61. BRITISH EMPIRICISM: Others include Joseph Butler 16921752 and Adam Smith 1723-1790, esp.his Theory of Moral Sentiments (rather than his economics). http://members.optusnet.com.au/~gjmoses/EMPIRISM.htm

BRITISH EMPIRICISM Return to Unit Outline Return to Home Page John Locke, 1632-1704; George Berkeley, 1685-1753; David Hume, 1711-1776. Others include Joseph Butler 1692-1752 and Adam Smith 1723-1790, esp. his Theory of Moral Sentiments (rather than his economics). "Empiricist": a convenient way of suggesting two things: a broad similarity of approach: the paradigm of good thinking is the empirical method supposedly followed by Newton and going back to Bacon, rather than maths the fact of a tradition, and a development from one to the other: Berkeley and Hume taking the philosophical approach of Locke to its logical conclusion, in brief as follows: Locke Mind perceptions Objects Berkeley Mind perceptions Hume perceptions BRITISH EMPIRICISM/THE DEVELOPMENT FROM LOCKE THROUGH BERKELEY TO HUME/HUME'S DESTRUCTION OF 18TH CENTURY EMPIRICISM JOHN LOCKE An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Locke and the others, versus the Rationalists: no innate ideas: all ideas are derived from experience. all knowledge of matters of fact and existence is based on experience. the inductive method, (going back to Francis Bacon and beyond that into the Middle Ages, and supposedly followed by Newton), as the way of getting from particular matters of experienced fact to laws and theories: general laws are derived by a comparison of particular instances.

62. History Of Philosophy: Modern And Contemporary Joseph Butler 16921752, in England , also a bishop, important in moral philosophyand the founder of the British tradition of empirical theology;. http://members.optusnet.com.au/~gjmoses/RATEMP2k3.htm

History of Philosophy: Modern and Contemporary Return to Unit Outline Return to Home Page After Descartes RATIONALISM AND EMPIRICISM N.B. N.B.: distinguish clearly between Rationalism versus Empiricism on the one hand and Idealism versus Materialism on the other. They are not at all the same distinction. Berkeley , for example, is an Empiricist Idealist; Hobbes on the other hand is a Rationalist Materialist, as are also the Greek Atomists. The first distinction has to do with method of thinking, whether you emphasize reason or experience; the second distinction has to do with content of thinking, whether you believe that everything is ideas/the content, expression or projection of someone's mind, or everything is matter. RATIONALISM From 'ratio' , reason. For a rationalist, the clarity and order of thinking is what counts, frequently with Mathematics as model (= the case with 17th Century Rationalists such as Descartes, Spinoza and Leibniz). A Rationalist has two main characteristics: 1) Not to accept anything that they do not clearly and distinctly conceive to be so; on the other hand, 2) In respect of what to accept, to follow the argument wherever it leads, no matter how counter-intuitive the result; e.g. that this is the best of all possible worlds (Leibniz) or that this is but one (or two - mind and matter) of an infinite number of co-existent worlds (Spinoza)., or that this world is a unchanging, homogeneous sphere (the ancient Greek philosopher Parmenides).

63. Catholic Online Forum Discussion Area: Essay On The Development Of Christian Doc I think that this would be Bishop Joseph Butler (16921752) who in 1736 wrote a controversialwork on morality called Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed http://oldforum.catholic.org/discussion/messages/41/700851.html?1043615531

64. Velleity Of Velleities Frederick Copleston documents a homologous line of thought in theAnglican bishop Joseph Butler (16921752) It may be objected http://kevinjjones.blogspot.com/2003_05_01_kevinjjones_archive.html

get rid of this ad advertise here All is Velleity Archives Trying to cope with the slightest movements of the will. Interesting posts: Notes on Louis Dupre Leisure: the Basis of Culture Theosis Freedom of Indifference vs. Freedom for Excellence: Part 1 Part 2 Soloviev, etc. Selected Orestes Brownson Quotations ... E-mail Me Links I like: Romulus ( FR LF LF cornelis ( FR My webpage Literate Catholics Unite! FreeRepublic.com , where I go by Amy Welborn's Blog Mark Shea's Blog Eve Tushnet The Old Oligarch ... The Corner at National Review Online Velleity of Velleities Thursday, May 29, 2003 On Kantian Aesthetics, and its relevance for JPII's Theology of the Body Kant: 'Taste is the power of judging of an object or of a way of representing it through an entirely disinterested satisfaction or dissatisfaction. The object of such a satisfaction is called beautiful '[The Critique of Judgement] 6:39 PM "Further, [Johann Gottfried] Herder attacks the idea that history should be interpreted as a movement of progress towards the modern State. He implies at least that the development of a modern State had little to do with reason, and that it was due rather to purely historical factors. The members of a tribe may very well have been happier than many inhabitants of a great modern State, in which 'hundreds must go hungry so that one can strut and wallow in luxury.' And Herder's dislike for authoritarian government is plain enough. When he published the second part he had to omit the statements that the best ruler is the one who contributes the most to making rulers unnecessary, and that governments are like bad doctors who treat their patients in such a way that the latter are in constant need of them."

