1. PAL: Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911) Guide An Ongoing Online Project © Paul P. Reuben. Chapter 5 LateNineteenth Century Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911). http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap5/harper.html

PAL: Perspectives in American Literature - A Research and Reference Guide Paul P. Reuben Chapter 5: Late Nineteenth Century - Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911) Primary Works Selected Bibliography MLA Style Citation of this Web Page Chap 5: Index ... Top Primary Works: Poems on Miscellaneous Subjects , 1854; "The Two Offers," (short story), 1859; Sketches of Southern Life , (poems), 1872; Iola Leroy or Shadows Uplifted , (novel), 1892; The Martyr of Alabama and Other Poems Complete Poems of FEWH . NY: Oxford UP, 1988. PS1799 .H7 A17 Iola Leroy, or Shadows Uplifted . NY: Oxford UP, 1988. PS1799 .H7 I6 Top Selected Bibliography Ammons, Elizabeth. Conflicting Stories: American Women Writers at the Turn Into the Twentieth Century Bande, Usha "Iola Leroy - A Centennial Reappraisal" Panjab University Research Bulletin (Arts) Birnbaum, Michele A. "Dark Intimacies: The Racial Politics of Womanhood in the 1890's" Diss. Ann Arbor, MI 1992. - - -. "Racial Hysteria: Female Pathology and Race Politics in Frances Harper's Iola Leroy and W.D. Howells's

2. Poet Index For Representative Poetry On-line Biography and three poems. http://www.library.utoronto.ca/utel/rp/authors/harper.html

Poet Index Poem Index Random Search ... Concordance document.writeln(divStyle) Poet Index ANONYMOUS A Franklin Pierce Adams Sarah Fuller Adams Joseph Addison Mark Akenside Amelia Alderson ( see Amelia Opie Cecil Frances Alexander Ellen Alleyne ( see Christina Rossetti William Allingham Anodos ( see Mary Elizabeth Coleridge Matthew Arnold Anne Askew John Askham B J. E. Ball (fl. 1904-1906) Mary Barber Richard Harris Barham Sabine Baring-Gould William Barnes ... Richard Barnfield Elizabeth Barrett ( see Elizabeth Barrett Browning David Bates Katharine Lee Bates Thomas Bateson (ca. 1570-1630) Joseph Warren Beach James Beattie Francis Beaumont Thomas Lovell Beddoes ... Aphra Behn Acton Bell ( Currer Bell ( Ellis Bell ( Arthur Christopher Benson Mary Berwick ( see Adelaide Procter Ambrose Bierce Robert Blair William Blake Phyllis Bloom ( see Phyllis Gotlieb Louise Bogan Francis William Bourdillon A. P. Bowen (fl. 1918-1919) William Lisle Bowles Gamaliel Bradford Anne Bradstreet (ca. 1612-1672) Tabitha Bramble ( see Mary Robinson Nicholas Breton Robert Bridges Gilbert E. Brooke Rupert Brooke ... Thomas Edward Brown Felicia Dorothea Browne ( see Felicia Dorothea Hemans William Browne Elizabeth Barrett Browning Robert Browning Alice Mary Buckton ... A. H. Reginald Buller

3. RPO -- Selected Poetry Of Frances Ellen Watkins (1825-1911) Selected Poetry of Frances Ellen Watkins (18251911). Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins. Notable American Women 1607-1950 A Biographical Dictionary. Ed. http://eir.library.utoronto.ca/rpo/display/poet344.html

Poet Index Poem Index Random Search ... Concordance document.writeln(divStyle) Selected Poetry of Frances Ellen Watkins (1825-1911) from Representative Poetry On-line Prepared by members of the Department of English at the University of Toronto from 1912 to the present and published by the University of Toronto Press from 1912 to 1967. RPO Edited by Ian Lancashire A UTEL (University of Toronto English Library) Edition Published by the Web Development Group, Information Technology Services, University of Toronto Libraries Index to poems Of course, I don't know very much About these politics, But I think that some who run 'em, Do mighty ugly tricks. (Aunt Chloe) Aunt Chloe The Drunkard's Child The Slave Mother Notes on Life and Works Frances Ellen Watkins was born September 25, 1825, in Baltimore, Maryland. After receiving an education at her uncle's school, and working in a book store, she turned to publishing. A book of poetry entitled Forest leaves came out in 1845, no copy of which has survived. Five years later, Watkins left Maryland for Ohio to teach at Union Seminary near Columbus and then in 1852 at Little York, Pennsylvania. In 1854 her second book of poems appeared, Poems on Miscellaneous Subjects (Boston, 1854) and sold 10,000 copies. That year she lived in Philadelphia at an underground railroad stop, by which slaves were moved north to safety. Her lecture career then flourished: she travelled through New England, Upper Canada, Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania until 1861, generally talking on civil rights and education for Afro-Americans, and temperance. Watkins married Fenton Harper in 1860 and they settled on a farm near Columbus until his death in 1864. They had one daughter, Mary. After the civil war, Harper published

