| NAMES OF GERMANIC, OLD ENGLISH, SAXON ORIGIN The names are Germanic unless specified otherwise Abelard (M) hard=staunch / middle english: keeper of the abbey larder = Abalard, Abilard, Abelard (germ), Ablard (fr) Ada (F) prosper = Aida (it), Adda (fris), Ado (port), Ëda (A-duh, cz) -> Adah, Adda, Adi, Adey, Addie, Eada, Eda, Adabelle (Ada+ fr Belle= prosper and beautiful) Addisson (M) o.e: Son of Adam Adel (F) noble = F: Adle, Adlie, Adeline, Alida, Aline (fr), Adela (it), Ethel (eng), Adela, Adelita (sp), Adeliya (rus), Adl (hung), çdela (A-del-uh, cz) = M: Ade, Ate (fries) -> Addi, Del, Della, Delly, Edeline, Adalia, Adelicia Adelaide (F) Adalhaid, Adalheidis, adel=noble, haidu=race = Adelade (fr), Adelheid, Alke, Elke (germ), Adelaida (it), Adelaid (pol), Adla, Adleida, Adelichlka, Adlesha, Adleta (rus) -> Adelais, Adeliz, Adeliza Adelhard (M) adel=noble, hard=staunch = Alard, Allard (eng), Allart, Aldert (ned), Aleardo (it), Adlard (fr) Adhmar (M) France; adal=noble, mar=illustrious Adler (M) eagle Adolf (M) adal=noble, wolf=wolf = Adolphe (fr), Adolfo (it, sp), Adolf, Adok (pol), Adolphus (latinized) = F: Adolphine (fr) Ainsley (M, F) from a scot last name, o.e an=one, only; lah=wood, clearing -> Ainslee, Ainslie Alaric (M) ruling all (ala=all, ric=ruler) = Ulric, Ulrick (germ) -> M: Alarick, Rick -> F: Alarice, Alarise Alberic (M) from the Old English name Aelfric, aelf=elf, ric=ruler: Elven king = Alberigo (it, sp), Aubrey (eng), Albric, Auberon, Oberon, Albery (fr) Albert (M) adal=noble, behrt=famous, shiny = M: Albert, Adalbert, Aubert, Aubertin (fr), Alberto (it, sp), Elbert, Albrecht, Adalbert, Adalbrecht, Adelbrecht (germ), Ailbert (scot), Albarts, Albardus, Albertus (fris), Alberts (latv) = F: Alberte, Albertine, Auberta, Aubine (fr), Alberta, Albertina (it), Albertje (fris), Albertyna (pol), Alverta (gr) -> F: Alli, Alverta, Berta, berte, Berti, Elberta, Elbertina, Elbertine Alda (F) rich = Aude (fr), Aud (norw), Aldonza (sp) -> Alida Alder (M) m.germ: alder tree Aldhelm (M) o.e Ealdhelm, eald=old, helm=helm Aldith (F) o.e Ealdgyth, eald=old, gyth=battle, strife = M: Aldo (it) = F: Aldona (lithua) -> Alditha, ®thelgyth, Ailith, Aldis, Aldas, Aldya, Aldous, Aldus Alfred (M) o.e ¾lf=elf, rad=counsel = M: Alfredo (it, sp), Alf (Norw) = F: Alfreda (it, sp) -> M: Fred, Avery, Alvery -> F: Elfreda, Freda, Freddie, Elfrida, Frieda, Elva, Elvire, Elvira, Albreda, Alura, Alured Algar (M) o.e ®lfgar, ¾lf=elf, gar=lance = Algirdas, Algirmantas (lithua) -> Alger Algernon (M) o.french grenon=mustache: a mustached man (Normands customarily shaved contrary to most immigrants; the latter would be noticed and nicknamed "aux gernons"="with the mustache") Alia (F) alja=all Alinda (F) from Adelinde, adal=noble, lind=sweet / Aline+Linda in English-speaking countries Aline (F) from Adeline = Alena, Alenka (rus) -> Alina, Alyna Almeric (M) from Amalricus, amal=work, ric=ruler = Americ, Emeric, Amaury (fr), Amory, Emory (eng) Aloysius (M) illustrious warrior / latinization of the provenal Louis / from Alwisi: all-wise = M: Alabhaois (irel), Aloys (ned), Alois (germ), Aluisio (port), Aloiza (bielorus), Alojzy (aLOyzeu, pol) = F: Aloisa (germ), Aloisia (sp), Aloysia, Aloisia, Aloyse, Lois (eng) Alphonse (M) from Adalfuns, adal=noble, funca=swift, ready, able =M: