEMENT Scientists crack human code Researchers produce a rough draft of the three billion letters of genetic code that describe human life. Gene row is over What they said: Genome in quotes G-Day for biology GENOME ISSUES What the genome can do for you All the rows and all the money spent in pursuing the human code for life will be well worth it if it fulfils even some of its medical promise. Morality and a code of conduct Employment and insurance How the code was cracked Nature versus nurture ... The history of genetics ARCHIVE: GENOME MILESTONES Scientists detail rice code Researchers read the genetic code of rice - a major achievement that will have a huge impact on world food production.

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