4. Poet: Frances Ellen Watkins Harper - All Poems Of Frances Ellen Watkins Harper http//education.ucdavis.edu/NEW/STC/lesson/socstud/railroad/FranBio.htm• site info PAL Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (18251911) http://www.poemhunter.com/frances-ellen-watkins-harper/poet-18727/

Poem Hunter .com Home Poets Poems Search ... Contact Us Poets: A B C D ... All Frances Ellen Watkins Harper Poems Quotations Comments Resources ... Stats Poems Click the title of the poem you'd like read. Bury Me in a Free Land Songs for the People The Slave Mother Quotations "I envy neither the heart nor the head of any legislator who has been born to an inheritance of privileges, who has behind him ages of education, dominion, civilization, and Christianity, if he stands opposed to the passage of a national education bill, whose purpose is to secure education to the children of those who were born under the shadow of institutions which made it a crime to read." Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911), African American suffragist and rights advocate. As quoted in Black Women in Nineteenth-Century American Life, part 3, by Bert James Loewenberg and Ruth Bogin (1976). Harper said this in 1893. Born free, she was advocating education for African American children. It had been a crime to teach slaves to read. "I do not think the mere extension of the ballot a panacea for all the ills of our national life. What we need to-day is not simply more voters, but better voters."

5. Valencia West LRC - Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins (18251911) Pathfinder. February 1997. The following reference books can be used to get both biographical and critical information about authors. http://valencia.cc.fl.us/lrcwest/Author_Pathfinders/harper.html

Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins (1825-1911) Pathfinder February 1997 The following reference books can be used to get both biographical and critical information about authors. These sources should be used as a starting pointDO NOT base all of your research on material obtained from reference books. Use these sources to become better acquainted with your author; this will allow you to utilize more effectively the sources listed under COMPREHENSIVE LITERARY RESEARCH. These sources are located at the West Campus LRC; they may also be located at other local libraries. BIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES Consult the following reference sources to get an overview of your author's life. Contemporary Authors REF Z 1224 .C6 The various versions of this classic biographical source are all accessed via the Contemporary Authors Cumulative Index (REF Z 1224 .C58) Dictionary of Literary Biography REF PS 221 .D5 This multivolume biographical source is best accessed via the Contemporary Authors Cumulative Index (REF Z 1224 .C58) CRITICAL SOURCES Consult the following reference sources to obtain critical analyses of your author and his/her work. The first sources listed will provide a more general critical analyses of your author, while the second set of sources will provide critical analyses of a more specific nature.

6. Frances Ellen Watkins Harper , MSA SC 3520-12499 Archives of Maryland ( Biographical Series) Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (18251911) Biography. Images. Sources. Related. Collections. Tell Us What You Think About the Maryland State Archives Website! Governor General Assembly Judiciary http://www.mdarchives.state.md.us/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/012400/012499/html/m

Archives of Maryland (Biographical Series) Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911) MSA SC 3520-12499 African American writer Biography Images Sources Related ... MARYLAND.GOV

7. Francis Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911) Francis Ellen Watkins Harper (18251911). to make up and write down A Brief Writer sGuide for Young Writers by Frances Ellen Watkins Harper to discuss in http://college.hmco.com/english/heath/syllabuild/iguide/harperf.html

Francis Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911) Contributing Editor: Elizabeth Ammons Classroom Issues and Strategies Two primary issues in teaching Harper are: (1) the high-culture aesthetic in which students have been trained makes it hard for them to appreciate Harper and find ways to talk about her; (2) most students' ignorance of nineteenth-century African-American history deprives them of a strong and meaningful historical context in which to locate Harper's work. To address the first issue, I ask students to think about the questions and methods of analysis that they may bring to the study of literature in the classroom. What do we look for in "good" literature? Their answers are many but usually involve the following: It should be "interesting" and deal with "important" ideas, themes, topics. It should be intellectually challenging. The style should be sophisticatedby which they mean economical, restrained, and learned without being pretentious. It should need analysis i.e., have many hidden points and many "levels" of meaning that readers (students) do not see until they get to class. Then we talk about these criteria: "Interesting" and "important" by whose standards? Theirs? All of theirs? Whose, then?