Alfonso, Alonzo, Alonso (sp), Alphonsus (irel), Afonso, Affonso, Alfonso (port), Alphonse (fr), Alonso (it) = F: Alphonsine (fr), Alfonsa, Alonza (sp) Alvar (M) eng ®lfhere, ¾lf=elf, here=army, warrior = Allvar (swed), Ëlvaro (sp), Alvaro (port), Alvar (fin) Alvin (M) o.e ®lfwine, ¾lf=elf, wine=friend = Alvino (it), Alvan, Alvah (isr) Amaline Amal=labor, ine=diminutive -> Ameline, Emeline (old fr), Emmeline, Emmelie, Emelie, Hemeline (fr), Emblem, Emlyn, Emelina (eng) Amelia (F) amal=work, labour = Amlie, Ameline, Amalie, Amelina (fr), Amelia (it), Amalia, Amelia, Amalea, Amelita (sp, port), Amalie (germ), Ameliya (rus), Amali (pol), Amalia (hung), Amalyah (isr) -> Amy, Mell, Mellie, Mill, Millie Amfrid (M) from Anafrid, ano=ancestor, frithu=peace Ancel (M) Ansila, from ansi=deity = Ancelin, Ancelot (fr) Anselem (M) Ansehelm, from ansi=deity, helm=heaume = M: Anselmo (it), Anselme (fr) = F: Anselma, Selma, Zelma (eng) Ansger (M) Ans=gods, ger=spear: Fighting with his spear for the gods, spear of the gods. -> Asger Archibald (M) Ercanbald, from arcan=natural, bald=staunch: of a staunch nature = Archambaud (fr), Baldie (scot), Arkan (serb) Arden arn=eagle, den=valley: valley of the eagle -> F: Ardenia Arlette (F) fra, from a Normand diminutive of arn=eagle (mother of William the Conquerer) Arlo USA; o.e fortified hill (from a last name) Armand (M) hart=staunch, mann=man: staunch man = M: Armand, Armandin (fr), Hermann (germ), Erminio, Armando (it), Manes (hung), Harmen (fris), Armando (sp), Armands (latv) = F: Armine (eng) -> F: Arminda Armin (M) Germany, Switz; Arminius, latinized name of a Germanic leader who beat the Romans in the year 9 AD -> Armine (M, F), Arminel (F) Arnold (M) arn=eagle, wald=power: all-powerful eagle = M: Arnaud, Arnauld, Arnault, Arnould, Ernaud (fr), Areud, Arnd (scand), Arnoldo, Arnaldo (it), Arndt, Arnd, Arend (fris), Arnout, Arent (ned), Arno, Arndt (germ), Arne (norw), Arnaldo (sp), Arno, Arnold (est), Arne, Arnost (cz), Arnon (isr), Aarne (fin, est) = F: Arna, Arnice, Arnina, Arnit (isr) Arnulf (M) Germany; arn=eagle, wulf=wolf: eaglewolf = Arnulf (norw) Arnvid (M) Arn=eagle, Scan vidr=forest: Like an eagle flying over the forest. -> Arvid Asce (M) asa=deity = M: Acelin (eng), Ezzelin (it), Asen, Assen (bulg) = F: sa, Aasa (swed), se, Aase (norw), Asela (sp), Asenka (latv) Ashbel (M) ? Ashley (M, F) o.e ¾sc=ash, leah=wood, clearing: wood of ash trees -> Ashlea, Ashleigh, Ashlee, Ashlie, Ashly Ashton (M, F) o.e ¾sc=ash, tn=enclosure (from a last name) Astrid (F) France; Ansitruda from asa=deity, trud=faithfulness: she who is faithful to the Gods = Astrup (norw), Astre (Fr) -> Astra Athelstan (M) o.e ®thelstan, ¾thel=noble, stan=stone Audemar (M) France; ald=ancient, ward=guardian = Omer, Audey (eng) Audrey (F) o.e ®thelthryth, ¾thel=noble, thryth=strength = Adeltraud, Edeltraud (germ) -> Atheldreda (latinized), Audra, Audrina Audric (M) France; o.e eald=old, ric=ruler Averil (F) o.e Everild, from eofor=boar, hild=battle -> Averell, Avril Avice (F) from Aveza, from Ava = Avis (gispy) Aylmer (M) o.e ®thelmÏr, ¾athel=noble, mÏre=famous -> Elmer, Aymar Aylwin (M) o.e ®thelwine, ¾thel=noble, wine=ami = F: Aylwen (welsh) -> Alwin Bailey (M, F) from a surname; occupation name for an administrative officer / local name for someone who