21. Autorzy - Biblioteka Wirtualna Kolegium Karkonoskiego - Project AKA Grile, Dod Biggers, Earl Derr, 18841933 Bigges, Walter, d. 1586 Bindloss,Harold, 1866-1945 Bird, HE (Henry Edward), 1830-1906 Bird, Isabella L http://www.kk.jgora.pl/gutenberg/authors.htm

BIBLIOTEKA WIRTUALNA KOLEGIUM KARKONOSKIEGO Projekt realizowany we wspó³pracy z PROJECT GUTENBERG BIBLIOTEKA ADDITIONAL AUTHORS: [END] WYSZUKIWARKA STRONA G£ÓWNA design by mochola,Y2K3

22. Présentation Du Dictionnaire Des Auteurs Anglais d Alep 1605 A019 Bigges Walter Soldat mort 1586 1585 208 BIGOD Sir Francis MP 150715371534 209 BILBROUGH John Apprenti de London 1591 210 BILLINGHAM Richard http://193.55.96.69/genet/liste003.htm

accueil cueil entation interrogation simple interrogation fine base des auteurs recherche fulltext dans la dictionnaire LISTE DES AUTEURS (Y COMPRIS LES REFUSES A B C ... Z ABELL Thomas Chapelain royal mort 1540 1528 3 ABENDON Henry : voir ABINGDON Henri ABENDON Thomas : voir ABINGDON Thomas ABINGDON Henri Warden de Merton College mort 1437 1414 4 ABINGDON Thomas O.E.S.A. mort 1470 ? 1457 5 ABOROUGH John : BOROUGH John a ABYNDON Henry : voir ABINGDON Henri ABYNDON Thomas : voir ABINGDON Thomas ACHEDUNUS Johannes : voir ACTON John ACHELEY Thomas 1587 A001 ACHURCHE John of O.S.B. 1347 6 ACTON John O.P. 1390 8 ACUTUM Johannes : voir SHARPE John. ACWORTH George Chancelier de Winchester ? 1534-1592 ? 1573 9 ADAM the Carthusian : voir HORSLEY Adam. ADAMS Nicholas M.P. ? 1521-1584 1562 11 ADAMS Robert Architecte mort 1595 1588 12 ADAMS William I Marin mort 1620 1604 13 ADAMS William II 1620 A002 ADYS Miles Chamberlain de Londres 1479 14 AGARDE Arthur Clerk of the Exchequer 1540-1615 1590 15 AGAS Ralph Land surveyor ? 1545-1621 ? 16

23. Antique Maps ~ David Bannister, Rare Maps, Posters, Prints, Map Fair GIOVANNI MATTEO CONTARINI d. 1507 FRANCESCO ROSSELLI 1445c 1604, 1605, 1620, 1713Reissued 1586 Re-engraved West Indian Voyage by Walter Bigges, published in http://www.antiquemaps.co.uk/chapter11.html

MAPS IN STOCK PRINTS IN STOCK MAP FAIR DATES COLLECTING ANTIQUE MAPS ... LINKS Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Introduction Contents Chapter 12 Chapter 11 ITALY Geographia, which, 1,250 years after its compilation, came as a revelation to scholars in Western Europe. In the following fifty years or so manuscript copies, translated into Latin and other languages, became available in limited numbers but the invention of movable-type printing transformed the scene: the first copy without maps being printed in 1475 followed by many with copper-engraved maps, at Bologna in 1477, Rome 1478, 1490, 1507 and 1508, and Florence 1482. About this time, for a variety of historical and commercial reasons, Italy's position as the leading trading and financial nation rapidly declined and with it her superiority in cartography was lost to the vigorous new states in the Low Countries. That is not to say, of course, that Italian skills as map makers were lost entirely for it was not until 1620 that the first printed maps of Italy by an Italian, Giovanni Magini, appeared, and much later in the century there were fine maps by Giacomo de Rossi and Vincenzo Coronelli, the latter leading a revival of interest in cartography at the end of the century. Coronelli was also famous for the construction of magnificent large-size globes and for the foundation in Venice in 1680 of the first geographical society.