65. Index Translate this page Francis, Sir, 1821-1890 Gutenberg Bury, Richard de, 1287-1345 Gutenberg Butler,Ellis Parker, 1869-1937 Gutenberg Butler, Joseph, 1692-1752 Gutenberg Butler http://www.elbooks.sk/angautB.html

Anglický autor pís. B Babbage, Charles, 1791-1871 Gutenberg Bacheller, Irving, 1859-1950. Gutenberg Bacon, Francis, 1561-1626 Gutenberg Bacon, John Mackenzie, 1846-1904 Gutenberg Badger, Joseph E., Jr, 1848- Gutenberg Baker, Ray Stannard, 1870-1946 AKA: Grayson, David, 1870-1946, Gutenberg Baker, Samuel White, Sir, 1821-1893 Gutenberg Ball, Hugo, 1886-1927 Gutenberg Ball, Robert S. (Robert Stawell), Sir, 1840-1913 Gutenberg Ballantyne, R. M. (Robert Michael), 1825-1894 Gutenberg Balzac, Honore de, 1799-1850 Gutenberg Bamford, Mary E. (Mary Ellen) Gutenberg Bancroft, Elizabeth Davis, 1803-1886 Gutenberg Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 1832-1918 Gutenberg Bangs, John Kendrick, 1862-1922 Gutenberg Bannerman, Helen, 1862-1946 Gutenberg Barber, H. (Horatio), 1875- Gutenberg Barber, Margaret Fairless, 1869-1901 AKA: Fairless, Michael, 1869-1901 Gutenberg Barbour, A. Maynard (Anna Maynard) Gutenberg Barclay, Florence L. (Florence Louisa), 1862-1921 Gutenberg Baring, Maurice, 1874-1945 Gutenberg Barker, Nettie Garmer Gutenberg Barr, Amelia E., Edith Huddleston, 1831-1919 Gutenberg Barrie, J. M. (James Matthew), 1860-1937

66. Joseph Butler Joseph Butler (1692 1752) Joseph Butler grew up in a Presbyterian family, but in 1715 he In the 19th century Butlerâ s writings became central to the theological curriculum http://www.st-petersweb.org/lesson6.html

Joseph Butler (1692 - 1752) Joseph Butler grew up in a Presbyterian family, but in 1715 he conformed to the Church of England and entered Oriel College, Oxford. Three years later he received his degree and was ordained, becoming the preacher at the Rolls Chapel. He remained in this post until 1726, the year that his Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel were published. The sermons are, in fact, a full articulation of his moral philosophy. In 1736 he published his Analogy of Religion ... there is a superior principle of reflection or conscience in every man, which distinguishes between the internal principles of his heart, as well as his external actions: which passes judgment upon himself and them; pronounces determinatively some actions to be in themselves just, right, good; others to be in themselves evil, wrong, unjust: which, without being consulted, without being advised with, magisterially exerts itself, and approves or condemns him the doer of them accordingly.... It is by this faculty, natural to man, that he is a moral agent, that he is a law to himself....(Sermon 2) It is come, I know not how, to be taken for granted, by many persons, that Christianity is not so much a subject for enquiry but that it is, now at length, discovered to be fictitious. And accordingly they treat it as if in the present age this were an agreed point among all people of discernment, and nothing remained, but to set it up as a principal subject of mirth and ridicule, as it were by way of reprisals, for its having so long interrupted the pleasures of the world. (Advertisement to the

67. Joseph Butler Joseph Butler Joseph Butler (1692 1752) English bishop and philosopher p Joseph Butler was born on May 18, 1692 in Wantage, Berkshire, England. In 1736 he was made the head chaplain of King http://www.abacci.com/books/authorDetails.asp?authorID=399

68. Butler, Joseph. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. Butler, Joseph. 1692–1752,English bishop and exponent of natural theology. Butler http://www.bartleby.com/65/bu/ButlrJos.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Butler, Joseph

69. The Darwin Correspondence Online Database Joseph Butler, 1692–1752. For a list of all references in the database, includinga list of any letters exchanged with Charles Darwin, click on Refs above. http://darwin.lib.cam.ac.uk/perl/nav?pclass=name&pkey=Butler, Joseph

70. Joseph Butler Thoemmes Press publishes primary sources and reference works in the History of Ideas for the academic community. Joseph Butler. 1692â 1752. Joseph Butler was born at Wantage on 18 May 1692 and http://www.thoemmes.com/404.asp?404;http://www.thoemmes.com/encyclopedia/butler.