lived near fortifications / local name for an inhabitant of Bailey, o.e. bg=berry, lah=wood -> Baileigh, Baylee, Bayleigh, Bailie, Bailee Baldric (M) bald=bold, rik=ruler: bold king = Baudry, Balderic (fr) Baldwin (M) Germanic Baldavin, Bealdwine, bald=bold, win=friend: bold friend = Baudouin (fr), Balduino (it), Bdewn, Boldewn (fries), Balduin, Baldwin (germ) Barclay (M) from a surname, Scottish for Berkeley, o.e. beorc=birch, leah=wood Bardolf (M) from Berhtolf, berhta=shiny, wulfa=wolf = Bardo (dan) -> Bard, Bardolph Baron (M) o.e. beorn=young warrior (a title of nobility) Barrett (M) from Beroald, bera=bear, wald=reign -> Berold, Berolt Barton from a last name, o.e. bere=oat (orge), tn=enclosure Baxter (M) from a surname, o.e. b¾cestre=baker Beldeor (M) o.e. beautiful deer Belinda (F) from Betlindis, lindi=serpent Bentley (M) from a surname, o.e. beonet=bent grass, leah=wood Beringer (M) ber=bear, gari=spear: spearman of the Bear Clan = M: Branger, Berenger (fr) = F: Brangre, Brengre (fr) Bernard (M) from Beringhard, Beornheard; ber=bear, hard=staunch = M: Bernard, Bernardin (fr), Bernie, Barnard, Barney, Barnet (eng), Bernado (it), Bernhard (flinders, sw), Bearnard (scot), Bernaert, Bernhard, Barend (ned), Bernhard, Bernd, Berend (germ), Brend, Brend, Bernd (fris), Bernardo, Bernardino, Bernal (sp), Bernardim (port), Berngards (rus), Bernardas (lith), Berngards, Bernhards (latv), Bernat (hung), Berno, Bernek (cz) = F: Bernadette (fr), Bernadine, Bernadene, Berna, Bermette, Berny (eng), Bernarda, Bernardina, Bernadita (sp), Bernard (pol) Berthe (F) behrt=shiny = Berthe, Bertille, Bertil (fr), Berta, Bertina (it), Bertha, Berthe, Bertila, Bertel (germ), Bertel (dan), Bertalan (hung) Berthold (M) Germany: shiny and splendid -> F: Berthilde Bertram (M) from Berahthraben behrt=shiny, famous, hraben=crow -> Bert = M: Bertrand (fr), Bertramo (it), Beltrn (sp), Bertramus (latin) = F: Bertrande, Bertrade (fr) Beverley (M, F) from a surname, o.e. beofor=beaver, lac=stream -> F: Beverly Bevis (M) french Beuves, from germanic Bovo: handsome Bishop (M) From the surname Blake (M) From two originally distinct surnames, o.e blÏc=black and blc=pale (originally given to someone whose skin and/or hair was remarkable dark or fair) Blakeley (F) From a surname, english blÏc=black / blc=pale / Blake and leah=wood, clearing Bluma (F) Jewish name derived from german blume=bloom Bodo (M) Germany; messenger = F: Bodil (scand) Bond (F) from a surname, reference to the bond owed to one's lord. Booker (M) from a surname: scribe or bookbinder Booth (M) from a surname, denoting the inhabitant of a small shepherd hut (both) Bradford (M) USA, from a surname, o.e brd=large, ford=ford Brandon (M) From a surname, o.e brm=broom, gorse, dn=hill Branton (M) USA, from a surname, o.e brm=broom, gorse, tn=enclosure Braxton (M) From a surname, Bracc= an english first name, o.e tn= enclosure: Bracc's Enclosure Brenton (M) USA, from a surname, from Bröyningtn in the Devon: hamlet associated to Bröyni (bryne=fire) Brewster (M) USA, from a surname, o.e browestre=brewer Brigham (M) US, from a surname, o.e brycg=bridge, hm=household (Brigham was a Mormon leader) Brock (M) From a surname, o.e brocc=badger Broderick (M) Scotland, sax: Lareg Terrain -> Brody, Derick Bronislaw (M) Germ. Brunja=(suit