8. Francis Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911) Francis Ellen Watkins Harper (18251911) Contributing Editor Elizabeth Ammons down "A Brief Writer's Guide for Young Writers by Frances Ellen Watkins Harper" to discuss in class. http://www.hmco.com/college/english/heath/syllabuild/iguide/harperf.html

Francis Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911) Contributing Editor: Elizabeth Ammons Classroom Issues and Strategies Two primary issues in teaching Harper are: (1) the high-culture aesthetic in which students have been trained makes it hard for them to appreciate Harper and find ways to talk about her; (2) most students' ignorance of nineteenth-century African-American history deprives them of a strong and meaningful historical context in which to locate Harper's work. To address the first issue, I ask students to think about the questions and methods of analysis that they may bring to the study of literature in the classroom. What do we look for in "good" literature? Their answers are many but usually involve the following: It should be "interesting" and deal with "important" ideas, themes, topics. It should be intellectually challenging. The style should be sophisticatedby which they mean economical, restrained, and learned without being pretentious. It should need analysis i.e., have many hidden points and many "levels" of meaning that readers (students) do not see until they get to class. Then we talk about these criteria: "Interesting" and "important" by whose standards? Theirs? All of theirs? Whose, then?

9. Heath Anthology Of American Literature 4/e Frances Ellen Watkins Harper - Autho Textbook Site for The Heath Anthology of American Literature, Fourth EditionPaul Lauter, General Editor. Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (18251911) http://college.hmco.com/english/lauter/heath/4e/students/author_pages/late_ninet

Site Orientation Heath Orientation Timeline Access Author Profile Pages by: Fourth Edition Table of Contents Concise Edition Table of Contents Authors by Name Authors by Year ... Internet Research Guide Textbook Site for: The Heath Anthology of American Literature , Fourth Edition Paul Lauter, General Editor Frances Ellen Watkins Harper Frances Ellen Watkins Harper's career spanned the critical period in American history from abolition to women's suffrage, and she cared deeply about both. Harper frequently centered her writing on political issues and, conversely, incorporated her literary work into her speeches on political topics. She is one of the premier artist activists—or activist artists—in American literary history. An only child born to free parents in Baltimore, Maryland, Frances Ellen Watkins was orphaned at three and raised by her aunt and uncle, whose school she attended. She worked as a domestic in her teens; moved to Ohio in 1850, where she taught at Union Seminary near Columbus; moved again in the 1850s to York, Pennsylvania, where she became active in abolition work; and traveled throughout New England before the Civil War giving anti-slavery speeches and being hired by the Anti-Slavery Society of Maine as their official speaker. In 1860 she married a widowed farmer, Fenton Harper, in Ohio and had one daughter. When her husband died in 1864, she returned east and resumed her life of full-time speaking and writing. Frances Harper was extolled as a brilliant and moving public lecturer who used no notes and often talked for two hours at a time. Though proud of the effect she had on audiences—Harper declared in the early 1870s, "both white and colored come out to hear me, and I have very fine meetings"—Harper experienced bigotry. She knew that many of her white listeners found it virtually impossible to believe that a black woman could be articulate and rational. She wrote to a friend in 1871, "I don't know but that you would laugh if you were to hear some of the remarks that my lectures call forth: 'She is a man,' again 'She is not colored, she is painted.'"

10. Frances E. W. Harper Frances E. W. Harper links to information and all texts available on the web, information Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (18251911) American Literature Sites Brief essay on Harper's role in the Underground Railroad http://www.gonzaga.edu/faculty/campbell/enl413/harper.htm

Literary Movements Timeline American Authors English 310/510 ... English 462/562 Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911) American Literature Sites Foley Library Catalog Selected Bibliography on Iola Leroy ... Biographical sketch and links at the Bedford/St.Martin's site Teaching guide from the Heath Anthology iste Quotations and lesson plans from the African American Writers Online site. Brief essay on Harper's role in the Underground Railroad . (U C Davis) Lucy Delany, From the Darkness Cometh the Light (note Harper's use of "Delany" as a character name) Works Forest Leaves (1845; no copy of these poems survives) Moses: A Story of the Nile (poems, 1854, 1869; 20 editions by 1871) Atlanta Offerings: Poems (1871) (This is no longer available at the University of Michigan MOA project.) Poems illustrated HTML version at the University of Virginia "Enlightened Motherhood" (speech;1892) ( another version at about.com The Master of Alabama (poems, 1894) Sketches of Southern Life (poems, 1872; HTML at Virginia) Sketches of Southern Life (HTML;1891 edition at the Legacy American Women Writers Site)

