1. Confucius The sources for Confucius' life are later and do not carefully separate fiction and fact Many of the legends surrounding Confucius at the end of the 2nd century BCE were http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/confucius

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A B C D ... Z This document uses XHTML-1/Unicode to format the display. Older browsers and/or operating systems may not display the formatting correctly. last substantive content change JUL Confucius Confucius (551-479 BCE), according to Chinese tradition, was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. His teachings, preserved in the Analects , form the foundation of much of subsequent Chinese speculation on the education and comportment of the ideal man, how such an individual should live his live and interact with others, and the forms of society and government in which he should participate. Fung Yu-lan, one of the great 20 th century authorities on the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius' influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West. 1. Confucius' Life 2. Confucius' Social Philosophy 3. Confucius' Political Philosophy 4. Confucius and Education ... Related Entries 1. Confucius' Life The sources for Confucius' life are later and do not carefully separate fiction and fact. Thus it is wise to regard much of what is known of him as legendary. Many of the legends surrounding Confucius at the end of the 2

2. Ethics Of Confucius, Mencius And Xun-zi By Sanderson Beck Chapter from a book by Sanderson Beck. Discusses the life story and teachings of each of these classical Chinese thinkers. http://www.san.beck.org/EC14-Confucian.html

BECK index Confucius, Mencius and Xun-zi This chapter is part of the book ANCIENT WISDOM AND FOLLY, which has now been published. For information on ordering click here. Confucius Teachings of Confucius Followers of Confucius ... Later Confucian Works As education and literacy spread in China and scholars became influential as ministers of rulers, philosophers also began to flourish. In the late sixth century BC two of the greatest philosophers of all time emerged in China - Lao-zi, the founder of Daoism, and Confucius, whose philosophy and religion came to dominate China for more than two millennia. Confucius Confucius is the Latinized form of Kong Fu-zi, which means Kong the master. Confucius was born in the small state of Lu in 551 BC and died in 479 BC. This was a time of turmoil, political intrigue, and numerous small wars in the last part of the Spring and Autumn era. Assassinations, bribery, adultery, and other crimes were common even though punishments were severe. In Lu three families contended for the hereditary rulership, while numerous educated aristocrats sought positions in the government, and many suffered poverty. Confucius was brought up as a gentleman, who took up music, archery, and fishing, although he said he fished without a net and would not shoot at a bird at rest. He was so absorbed in music that once he did not know the taste of meat for three months. He also learned to do practical jobs of humble people such as keeper of the stores and head of the pastures. However, most of the time Confucius was not able to find an official position though he was willing to do anything that did not involve wrong-doing. Perhaps it was his ethical concerns that prevented him from being useful to the rulers of his time. Instead he occupied his time in what he loved the most - the pursuit of learning.

3. Kong Fu Zi - Confucius words resonate today when they are heard, because Confucius' teachings developed in reaction to the times in which era, the days in which Confucius lived were, compared to the past http://www.cifnet.com/~geenius/kongfuzi

To learn and from time to time to apply what one has learned isn't that a pleasure? Analects 1:1 [Home] The Modern Confucius [Biography] [Teachings] [Books] ... [Mailbag] Photo by Victor Hugo Miranda Jr. To many people, Confucius is no more than the setup to a one-line joke. Few have heard or read any of his teachings. Yet the truth and importance of his words resonate today when they are heard, because Confucius' teachings developed in reaction to the times in which he lived and our times are very much like his. According to writings of the era, the days in which Confucius lived were, compared to the past, a time of moral chaos, in which common values were widely rejected or simply disregarded. Crime was on the rise, with robbery and theft increasing in the countryside and murder a serious problem in the cities and at court; there was a general lack of interest in trying to reintegrate criminals into society. The gulf between rich and poor was broad and growing, with the rich living extravagantly in enormous mansions while an abundance of food somehow failed to reach the hungry who needed it. Government was routinely corrupt and distrusted by the people, who didn't fail to observe the lack of productivity among the rich and powerful: as the chronicler Shu Xiang noted, "The ministers never go out to work in the field." The economy was changing as well. The productive class mostly farmers was shrinking, while the mercantile sector was growing. The marketplaces were flooded with goods described as being costly and of "no real utility." Part of the growing middle class was a sector of scholars, who had great difficulty finding employment.