71. Butler, Joseph Butler, Joseph, 1692–1752, English bishop and exponent of natural theology. Butlerheld a series of church offices, ending his career as bishop of Durham. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0809625.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... D-Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia Butler, Joseph Butler, Joseph, , English bishop and exponent of natural theology. Butler held a series of church offices, ending his career as bishop of Durham. His principle writings are Fifteen Sermons (1726), in which he set forth his moral philosophy, and The Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed, to the Constitution and Course of Nature (1736), aimed at combating the influence of deism in England. Both works became standard references in the education of Anglican and other clergy until the late 19th cent. In ethics, Butler was part of the 17th and 18th cent. attempt to find a foundation for morals without appeal to the divine will; he insisted on the complexity of human nature against one-sided accounts by Thomas Hobbes and Anthony Ashley Cooper (see Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3d earl of

72. The Analogy Of Religion, Natural And Revealed, To The Constitution The analogy of religion, natural and revealed, to the constitution and course of nature. / By Joseph Butler With an analysis of the work. By Rev. B. F. Tefft Tefft, B. F. (Benjamin http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/AJF5594&y=02B994

73. Butler Union general in the Civil War. 2. Joseph, 1692–1752, English bishop,theologian, and author. 3. Nicholas Murray, 1862–1947, US http://www.infoplease.com/ipd/A0357052.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... D-Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Dictionary Pronunciation: u r), [key] n. the chief male servant of a household, usually in charge of serving food, the care of silverware, etc. a male servant having charge of the wines and liquors. Pronunciation: u r), [key] n. Benjamin Franklin, Joseph, Nicholas Murray, Pierce, Samuel, Samuel, Pronunciation: E u n), [key] a city in W Pennsylvania. 17,026. buteo butlerage About Contact ... Privacy Related sites:

74. Joseph Butler, Bishop Of Durham, Theologian Butler was born in 1692 and ordained in 1718. In 1726 he published Fifteen Sermons, preached at the Rolls Chapel in London, and chiefly dealing with human nature and its implications for ethics and http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bio/187.html

Butler was born in 1692 and ordained in 1718. In 1726 he published Fifteen Sermons, preached at the Rolls Chapel in London, and chiefly dealing with human nature and its implications for ethics and practical Christian life. He maintained that it is normal for a man to have an instinct of self-interest, which leads him to seek his own good, and equally normal for him to have an instinct of benevolence, which leads him to seek the good of others individually and generally, and that the two aims do not in fact conflict. He served as parish priest in several parishes, and in 1736 was appointed chaplain to Queen Caroline, wife of King George II. In the same year he published his masterpiece, The Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed, To the Constitution and Course of Nature (often cited simply as "Butler's Analogy"), a work chiefly directed against Deism, of which more will be said below. Appended to the main work was a treatise, Of the Nature of Virtue, which establishes him as one of the foremost British writers on ethics, or moral philosophy. When the Queen died in 1737, Butler was made Bishop of Bristol. (In England at that time, bishoprics and parish churches were supported each by a separate source of income that had been established for it perhaps centuries earlier, and in consequence the funding was very unequal. Bristol, being the lowest paid of all bishoprics, was where a new bishop usually started. Later, he might be promoted to another diocese. The Reform movement of the 1830's and its aftermath have remedied this situation.) However, George II had been impressed with him earlier, and in 1746 he was called back to court and the next year offered the post of Archbishop of Canterbury. He refused the post, but in 1750 he became Bishop of Durham (in the north of England, near the Scottish border, and well known even then as having a tradition of bishops whose speeches and writings attract public attention). He died there on 16 June 1752.

75. Joseph Butler Joseph Butler. 1692 1752. http://www.class.uidaho.edu/mickelsen/butler.htm

Joseph Butler The Analogy of Religion - Appendix I: Of Personal Identity Secondary Source Material: Joseph Butler : Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Joseph Butler Readings in Modern Philosophy

76. Readings In Modern Philosophy to Montesquieu, Baron de Montesquieu (16891775). to Butler, JosephButler (1692-1752). to Hutcheson, Francis Hutcheson (1694-1746). to http://www.class.uidaho.edu/mickelsen/readings.htm

text only version Giordano Bruno Francis Bacon Tommaso Campanella ... Friedrich Schelling Readings in Modern Philosophy Political Maps Europe 17th-19th Centuries Timelines Europe 17th-19th Centuries History of Philosophy by Alfred Weber Links T his site is believed to meet the minimum standards for accessibility as defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act (29 USC § 791 et seq Unless otherwise noted, the content of this site is J. Carl Mickelsen Department of Philosophy University of Idaho