24. Marvellous Countries And Lands de Herrera later observed, they nam d it Florida Sir Francis Drake on May 28, 1586(Leiden, 1588 map which was published to illustrate Walter Bigges account of http://www.broward.org/library/bienes/lii14003.htm

"Marvellous countries and lands" Notable Maps of Florida, 1507-1846 Ralph E. Ehrenberg First Images Spanish Florida French Florida English Carolina-Spanish Florida Borderland Disputes ... East and West Florida First Images Karte des Mexikanischen Golfes (nach Pineda?), ca. 1519 (1991). Top of Page Spanish Florida Access was severely restricted but unauthorized copies occasionally found their way into the general map trade. A section pertaining to Florida and the New World, for example, was printed in Italy by Giovanni Battista Ramusio to accompany his book on the Indies (Venice, 1534). Ramusio apparently gained access to a copy of Ribeiro's 1529 planisphere through the Venetian ambassador to Spain.9 The rare Ribeiro-Martyr woodcut, only three examples are known, provides a remarkably accurate portrayal of Florida's coastal outline although it lacks the place names found on Ribeiro's original chart. 12 In the southeast the Appalachian Mountain chain makes an early appearance although it too is incorrectly depicted, aligned in a northwestern rather than a northeastern orientation. The representation of these major features and the rectangular configuration of the Florida peninsula serve as unique identification markers for this map type.

25. History The Website Of The IHR Home Page Gretton, Lincoln, 15711586, III, ix. 24 Bigges, John (d. 1544) - Preb. 125Blandford, Walter (d. 1675) - Bishop, Worcester, 1671-1675, III, vii. http://www.history.ac.uk/fasti/fasti1541b.html

Institute of Historical Research Home About Us Events Research Centres ... Site Search Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae, 1541 - 1857: B Online index A B C D E F ... W (no entries) Y Z Baber , John (d. 1628) - Preb. Combe XIV, Bath and Wells, 1597-1628, III, v. 50 Babington , Gervase (d. 1610) - Bishop, Worcester, 1597-1610, III, vii. 106 Babthorpe , Robert (William) (d. 1570) - Subdean, York, 1548-1570, III, iv. 11 Bachter , John (c. 1568-1570) - Bursal Preb., Chichester, 1568-1570, III, ii. 66 Backhouse , Gilbert (c. 1581-97) - Canon of 5th preb., Worcester, 1581-?, III, vii. 123 Backhouse , William (d. 1788) - Archdeacon of Canterbury, Canterbury, 1769-1788, III, iii. 16 Backshell , John (d. 1750) - Resid. canon, Chichester, 1736-1750, III, ii. 78; Preb. Hova Ecclesia, Chichester, 1720-1750, III, ii. 40 Bacon , Francis (d. 1684) - Preb. Highleigh, Chichester, 1669-1684, III, ii. 38; Preb. Bishopshurst, Chichester, 1684-1684, III, ii. 20 Bacon , Thomas (d. 1560) - Canon of 6th preb., Ely, 1544-1560, III, vii. 24

26. Wiveliscombe Parish Register Bigges, John, 23 Mar 1595, John, BILLOUNT, Thomas, 26 Apr 1573, John, surnamesuspect. BROOKE, William, 30 Apr 1643, Walter, Mary, BROUGHTON, Judith, 11 Mar 1586,William, http://www.pbenyon.plus.com/H_m_w/Wiv_N/Bap/B.html