4. Confucius Publishing Home Page Translation of selected verses of the Analects of Confucius in English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Japanese and Modern Chinese. http://www.confucius.org/

Home MAIN MENU Viewing Languages 18-language CD-ROM About This Translation

5. Confucius, K Ung-fu-tzu Confucius K ungfu-tzu or Kongfuzi. Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003 Kelley L. Ross, Ph.D. All Rights Reserved. Confucius, Note 1. http://www.friesian.com/confuci.htm&e=747

6. Analects - Sayings Of Confucius [Kong Zi] [Kung Tze] The full text of Analects online in 16 different languages. http://www.chinapage.com/kungtze1.html

If this screen does not advance by itself, click on either site below. www.chinapage.org www.chinapage.com Your browser does not support scripting.

7. Confucius, K'ung-fu-tzu (Kongfuzi) Confucius, K'ungfu-tzu (Kongfuzi) This is an online text giving a basic overview of the work of Confucius (551-479 BC), the eminent Chinese philosopher. It has been written by Kelley L. Ross of http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.friesian.com/confuci.htm&y=02725

8. Confucius Publishing Home Page Translation of selected verses of the Analects of Confucius in English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Japanese and Modern Chinese. http://www.confucius.org/&e=747

9. Looking For Confucius A list of key characters in the Analects according to seven translations. A special interest in the Original Analects by Bruce and Taeko Brooks. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Bridge/8744

LOOKING FOR CONFUCIUS The Original Analects Key characters Criticism of the Daoists Books ... Links Confucius' world was made of elegant court ceremonies, with dance and music. He believed that if a set of rules of courtesy (called "ritual" LI ) were respected in society, relationships would become harmonious. But it also involved an inner awareness of the needs of others ("humanity" REN . Confucius stated the golden rule 400 years before the Bible: "What you do not wish for yourself, do not impose on others." (Analects 12:2). And he had a sense of humor too: "The Governor of She asked about Confucius. Zilu did not reply. The Master said: 'Why did you not say: He is the sort of man who, in his enthusiasm, forgets to eat, in his joy forgets to worry, and who ignores the approach of old age?" (7:19).

10. Confucius MAIN MENU Translation of selected verses of the Analects of Confucius in Arabic, Chinese (Traditional), Chinese (Simplified), Dutch, English, French, German, Greek http://www.confucius.org/main01.htm&e=747

11. Kong Fu Zi - Confucius To many people, Confucius is no more than the setup to a oneline joke. Few have heard or read any of his teachings. A biography of Confucius. http://www.cifnet.com/~geenius/kongfuzi/&e=747

12. Confucius Biographie et philosophie de Confucius. http://perso.wanadoo.fr/revue.shakti/confuc.htm

Confucius Confucius est né en Chine, il y a environ 2500 ans. Confucius, en chinois Kongfuzi (551 à 479 avant J-C), philosophe chinois, fondateur du confucianisme, a été l’un des plus influents penseurs de l’histoire chinoise. L’enseignement de Confucius est basé sur la morale et contient beaucoup de règles de vie pratique. Il a énoncé le premier la loi de bienveillance et de compassion: " Ne faites pas à autrui ce que vous ne voulez pas qu'on vous fasse" Il a vécu à peu près à la même époque que Lao Tseu et Bouddha. Ils sont à l'origine des trois religions actuelles de la Chine. La jeunesse Confucius est né dans l’Etat de Lu dans une famille noble du clan Kong. Son père, gouverneur de la province de Lu, meurt trois ans après sa naissance, laissant la famille sans ressources. Confucius reçoit toutefois une éducation de haut niveau, notamment les traditions culturelles de la dynastie Chou. Il se marie à vingt-quatre ans et a un fils et deux filles. Il exerce momentanément des tâches domestiques pour le chef de la province. Sa carrière d'instructeur Sa mère meurt en 527 avant J-C. Au terme d’une période de deuil, il voyage et dispense son enseignement au petit groupe de disciples qui l’entoure alors. Il est rapidement réputé comme un homme de grande érudition et de caractère, profondément respectueux des idéaux de la tradition.