77. Joseph Butler: Quotes Quotes, Jokes and Anecdotes. The Best Known Passages from Butler. Analogyof Religion, II.iv.2. Anecdotes about Butler. Biographical Anecdotes. http://sun1.sjfc.edu/~dwhite/butler/quotes.html

Joseph Butler Home Site Map Search Site Search Web ... Feedback Quotes, Jokes and Anecdotes The Best Known Passages from Butler [A] Everything is what it is, and not another thing. Fifteen Sermons "This remark has become a philosophical commonplace since Moore used it as the epigraph for his Principia Ethica . However, despite the vast number of authors who cite it, the source of the remark in Butler is seldom given. After a vain search through some of Butler's works, I have decided to maintain this tradition." Brennan (1988) 116. In Quiddities , Quine has Butler say, "A number is what it is and not another number." Gale (1991) 320 paraphrases Butler, "everything is what it is, no matter why it is what it is." [B] Things and actions are what they are, and the consequences of them will be what they will be: why then should we desire to be deceived? Fifteen Sermons , VII [C] It is as easy to close the eyes of the mind, as those of the body: and the former is more frequently done with wilfulness, and yet not attended to, than the latter. Fifteen Sermons X.11

78. Joseph Butler At PhilosophyClassics.com -- Essays, Resources Start your day with a thoughtprovoking quote from the world s greatest thinkersand writers. Sign up to The Daily Muse for free. Joseph Butler. 1692 - 1752 *. http://www.philosophyclassics.com/philosophers/Butler/

Start your day with a thought-provoking quote from the world's greatest thinkers and writers. Sign up to The Daily Muse for free. Joseph Butler Anglican Bishop whose moral philosophy criticises hedonism and provides an alternative which borrows from a number of other approaches Biography not found. These essays offer analysis of the author's life and works. Many of them have been submitted by users, and are assigned an Editorial Rating on a scale from one to five stars to assist you in evaluating their worth. See also: Note on Essays Editorial Policy No essays about this philosopher have been added yet. Our database is growing rapidly check back soon! Primary Sites Brush Up on Butler Information on Butler's life, work and influence with links to the rest of the web. http://sun1.sjfc.edu/~dwhite/butler Editorial Rating: Number of Visitors: users have rated it an average of stars [ rate it And pulpit, drum ecclesiastick, Was beat with fist instead of a stick. Hudibras. Part i. Canto i. Line 11. Samuel Butler We grant, although he had much wit

79. Biography Of Joseph Butler Joseph Butler (1692 1752). Moral philosopher and theologian, bornin Wantage, Berkshire, Southern England, UK. He studied at Oxford http://www.ourcivilisation.com/smartboard/shop/butlerj/about.htm

Joseph Butler Moral philosopher and theologian, born in Wantage, Berkshire, Southern England, UK. He studied at Oxford, took orders, and was appointed preacher at the Rolls Chapel, London (1718). While holding various church appointments, he wrote his major work, The Analogy of Religion (1736), in which he argued that objections against revealed religion may also be levelled against the whole constitution of nature. He was made Bishop of Bristol (1738), Dean of St Paul's (1740), and Bishop of Durham (1750). Biographies Classics Library A Study Of Our Decline ... Home

80. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Joseph Butler (Protestant Christianity, Biographies) - E Joseph Butler 1692–1752, English bishop and exponent of natural theology. Butlerheld a series of church offices, ending his career as bishop of Durham. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/B/ButlrJos.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather SEARCH : in Reference June 03, 2004 You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Protestant Christianity, Biographies ... Joseph Butler By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z B Joseph Butler, Protestant Christianity, Biographies Related Category: Protestant Christianity, Biographies Joseph Butler Fifteen Sermons (1726), in which he set forth his moral philosophy, and The Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed, to the Constitution and Course of Nature (1736), aimed at combating the influence of deism in England. Both works became standard references in the education of Anglican and other clergy until the late 19th cent. In ethics, Butler was part of the 17th and 18th cent. attempt to find a foundation for morals without appeal to the divine will; he insisted on the complexity of human nature against one-sided accounts by Thomas Hobbes and Anthony Ashley Cooper (see Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3d earl of ). In his natural theology he attempted to show that revealed religion was no less probable than the limited affirmations made of God by the deists See studies by E. C. Mossner (1936, repr. 1971), A. E. Duncan-Jones (1952), and P. A. Carlson (1964).

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