Index Baptisms A B C D ... Unreadable Wiveliscombe Parish Register Baptisms B Surname Christian Date Baptised Father Mother Birth Date Occupation Comments B Jasper 25 Mar 1629 John surname unreadable Mary 21 Mar 1607 Thomas surname unreadable John 26 Feb 1641 John Mary surname unreadable John 20 May 1706 John Margaret surname unreadable BDON William 24 Oct 1745 Robert Jane surname unreadable BDOW daughter 22 Jan 1614 William BGORE Agnes 02 May 1640 Edward Melior surname unreadable BACKWAY Mary 21 Oct 1717 Joseph Jane BACKWAY Elizabeth 04 Oct 1719 Joseph Jane BACKWAY Jane 26 Nov 1722 Joseph Jane BACKWAY Mary 26 Nov 1722 Joseph Jane BACOMBE James 12 Aug 1643 john unreadable BAKER John 14 Oct 1580 John BAKER Peeter 29 Jun 1582 John BAKER daughter 06 Feb 1607 John first name unreadable BAKER Phillip 26 May 1611 John BAKER George 22 Aug 1615 John BAKER Elizabeth 04 Dec 1651 Thomas BAKER William 01 Nov 1664 Elizabeth spinster single - base born BAKER James 27 Nov 1719 William Jane BAKER John 02 May 1721 William Joan BAKER Thomas 08 Mar 1723 William Jane BAKER Elizabeth 25 Oct 1723 John Mary BAKER Robert 24 Dec 1724 William Jane BAKER Thomas 06 Mar 1726 John Mary BAKER Jane 11 Nov 1726 William Jane BAKER George 07 Apr 1728 John Mary BAKER Moses 31 May 1729 William Jane BAKER William 05 Nov 1730 John Mary BAKER Joseph 15 Nov 1731 William Jane BAKER Joan 12 Apr 1732 John Mary BAKER James 06 Jul 1735 John Mary BAKER William 22 Feb 1738 John Mary BAKER Thomas 28 Sep 1746 John Ann BAKER John 02 Jul 1749 John Mary BAKER Ann 11 Apr 1750 Elizabeth spinster single - base born BAKER James 05 Jul 1752 John Ann BAKER John 26 May 1754 George Joan BAKER William 25 Jul 1756 John Ann BAKER Mary

27. Drake’s Great Armada. Captain Walter Bigges. 1909-14. Voyages And Travels: Anci Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L NARRATIVE MAINLY BY CAPTAIN Walter Bigges A Summary and True Discourse William Cecil, Captain Walter Bigges, 1 Captain John Hannam, http://www.bartleby.com/33/51.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Nonfiction Harvard Classics Voyages and Travels PREVIOUS ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD Voyages and Travels: Ancient and Modern. The Harvard Classics.

28. Drakesraid Da Capo Press New York 1969) P.5. 2 Bigges pp.32 to the ground and continued hisway, voyaging up the coast to reach Sir Walter Raleigh s colony I’d put my http://mywebpages.comcast.net/calderon/drakesraid.htm

Drake's Raid God grant they may have had a better fate, and that these Lutherans may be confounded, and may he help your majesty to chastise their arrogance in the manner it deserves. History An English Account of the Siege of St. Augustine 1586 Another English Account of Drake's Raid Some Spanish Accounts of Drake’s Raid on St. Augustine In the Aftermath of Drake's Raid ... The Illustrated Drake's Raid Re-enactment Reflections of Drake's Raid of 1586 Drake's 98 Drake's 99 From the Things to Yell, When Attacked by the English, Class ... Some other links to Drake's Raid An English Account of the Siege of St. Augustine 1586 Although I have replaced the archaic typeface and modernized the spelling in this selection I have left the antiquated words, punctuation and run-on sentences to retain the flavor of the original document. -ed. Selections from Sir Frances West Indian Voyage by Walter Bigges London 1589 p.42-46 After three days spent in watering our ships, we departed now the second time from this Cape of St. Anthony the thirteenth of May, and proceeding about the Cape of Florida, we never touched anywhere, but coasting alongst Florida, and keeping the shore still in sight, the eight and twentieth of May early in the morning, we descried on the shore a place built like a Beacon, which was in deed a scaffold upon four long masts, raised on end for men to discover to the seaward, being in the latitude of thirty degrees, or very near there unto. Our Pinnaces manned, and coming to the shore, we marched up alongst the riverside, to see what place the enemy held there; for none amongst us had any knowledge thereof at all.