13. The Modern Confucius Confucius, while known for the sternness of his moral teachings, was also reputed to be charismatic and congenial and to speak to his students in a http://www.cifnet.com/~geenius/kongfuzi/modkong.html&e=747

14. Confucius Says, Users Submit Quotations And Sayings For Publication Familyfriendly, user-submitted quotations and sayings. http://confucius-says.com

SUBMIT This site is dedicated to good natured family safe humor. Everyone is invited to submit humorous quotations and/or sayings Each submission is accepted or denied at the Editors’ discretion, Please have fun ! A Book version including contributors will be published annually. Please send quotations and sayings. To put the world in order, we must first put the nation in order; to put the nation in order, we must put the family in order; to put the family in order, we must cultivate our personal life; and to cultivate our personal life, we must first set our hearts right. Confucius Kong Fu Zi - Confucius Let us so live that when we come to die even the undertaker will be sorry. Contributed by A. Steiner Connecticut USA Attributed to MARK TWAIN A lifetime is more than sufficiently long for people to get what there is of it wrong. Contributed by John Mark San Diego CA USA I don't want to be a passenger in my own life Contributed by Anonymous Attributed to .DIANE ACKERMAN Do not take life too seriously; you will never get out of it alive

15. Confucius MAIN MENU Translation of selected verses of the Analects of Confucius in Arabic, Chinese (Traditional), Chinese (Simplified), Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, http://www.confucius.org/main01.htm

Home MAIN MENU Viewing Languages 18-language CD-ROM About This Translation This site contains the Lun Yu (499 sayings of Confucius) in 21 languages and a varying amount of other Confucius related contents for each language. You may access them through the Language Sub-menus column on the left below, or by clicking the English descriptions in the Contents column on the right directly: Arabic Chinese (Traditional) Chinese (Simplified) Dutch ... Thai Language Sub-Menus Contents (updated 05 Aug 2003) Chinese (Traditional) The Record of Rites, Book IX, "The Commonwealth State" Biography of Confucius A Selected Verse of The Lun Yu Full Text of The Lun Yu (499 sayings) Picture Archive Mencius , Book VI Kao Tzu Part II. 15 About Confucius Publishing Co. Ltd Message from Mr. William Cheung, President of Confucius Publishing Co. Ltd. Speech made on Anniversary of Confucius' Birthday (1996) Historical Development of Confucianism Speech made on Teacher's Day (1998) Newsclipping about Mr. William Cheung Chinese (Simplified) The Record of Rites, Book IX, "The Commonwealth State" Biography of Confucius A Selected Verse of The Lun Yu Full Text of The Lun Yu (499 sayings) Picture Archive Mencius , Book VI Kao Tzu, Part II. 15

16. Analects Of Confucius The Analects of Confucius. Translated by Charles Muller. 11 Confucius said Isn t it a pleasure to study and practice what you have learned? http://www.human.toyogakuen-u.ac.jp/~acmuller/contao/analects.htm&e=747

17. Confucius' Rap Pape Includes hip hop reviews, news, polls, lyrics, and biographies. http://www.geocities.com/methdmx99

18. Confucius The second chapter in the learning module, Chinese Philosophy. This chapter discusses the life and thought of Confucius and systematizes that thought along its principle lines. Confucius laid down a pattern of thinking followed by more people for more generations than any other Confucian elements about them. But Confucius was no religious leader nor did http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CHPHIL/CONF.HTM

Confucius Analects . The Confucian method characterizes just about all Chinese learning down to the present day; its fundamental tenet is the unwavering belief in the perfectibility of human beings through learning. Chinese Glossary Jen Confucius had one overwhelming message: if we are to achieve a state of orderliness and peace, we need to return to traditional values of virtue. These values are based entirely on one concept: jen which is best translated as "humaneness," but can also mean "humanity," "benevolence," "goodness," or "virtue." This humaneness is a relatively strange concept to Western eyes, because it is not primarily a practicable virtue. Rather, the job of the "gentleman," , was to concentrate on the highest concepts of behavior even when this is impractical or foolish. Like his contemporaries, Confucius believed that the human order in some way reflected the divine order, or the patterns of heaven. More than anything, according to Confucius, the ancients understood the order and hierarchy of heaven and earth; as a result, Confucius established the Chinese past as an infallible model for the present. What is incumbent on individual people is to determine the right pattern to live and govern by; this can be achieved by studying the sage-kings and their mode of life and government and by following rituals scrupulously, for the pattern of heaven is most explicitly inscribed on the various rituals

19. Confucius JUL 3 2002. Confucius. 1. Confucius Life. The sources for Confucius life are later and do not carefully separate fiction and fact. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/confucius/&e=747

20. Confucius Publishing Tagaalog Sitio sa Web ng Confucius Publishing. May mga kapakipakinabang na mga artikulo tungkol sa pilosopong Tsino na si Confucius. http://www.confucius.org/maint.htm

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