of) armour, slav slav=glory, honour: Glorious with his suit of armour -> F: Branislava = Branisla (Belarus) Brook (F) USA, from a surname, o.e brook: Brook Brunhild (F) Germ brunnia=corslet, hild=battle, name of a Walkyrie = Brunhilda, Brunhild, Hilda (eng), Brnhild (germ), Brunhilde (fr) -> Brynhild, Brunahild, Hilde, Hilda Bruno (M) Germ brun=brown (referring to the bear) = Bruno, Brunetto (it), Broen (scand), Brno (fris), Bruns (germ), Brno, Berno, Burno (slav) Burton (M) From a surname, o.e burh=fortress, tn=enclosure Butler (M) From a surname, anglo-normand butuiller=he who manages the bottles (first intendant of a household) Buxton (M) From a surname, a place in Derbyshire, Buchestanes during the Middle Ages: Leaning Rocks (hardly balanced and therefore that would topple easily) Byron (M) From a surname, from Lord Byron, deriving from the sentence ¾t ¶ö¾m böyrum: "at the stables", denoting someone who lived there because his job was to care for the cattle. Cade (M) From a surname denoting something round and chubby Cale (M) USA, maybe from Caleb -> Caile, Cayle, Kale, Kail, Kaile, Kayle Carlton (M) From a surname, o.e carl=peasant, tn=hamlet: Hamlet of the free peasants = Charlton (eng) Carter (M) Surname: cart maker Caxton (M) From a surname, norse Kakkr (kokkr=heap), o.e tn=enclosure: Kakkr's enclosure Cedric (M) Sax caddaric: War Chief / alteration of Cerdic, name of the founder of the kingdom of Wessex, maybe from caradoc = Cdric (fr) Cena (M) o.e: keen, sharp Chad (M) Modern spelling of o.e Ceadda, saint of the 7th century, archbishop of York Chadwick (M) USA, from a surnam, o.e wc=breeding farm, Ceadda=Chad: Chad's farm Chandler (M) From a surname: candle maker Chapman (M) From a surname, o.e capmann: pedlar (capan=buy, sell, exchange, mann=man) Chase (M) From a surname, English-normand chase=hunt, nickname for a hunter Chelsea (F) o.e cealc hy¶: place of chalk (name of a fashionable London neighborhood) -> Chelsey, Chelsie Claiborne (M) From a surname, german Kleiber: builder Clay (M) USA, from a surname denoting someone living in an area with clay soil / teuton: Mortal Clayton (M) USA, from a surname, o.e cl¾g=clay, tn=enclosure, hamlet Clerebold (M) Germ bald=bold, Klr from latin clarus=shiny -> Clarenbald Clifford (M) From a surname, eng clif=cliff, slope, bank; ford=ford -> Cliff Clifton (M) From a surname, clif=cliff, slope, bank, tn=enclosure, hamlet Clinton (M) USA, from a surname, from Glympton in Oxfordshire or Glinton in the Northants. Clive (M) UK, from a surname, eng clif=cliff, slope Clothilde (F) Germ Chlotichilda, hold=glory, hilde=battle: Glorious in Combat (ancestor of the name Louisa) = Clothilde, Clotilde (fr), Klothilde (germ) -> Louise, Louisa, Louisette, Lidwine, Ludivine, Lydwine, Hlose, lose (fr), Lodovica (it), Luisa (sp), Luise, Lois (eng), Luise (germ), Liusaidh (scot) Clovis (M) germ Chlodwig, hold=glory, wild=fighter: Glorious Fighter (ancestor of the name Louis) -> Louis, Louison, Ludovic, Ludo, Lud, Lou (fr), Loc (britton), Luigi, Lodovico (it), Luis (sp), Lewis, Louie, Lew, Louey, Lodowick (eng), Ludwig (germ, austr), Ludovic (latin), Luthais (scot) Colbert (M) From a surname, old French of germ origins col=neck, berth=shiny, famous Cole (M) From a surname, o.e cola=swarthy, from col=coal Colton (M) USA, from a