29. Project Gutenberg Titles Aaron's Rod, by Lawrence, D. H. ( David Herbert), 18851930 Aesthetic Poetry, by Pater, Walter, 1839-1894 Defence Of Poesie And Poems, A, by Sidney, Philip, Sir, 1554-1586 http://www.surfsteve.com/gutenberg/titles.htm

Project Gutenberg Titles Use control-f to find keywords This is Project Gutenberg. This list has been downloaded from: "The Official and Original Project Gutenberg Web Site and Home Page" (http://promo.net/pg/) PROJECT GUTENBERG ETEXTS TITLES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER Last Updated: Saturday 30 March 2002 by Pietro Di Miceli (webmaster@promo.net) The following etext have been released by Project Gutenberg. This list serves as reference only. For downloading books, please use our catalogs or search at: http://promo.net/pg/ Or check our FTP archive at: ftp://ibiblio.org/pub/docs/books/gutenberg/ and etext subdirectories. For problems with the FTP archives (ONLY) email gbnewby@ils.unc.edu, be sure to include a description of what happened AND which mirror site you were using. THANKS for visiting Project Gutenberg. $30,000 Bequest And Other Stories, The, by Twain, Mark, 1835-1910 , by Hubbard, Mina Benson , by Lindlahr, Henry, 1862-1924 , by Morley, Christopher, 1890-1957 , by Ray, T. Bronson, 1868- 1492, by Johnston, Mary, 1870-1936 1601, by Twain, Mark, 1835-1910

30. Elizabethan Essex - A Names Index The Following Names Are Indexed 154 BAKER Walter Chelmsford brewer, great overcharging 1583 302 Tobias Colchester,son of Theodorus v/d Berghe 117 Pease of Gt Baddow 114 Bigges George Dedham http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~mwi/Ess16c1.txt

<20 in 1558 103 BATTELL John Eastwood yman, 1597 will includes apples > wife 31 BATTELL John Leigh fisherman, will mentions sprats, 1558 70 BATTELL John Leigh, left 40/- each to four children, 1558 103 BATTELL Margery Leigh on Sea, dau of Jn Battell, <20 in 1558 103 BATTELL Richard Leigh on Sea, son of Jn Battell, <20 in 1558 103 BATTELL Robert Leigh on Sea, son of Jn Battell, <21 104 COOKE Elizabeth Romford, dau of Margery Cooke, to Mrs Flouere 105 COOKE George Romford, son of Margery Cooke 105 COOKE Henry eldest Castle Hed'ham, left fair equipt>son 91 COOKE Henry ygr Castle Hedingham, son of Henry Cooke 91 COOKE John Rochford gmn, undertook to engage labourer 1572 155 COOKE John Heybridge grocer, expt of butter/cheese 1591 181 COOKE John Layer Breton tallowman, will of 1584 81 COOKE John Landlord of Lawrence White of Gt Baddow 80 COOKE Lawrence Colchester, son of Richd C, <21 in 1581 110 FRINDE John S Benfleet, 6 ewes willed to daughter, 1581 110 FRITH Humphrey N Ockendon ymn, gave shooting bow/quiver, 1591 135 FROSTE John Belchamp Walter, bt land of J Debenham >chimney 3 FRYER Walter Moulsham cooper, took poultry, goods taken 1598 212 FULLER Anne Romford, dau of Richard Fuller

31. Essex, Suffolk & Norfolk Genealogy, Census, Marriages & Other Stuff. SUPPORT Wor John Dygbee, John Browne sworn, William Bigges, John Crackenell Hammond, Jeremy Boosye,ohn Draper, Walter Wilsher, Samuel and Great Sampford as in D/Dht T130 http://kevw.net/Lagden-SEAX-info.htm

