21. History Of The European Union - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Online encyclopedia article. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union

History of the European Union From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This is the history of the European Union . See also the history of Europe and history of present-day nations and states Table of contents 1 Original impetus 2 The three communities 3 Enlargement of the European Community 4 Founding of the European Union ... edit Original impetus A European Confederation or a European Community was proposed in by German economists seeking to institutionalise the Nazi conquests in World War II . They argued for a "Central European Union" and "European Economic Area" and for fixed exchange rates. In 1943 the German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop proposed the creation of such an institution with a structure rather similar to the modern EU, with a single currency, a central bank, a regional principle, a labour policy and economic and trading agreements (the Single Market). The proposed countries to be included were Germany, Italy, France, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Slovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia, Serbia, Greece and Spain. Arthur Seyss-Inquart said: "The new Europe of solidarity and co-operation among all its people will find rapidly increasing prosperity once national economic boundaries are removed", while the French Minister Jacques Benoist-Mechin said that France had to "abandon nationalism and take place in the European Community with honour." This institution would not have been a partnership of equals but an empire ruled by German dictat. By the end of the war, a new impetus for the founding of (what was later to become) the European Union was the desire to rebuild

22. The European Commission Representation In The United Kingdom org.uk Press office and information centre delivering advice and documentation on objectives, policies, activities, and info of the European Union as they http://www.cec.org.uk/

23. BBC News | EUROPE | EU Weighs Response To US Strikes European Union leaders prepared to hold an extraordinary summit on Friday to discuss their response to the attacks on the US. http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/europe/newsid_1549000/1549589.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: World: Europe Front Page World ... AudioVideo SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobiles/PDAs Feedback ... Low Graphics Monday, 17 September, 2001, 22:04 GMT 23:04 UK EU weighs response to US strikes Europe mourns - but wants justice rather than revenge By Europe Correspondent Angus Roxburgh European Union leaders are to hold an extraordinary summit on Friday to discuss their response to the terrorist strikes on America. Their talks are expected to concentrate on co-ordinating their views on US plans to retaliate against the attacks and also to look for a joint approach to combating terrorism within the EU. European politicians have tended to stress that justice rather than revenge must be the aim The European Union had rallied round America at once after last Tuesday's attacks with declarations of solidarity and promises to cooperate in the fight against terrorism. Since then, as Washington's response has hardened, some voices in Europe have begun to urge caution. European politicians have tended to stress that justice rather than revenge must be the aim, and some have warned of the danger that a disproportionate military response could provoke a backlash in the Arab world.

24. European Union - Wikipedia European Union. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. European Union (names). Common policy on asylum and immigration. Structure of the European Union. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union

European Union From Wikipedia European Union names In Detail Motto In varietate concordia English: United in diversity (see European symbols of the Union See Languages of the European Union Member states may have other official languages. Council's President Ireland (Prime Minister: Bertie Ahern (until 30 June Commission's President Romano Prodi Parliament's President ... Pat Cox (outgoing) Area Ranked 7th 3,892,685 km Population ... Ranked 3rd 454,900,000 (EU 25) 116.4 people/km² GDP (base PPP) Ranked 1st Formation Maastricht treaty 7 February 1 November Community Currencies The Euro ( EUR Eurozone , EU institutions) Other member states: http://eur-op.eu.int/code/en/en-370302.htm CYP CZK DKK (in ERM II EEK GBP HUF ... UTC to +2 (+1 to +3 during DST (with French overseas départements , UTC -4 to +4) Anthem Ode to Joy An die Freude Internet TLD .eu (planned) Second level .eu.int in use. Calling Codes Each member state has its own calling code. In zones 3 and 4 if counted as a single country The European Union or EU is an international organisation of 25 European states, established by the Treaty on European Union (the Maastricht treaty ). Its current legal base is the

25. The European Union (Collections Bibliography) Official depository of publications held at The University of California, Berkeley. Includes primary and secondary legislation, treaties, and policy documents. http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/doemoff/gov_eugde.html

var treename = "Tree1"; tree = new COOLjsTreePRO(treename, GOVTREE_NODES, GOVTREE_FORMAT); Catalogs Find... Collections Services ... Government Information: US Federal General Resources Presidency Congress Judiciary ... Statistics International Organizations General Resources United Nations European Union Non-Govt Organizations ... Statistics Foreign Governments General Resources Europe Latin America Africa ... Canada THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU) rev. 11/2000 Background Information Directories Current Information Statistics ... Guide to EU citations The University of California, Berkeley has received EU publications since 1952 and has been an official depository since 1964. This guide is intended to assist the user in locating information on the activities and policies of the EU from its publications. Some titles are now available on the Internet, and have links made. For other information on the Internet, there is an European Union Internet Resources Guide. BACKGROUND INFORMATION The Documentation of the European Communities: A Guide JN15 A12 T47 1989 GREF An explanation of the functions and publications of the EU bodies. Information is updated in