11. Voices From The Gaps: Frances Harper Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (18251911). PROJECT INFO. Overview and purposeof the program. Awards. Credits acknowledgments. List of contributors. http://voices.cla.umn.edu/newsite/authors/HARPERfrances.htm

PROJECT WRITERS CLASSROOM SUBMIT ... BY BIRTHPLACE OR RESIDENCE BY RACIAL OR ETHNIC BACKGROUND BY SIGNIFICANT DATES FRANCES ELLEN WATKINS HARPER PROJECT INFO Overview and purpose of the program Awards List of contributors Permissions list ... Contact us (please note that we have no contact with the writers and cannot provide contact information) The sale began-young girls were there, Defenseless in their wretchedness, Whose stifled sobs of deep despair Revealed their anguish and distress. "The Slave Auction" Click to go to: Biography - Criticism Selected Bibliography Related Links BIOGRAPHY - CRITICISM Frances Ellen Watkins (Harper) was born in 1825 in Baltimore, Maryland, which was a free state at that time. Harper's mother died before she was three years old, leaving her an orphan. Harper was raised by her uncle, William Watkins, a teacher at the Academy for Negro Youth and a radical political figure in civil rights. Watkins was a major influence on Harper's political, religious, and social views. Harper attended the Academy for Negro Youth and the rigorous education she received, along with the political activism of her uncle, affected and influenced her poetry. After she left school in 1839, Harper's first poems were published in abolitionist periodicals, such as "Frederick Douglass' Paper." In 1845, Harper's first book of poems

12. The My Hero Project - Frances Ellen Watkins Legacy Politics and Poetics in the Life of Frances EW Harper, 18251911 (AfricanAmerican Life) by Melba Joyce Boyd, Iola by Frances Ellen Watkins Harper. http://myhero.com/myhero/hero.asp?hero=franceswat

13. My Hero : Library the Life of Frances EW Harper, 18251911 (African American around publications ofHarper s poetry, speeches Hero(es) associated Frances Ellen Watkins by Geeta http://myhero.com/readingroom/retrieve.asp?id=282

14. Harper, Fances Ellen Watkins (1825-1911) Harper, Fances Ellen Watkins (18251911), African American writer and antislavery Harperwas commemorated through FEW Harper Leagues, Frances E. Harper http://www.africanaonline.com/harper_the_author.htm

Harper, Fances Ellen Watkins (1825-1911) Harper was born into a free black family in Baltimore, Maryland. She was orphaned at the age of two, and then raised by her uncle, the Rev. William Watkins, director of Baltimore's prestigious Academy for Negro Youth. Harper attended the school, where she studied Greek, Latin, and the Bible. As a result, she was better educated than most other American women of her day, black or white. Harper began writing poetry as a teenager, publishing the poetry collection Forest Leaves before she was 20. Her second career, as an activist, began almost a decade later. During her lifetime, Harper was commemorated through F.E.W. Harper Leagues, Frances E. Harper Woman's Christian Temperance Unions, and chapters of other organizations that bore her name. Harper was also recognized by the Daughters of America and Patriots of the American Revolution. THE AUTHOR ETHIOPIA THE REVEL REPORT THE CONTRAST FREE LABOR LINES DELIVERANCE TRUTH THE CHANGE JESUS Viola Liuzzo killed by 3 Klansmen 1965 more Poetry by Northover Oh Africa, let freedom reign - Oh Africa, let freedom reign Rain down a storm On the white man's home, Let him see that God Is watching over all. Let the thunder clap its hands Together we will stand Hand in hand one and all Africa

15. Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins. (18251911), lecturer, author, and reformerBorn in Baltimore, Maryland, on September 24, 1825, Frances http://www.britannica.com/women/articles/Harper_Frances_Ellen_Watkins.html

Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins (1825-1911), lecturer, author, and reformer Born in Baltimore, Maryland, on September 24, 1825, Frances Watkins was the daughter of free black parents. She grew up in the home of an uncle whose school for black children she attended. At age 13 she went to work as a domestic in a Baltimore household but continued her education on her own. About 1845 she published a collection of verses and prose writings under the title Forest Leaves. During 1850-52 she taught sewing at Union Seminary, a work-study school operated by the African Methodist Episcopal Church near Columbus, Ohio. Later she taught in Little York, Pennsylvania. The rising heat of the abolitionist controversy and the consequent increasing stringency of slave laws in Southern and border states at length drew her into the public arena. In August 1854 in New Bedford, Massachusetts, she delivered a public address on "Education and the Elevation of the Colored Race." Her success there led to a two-year lecture tour in Maine for the state Anti-Slavery Society, and from 1856 to 1860 she spoke throughout the East and Midwest. In addition to her antislavery lecturing she read frequently from her second book, Poems on Miscellaneous Subjects (1854), which was quite successful and was several times enlarged and reissued. It addressed the subjects of motherhood, separation, and death and contained the antislavery poem "Bury Me in a Free Land." Generally written in conventional rhymed quatrains, her poetry was noted for its simple rhythm and biblical imagery. Its narrative voice reflected the storytelling style of the oral tradition. She also contributed to various periodicals; her story "The Two Offers" in the