surname, o.e Cola=nickname for a swarthy person (col=coal), tn=hamlet, enclosure Corliss (F) o.e: joyful, good-hearted Crystal (F) -> Chrystal (influenced by chrysos=gold), Chrystalla (latin), Krystle Curtis (M) From a surname, nickname for someone courteous Cuthbert (M) o.e c¶=reknown, beorht=shiny -> Cudbert Dale (M, F) o.e: Valley (small and peaceful, between two chains of hills as opposed to mountains), from a family name Dallas (M) USA, from a surname from the village of Dallas in Morayshire (Scotland), named in gaelic Dalfhas (a field where the herds spent the night) Dalton (M) USA, from a surname, o.e. d¾l, tn: Hamlet in the Valley Darby (M) From a surname form the city of Derby, old norse diur=deer, byr=hamlet Darwin (M) o.e Deorwine, deor=dear, wine=friend Dean (M) From a surname, o.e dene=valley (for a valley-dweller) / latin decanus=dean (ecclesiastic watcher). -> Dane, Deane, Dene Delbert (M) Germ behrt=famous, shiny Dexter (M) USA, from a surname, o.e dag=dye, -estre=female suffix: (female) Dyer Dietleib (M) Germany, mod. german: Inheritance of the Peoples = Detlev (eng) Dietlind (F) Germany, germ: Tender to the People -> Dietlinde Dietrich Germany, germ: Sovereign of the People -> Diederich, Derek, Dereck, Derrick, Darrick -> M, F: Del -> F: Della (eng) = Diederick (ned) Dietwald (M) Germany, germ: Power of the People Digby (M) From a surname, nor dki=ditch, byr=hamlet Dilli (F) Germ Dilli, Dillo = Dilliana (ned) Diotheri (M) Germany, germ: The People's Army -> Dieter Drake (F) From a surname, o.e draka=snake, dragon and also drake=female duck (after the explorer Sir Francis Drake) Drogo (M) Germ from goth name Draga, dragen=to bear = Dru (fr), Drew (eng) Eartha (F) o.e eorthe=earth -> Ertha Eastorhild (F) o.e. Eastre=goddess of the rising sun, hild=battle = Estrild (eng, fr), Austrechildis (germ), Estrella (sp) Eberhard (M) =Everard (fr) Eirik (M) Norse; germ rick=king, ei=always = Eric, Rick, Ricky (eng), ric, Ric, Riquier (fr), Erik (scand), Erick (germ, aust), Eighrig (gael scot) -> Genseric, Aric -> F: Erica Emma (F) Germ diminutive of names in ermen, irmen=whole -> M: Emmet (dimin become family name), Emmett, Emmit Engelbert (M) Germany; engel=angel, berth=shiny -> Engelbrecht Erdmann (M) Erd=earth, mann=man Erdmuthe (M) Erd=earth, muth=courage Erhard (M) Germany: Devoted in Honour Ermengard (F) Germany: Protector of All -> Ermegarde, Ermgard, Irmgard Ermenhild (F) Germany: Total Combat -> Irmhild Ermentrudis Ermin=all, universal, druid=strength: Total Strength = Ermintrude (eng), Ermentraud, Ermentrud (germ) -> Ermandrud, Ermyntrude, Emmuska, Armigil Ernst (M) Earnest, important, serious, fight to the death =M: Ernest (fr), Ernesto (it, sp), Earnest, Ernie, Ern (eng), Erne, Ernst (germ) =F: Ernestine (fr), Earnestine (eng), Ernesta (germ) -> F: Erna Estmund o.e east=grace, beauty, mund=protection = Esmond (fr) Ethelbert (M) o.e aethel=noble, beorht=brilliant -> Albert Ethelburg o.e Aethelburh or Aethelburg, aethel=noble, burh=fortress Etheldreda (F) Adel=noble, thriedh=strength -> Audrey, Dreda Ethelfleda (F) o.e AethelflÏd, aethel=noble, floed=proper, beautiful Ethelinda (F) o.e Aethelind, germ Adallindis, athal=noble, lindi=serpent -> Ethelenda Ethelred (M) o.e. aethel=noble, rÏd=advice, counsel Eutha (M) Norse jdh=child = Eudo (lat), Eudes (fr) Ewawald (M) Power of Law -> Ewald (germ) Ewawart (M) Guardian of the Law -> Ewart, Eward Fairfax (M) From a surname denoting someone with beautiful long hair, o.e faeger=beautiful, ravishing, feax=hair, tresses Faramund (M) Fara=trip, mund=protection, name of the legendary first king of France = Faramond (fr) Ferdinand (M) Fardh=trip, nand=ready = M: Ferdinand, Fernand, Ferand, Ferrand (fr), Ferdinando, Ferrante, Hernn, Hernando (sp), Ferdinando, Fernando (it, port), Ferd, Ferdie (eng), Ferdi (germ) = F: Fernande (fr) Filibert (M) Filu=a lot of, berhta=clear, brilliant = Fulbert, Philibert, Philbert (fr) Franois (M) France; from germ Frank=free man via Latin francus = M: Francis, Francisque, Francelin (fr) Frank, Frances, Frankie (eng), Franz (germ), Francesco (it), Francisco (sp), Fereng (hung), Proinsias (gael irel), Frangang (scot) = F: Franoise, France, Francine, Francette (fr), Francesca, Franca (it), Francisca (sp), Frances, Francine, Fran (eng), Franziska (germ) -> F: Soizic (britton) Franklin (M) From a surname, o.e frankeleyn: Free Man Freya (F) Scotland; scandinavian goddess of love, frouwa=lady, mistress = Frja (scand) Fridegundis (F) Frithu=peace, gundi=guerre = Fredegonde, Frdgonde (fr) Frithuric (M) Fried=peace, rik=king = M: Frdric, Fredo (fr), Federico (it), Federigo (sp, port), Friedrich (germ), Fred, Freddie (eng), Frederik (scand) = F: Frdrique (fr), Federica (it), Frederika (eng), Frederika, Frieda (scand), Friederike (germ) Frideswide (F) o.e Frithuswide, frithu=peace, swith=fort Friedemann (M) Germany: Man of Peace Friedhelm (M) Germany: Helmet of Peace Friedwulf (M) Germany; Frithuwulf: Wolf of Peace Fulco (M) Folc=people -> Fulk, Fawke, Fulke, Fulcher, Folco Gilbert (M) Teutonic ghsel=pledge (important families exchanged their children as pledges to maintain peace) or gisil=arrow, behrt=shiny = M: Gijsbert, Gisbertus, Gijsbrecht (ned), Gijsbert, Giesbert, Gisbert, Giselbert, Gijp, Gyspert (fris), Gilberto (sp, it, port), Gysbert (germ) = F: Gijske (Ned, Fris), Gilberte (fr) -> M: Gelbrech Heimerich (M) = M: Henri (Fr), Henry (Eng) Arrigo (archaic it), Enrico (it) -> M: Anriet Ingram (M) From a family name, germ Angilramnus, angil=angel, hraban=raven = Engelram (eng), Enguerran, Enguerrand (fr) Karl (M) Germ karl and eng Ceorl: (Free) Man = M: Carlo, Carlino, Carolo (it), Carlos, Carlito (sp), Carl, Karl (germ), Carol (rum), Caerbhaill, Caerbhail, Caerbhall (irel), Charles, Charlie (eng), Karel (cz, sl), Carel, Karel (ned), Chae (scot), Charles, Carl, carolin, Charlot (fr), Carls (fin) = F: Carla, Carlita, Carolina (sp), Carole, Caroline (fr), Cheryl (eng), Caroliina (fin) -> M: Caroll, Chas, Carle, Karley -> M, F: Caryl -> F: Charlotte, Charlne, Charline, Charline, Lola, Charlette, Arlette, Arlne, Arline (fr), Carlotta, Lotta (it, sp), Karlota, Lotte (germ) Kiefer (M) barrel-maker Ogden (M) o.e: lives beside the oaks Richard (M) -> Dick (maybe from the difficulty experienced by the medieval English in pronouncing the Norman rolled r) Thane (M) US, o.e: Nobleman, Lord York (M) From a surname, from the area of York, originally Eoforwc=boar farm = Iorvik, Iork (scand) Compiled and formatted by Joumana Medlej Website: www.cedarseed.com Email: mana-at-cedarseed.com | |
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