26. Homepage www.euroguide.org/euroguide/subjectlisting/ www.cec.lu/ www.cec.lu/Welcome.html EUSA European Union Studies AssociationEuropean Union specialists should join the biggest international scholarly and professional association devoted to the European Union. http://ue.eu.int/en/summ.htm

The Council of the European Union Press Council Policies IGC ... Javier Solana Espa±ol (es) ČeÅ¡tina (cs) Dansk (da) Deutsch (de) Eesti keel (et) Ελληνικά (el) English (en) Fran§ais (fr) Italiano (it) LatvieÅ¡u valoda (lv) Lietuvių kalba (lt) Magyar (hu) Malti (mt) Nederlands (nl) Polski (pl) Portuguªs (pt) Slovenčina (sk) Slovenščina (sl) Suomi (fi) Svenska (sv) Press releases Meetings and events Audiovisual Information for the media ... Photos Latest News Welcome to the Council website Focus The Council is the main decision-making body of the European Union. The ministers of the member states meet within the Council of the European Union. Depending on the issue on the agenda, each country will be represented by the minister responsible for that subject (foreign affairs, finance, social affairs, transport, agriculture, etc.). The Presidency of the Council is held for six months by each member state on a rotational basis. Javier SOLANA Secretary-General, High Representative for the CFSP The Presidency of the Council Ireland IMPORTANT LEGAL NOTICE - The information on this site is subject to a and a

27. European Studies - Research Provides a focal point across the School for interdisciplinary research on Europeanisation, postgraduate training and the European Union. With staff and contact information, along with degrees offered. http://www.brad.ac.uk/eurostudies/

University of Bradford Languages and European Studies Home Fellowships available ... Research Centre for European Studies Director: Professor Claudio Radaelli The School of Social and International Studies at Bradford University established the new Centre for European Studies (CES) in January 2003. CES members of staff were awarded the prestigious five-star ranking (that is, international excellence) in the last nation-wide research assessment exercise conducted in 2001 (see the results at http://www.hero.ac.uk/rae/). The activity of CES is connected to initiatives the European Briefing Unit , which is one of largest providers of European Union training to the UK public and voluntary sectors and has organised hundreds of short courses, events, and residential training sessions over the last ten years for policy-makers and administrators. Contact us: R.Espindola@bradford.ac.uk, C.Radaelli@bradford.ac.uk Staff contact details: Kenneth Dyson K.H.F.Dyson@bradford.ac.uk

28. Homepage on agriculture is viewed as crucial by July, before the distraction of the US general election and before the scheduled change in European Union commissioners. http://www.useu.be/

Search Site Index Acronyms Credits ... Contact June 03, 2004 Upcoming Events Issues Transatlantic Relations Multilateralism/Unilateralism ... Precaution About The Mission Meet the Ambassador the U.S. Mission to the EU Business Services USEU Picture Gallery ... Sign up for Today's News Armitage, Solana Discuss Iraq, Mideast, Upcoming U.S.-EU Summit United States, United Kingdom Revise Iraq Draft Resolution More Consensus For Reform Growing in Middle East, Larson Says ... Latest Articles and more from the Washington File news service U.S., EU Sign Passenger Data Collection Agreement (More) The United States and the European Union have signed an agreement allowing U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to collect air passenger data on those flying European airlines to or from the United States, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced May 28. The agreement sets forth how the data is to be processed, used, and retained, according to a statement by DHS. It also stipulates that the data collected may be used only to prevent and combat terrorism, serious transnational crimes, and flight from warrants or custody for such crimes.

29. Czech Republic And The European Union Information on relations between the Czech Republic and the European Union. http://www.mzv.cz/EU/

30. EU Business - European Business News Online The European Union offered crucial support on Friday for Moscow s accession to the World Trade Organization, easing entry for the largest country still left http://www.eubusiness.com/

31. BKSH the government relations arm of the communications consultants, BursonMarsteller. Headquartered for Europe in Brussels, BKSH has offices across the European Union and in Washington. http://www.bksh.com/

32. EuroDicAutom - Search The European Commission's multilingual term bank. Particularly rich in technical and specialized terminology related to European Union policy. http://europa.eu.int/eurodicautom/Controller