16. Browse Top Level > Texts > Project Gutenberg > Authors > H > Harper, Frances Ell Author Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, 18251911 Keywords Authors H Harper,Frances Ellen Watkins, 1825-1911; Titles P ; Subject subject unknown. http://www.archive.org/texts/textslisting-browse.php?collection=gutenberg&cat=Au

17. Browse Top Level > Texts > Project Gutenberg > Authors > H Harold Bindloss; Harold Frederic; Harold Howland; Harold MacGrath;Harold P. Manly; Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, 18251911; Harriet http://www.archive.org/texts/textslisting-browse.php?collection=gutenberg&cat=Au

18. African American Literature Frances Ellen Watkins Harper Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (18251911), was anAmerican author and lecturer. She was the leading black poet of her time. http://www2.worldbook.com/features/aawriters/html/harper.html

FEATURE OF THE MONTH African American Literature: Voices of Slavery and Freedom The earliest works Literary legacy of slavery Frederick Douglass ... Charles Waddell Chesnutt Frances Ellen Watkins Harper Harlem Renaissance Writers of the Civil Rights era African American literature in the early 2000's Related Web sites Frances Ellen Watkins Harper Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911), was an American author and lecturer. She was the leading black poet of her time. Most of Harper's poems concerned antislavery and racial themes, but she also wrote about a variety of other subjects. Frances Ellen Watkins was born of free parents in Baltimore. Her parents died when she was 2 years old, and an uncle reared and educated her. She began to write poetry as a teen-ager and started to lecture in 1854. She spoke forcefully against slavery throughout the Northeastern United States and Canada. She married Fenton Harper, a farmer, in 1860. She then gave up lecturing until after his death in 1864. Harper often added variety to her lectures by reading some of her poems to the audience. Her books include

19. HighBeam Research: ELibrary Search: Results Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins 18251911 lecturer, novelist and Baltimoreon September 24, 1825, Frances Watkins was the daughter http://www.highbeam.com/library/search.asp?refid=bemorecreative&q=Frances Watkin

20. Tanya Bickley Enterprises: Frances Ellen Watkins Harper Performance Page Speaker Chaste in language, moral in character, and fiery in spirit, Frances Ellen WatkinsHarper (18251911), poet, novelist, essayist, journalist, abolitionist http://www.bickley.com/harper.html

Tanya Bickley Enterprises Marjorie Eliot Marjorie Eliot as... There is light beyond the darkness, Joy beyond the present pain; There is hope in God's great justice And the Negro's rising brain. Though the morning seems to linger O-er the hill-tops far away, Yet the shadows bear the promise Of a brighter coming day. -from Iola Leroy, 1892 Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (Visit Frances Ellen Watkins Harper in the TBE Bookstore) Chaste in language, moral in character, and fiery in spirit, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911), poet, novelist, essayist, journalist, abolitionist, feminist, Christian writer, and temperance and women's rights organizer, was truly a 19th century Rennaisance woman of letters. Born on September 24, 1825, to a free black woman and unknown father, Frances poignantly wrote 34 years later, "Oh, is it not a privilege, if you are sisterless and lonely, to be a sister to the human race, and to place your heart where it may throb close to downtrodden humanity." Filled with courage, compassion, danger, difficulty and intelligence, her life and work shine light on that period of American history after the Civil War which so cruelly combined progress and goodness, racist backsliding and fear. In an era where it was deemed unseemly, if not shocking, for an unmarried, young woman, black or white, to address mixed audiences of men and women, the Maine Antislavery Society helped launch a lifelong career, when, in 1854, they hired Frances Ellen Watkins, at age 29, to speak on their behalf. A radical antebellum abolitionist, Miss Watkins preached and practiced the politics of Free Produce, urging economic boycotts of slave-produced goods. Denied appointment as an agent because of obdurate sexism, Frances Watkins, nevertheless, collected donations for the Underground Railroad and counted among her friends Frederick Douglass, William Still, John Brown, Sojourner Truth, and Harriet Tubman. After the abolition of slavery, she was especially concerned with helping women understand they could and should use their time and talents to achieve "high and lofty goals."

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