EUROPA European Commission Translation Eurodicautom ... Search European Terminology Database What's new? About Eurodicautom Links Contact us ... User Guide See EC SdT response to inquiries about the future of Eurodicautom. Enter query Source language Danish (DA) Dutch (NL) English (EN) Finnish (FI) French (FR) German (DE) Greek (EL) Italian (IT) Latin (LA) Portuguese (PT) Spanish (ES) Swedish (SV) ANY Subject ANY Agriculture Arts Automation Bio-industry Chemistry Civilisation Clothing Commerce Communication Computer Science Culture Data Processing Demography Development Aid Economics Education Electrical Engineering Electronics Employment Energy Ethnology Food Industry Financial Affairs Finished Products Fisheries Folklore Foreign Relations Games Generic Concepts Geology Graphic Arts Industry Information Technology Insurance Heritage History Home Economics Housing International Cooperation International Organisations Labour Leisure Livestock Industry Mathematics Media Mechanical Engineering Medicine Metal Casting Metallurgy Metrology Movement of Goods Networks Non-ferrous Metals Offshore Industry Personal Care Philosophy Physics Politics Religion Risk Management Science Signalling Society Sports Standardisation Statistics Telecommunications Training Transport Target language Danish (DA) Dutch (NL) English (EN) Finnish (FI) French (FR) German (DE) Greek (EL) Italian (IT) Latin (LA) Portuguese (PT) Spanish (ES) Swedish (SV) Display Hitlist only Terms All Fields What's new?

33. Enlargement Of The European Union Treaty of Accession. of the Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia to the European Union. http://www.europarl.eu.int/enlargement/default_en.htm

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34. Belgium At The EU Convention Information about the Belgian representatives to the Convention of the European Union on the Future of Europe. Presentation of their contributions. http://www.euconvention.be/

35. Argentina And European Union The development of trading relations report based on various elements on the bilateral, regional and multilateral level. http://europa.eu.int/comm/trade/bilateral/arg.htm

36. European Union: Institute For Security Studies Home page WEUISS http://www.iss-eu.org/

37. EU.org: Free Domain Names This site has no relation with the European Union, despite its name. If you are looking for Web servers with EUrelated pages, please have a look at http://www.eu.org/

Version française EU.org, free domain names "Companies have voted with their feet [on the issue of domains], they want to have domain names that are international or at least country neutral. The same freedom should apply to individuals; all individuals should be able to have and own their own domain names". Paul Mockapetris , creator of the DNS, in On the Internet , September/October 1996. The goal of EU.org is to provide free subdomain registration to users or non-profit organizations who cannot afford the outrageous fees demanded by some NICs, especially in Europe. Any kind of help is welcome. EU.org would have been unthinkable without a lot of support of many kinds You can see: The general policy for EU.org and its subdomains; The list of domains open for registration Registration: For domains not listed below, use our registration procedure; The following country subdomains are not handled here (requests will be rejected), please go to the indicated servers for the procedure to request a subdomain: CY.eu.org

38. ETUC - CES Seeks to influence the European Union by making direct representations to the various institutions and by ensuring trade union participation in numerous advisory bodies. In short It is lobbying for trade unionist rights and priviliges. http://www.etuc.org/

39. UEMS Website, EUROPEAN UNION OF MEDICAL SPECIALISTS Pour l'amélioration de la qualité de la pratique de la médecine spécialisée au sein de l'UE . http://www.uems.be/

40. The Myth Of Tax Harmonisation By Kitty Ussher Leaflet from the proEuropean Centre for European Reform arguing that tax harmonisation is not an aim of the European Union. http://www.cer.org.uk/articles/n_4_4.html

FEBRUARY 1999 - CER BULLETIN, ISSUE 4 The Myth of Tax Harmonisation Kitty Ussher There are no plans to harmonise European Union rates of VAT, income tax or company tax. Yet the inhabitants of Britain could be forgiven for thinking precisely the opposite. At the end of last year a large section of the British press claimed that Oskar Lafontaine, Germany's ebullient finance minister, was plotting to make the British pay more tax. Mr Lafontaine loves to provoke, but there was little substance to support the fantasies of many Eurosceptic commentators. Tax issues, of course, are discussed at a European level. The Commission has come up with a three-pronged package that finance ministers are supposed to sort out before the Helsinki summit in December 1999. But the point of this package is to smooth discrepancies in the workings of the single market, rather than impose single rates of tax. The first part involves tackling unfair competition in company taxation. For instance the preferential tax treatment that Ireland has applied to certain types of company and geographical area, in effect disguised state aid, would count as unfair tax competition. A working group chaired by a British minister, Dawn Primarolo, is examining more than 80 such cases. The plan is to deal with examples of unfair competition through discussion and peer-group pressure rather than EU directives. The second part aims to abolish tax on cross-border payments of interest and royalties between associated companies, thereby saving them much paper work. The third and most contentious part is a proposed directive on the taxation of savings which seeks to prevent cross-border tax evasion by individuals. The Commission wants member-states to agree either to impose a 20% witholding tax on income earned by non-resident individuals, or to pass full details of their earnings to their home tax authority. Britain will not sign up to this directive unless income from Eurobonds is exempt. Otherwise, ministers fear, the City of London could lose business both from the cost of compliance with the directive, and from investors shifting business out of the EU to avoid the tax.

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