Free 14 day Trial To U.K. and Ireland Records If you want more information about the family - then try http://kevw.net - you are welcome to add this to your favourites! List of deeds Tracing descent of property from Robert Lagden to Ferdinand Mordaunt. 18 Jan 1504 Feoffment by Edward Kyrkby, chaplin, John Coo,/and William cote, at the request of Joan barker of Hempstead, widow, to robert Lagden and Agnes his wife, eldest d. of John Barker of Hempstead and the said Joan, his wife, of all their messuages, lands, etc. in Hempstead, Bumpstead Helyon and Hempstead in the fee of Sampford, also a croft of 6 ac. called 'Havelok-a-downe' in Great Sampford, all of which they had of the feoffment of the said John barker, remainder to Thomas Herde and Joan his wife, the second daughter, John Barker of Wimbish and Alice his wife, the third daughter, and Robert Clarauns and Denise his wife, the fourth daughter. Witnesses: Ric. Westley; Thomas Westley; Ric. Chunne; Will. aleyn; John Walkelyn. Agnes Barker m. Robert Lagden

32. Harvard Classics Voyage Round the World Captain Walter Bigges Drake s Great 15231566) Amantium Irae Sir Walter RALEIGH (1552 Poems selected Sir Edward DYER (d. 1607) My http://my.execpc.com/~berrestr/set-hc.html

Retexts The Harvard Classics Edited by Charles W. Eliot Contents Volume 1 Benjamin FRANKLIN (1706-1790) Autobiography John WOOLMAN (1720-1772) Journal of Life and Times William PENN (1644-1718) Some Fruits of Solitude Volume 2 PLATO (c. 427-347 B. C.) Apology , Benjamin Jowett, trans. Phaedo , Benjamin Jowett, trans. Crito , Benjamin Jowett, trans. EPICTETUS (c. 60-c.138) The Golden Sayings , Hastings Crossley, trans. MARCUS Aurelius Antoninus (Marcus Annius Verus, 121-180) Meditations , George Long, trans. Volume 3 Francis BACON, 1st Baron Verulam (1561-1626) Essays, Civil and Moral The New Atlantis John MILTON (1608-1674) Areopagitica Tractate on Education Sir Thomas BROWNE (1605-1682) Religio Medici Volume 4 John MILTON (1608-1674) The Complete Poems Volume 5 Ralph Waldo EMERSON (1803-1882) Essays English Traits Volume 6 Robert BURNS (1759-1796) Poems and Songs Volume 7 Saint AUGUSTINE (354-430) Confessions (c. 397) Thomas a KEMPIS (c. 1380-1471) The Imitation of Christ (c. 1420) Volume 8 Nine Greek Dramas AESCHYLUS Agamemnon The Libation-Bearers The Furies Prometheus Bound SOPHOCLES Oedipus the King Antigone EURIPIDES Hippolytus The Bacchae ARISTOPHANES The Frogs Volume 9 Marcus Tullius CICERO (106-43 B.C.)

33. Genealogy Index For Surnames Beginning With B Beebe, Donald A. () Beebe, Donald Walter (-) Beebe, James Jane (living) Bias,George D. (-) Bias, Janis Biggerstaff, Ruth Alice (-) Bigges, William Jr. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~sekr/idxb.html

OAS_AD('Top'); Genealogy Index for surnames beginning with B Back to Main Page Babcock, Eliza Babcock, Sophronia Bachelor, Elizabeth (-1 SEP 1829) Back, Aaron Back, Alford (WFT Est. 1784-1811-WFT Est. 1835-1898) Back, Benjamin Back, Charles (29 JUL 1883-4 SEP 1935) Back, Elizabeth "Betsy" (1844-WFT Est. 1858-1938) Back, Ellender (1861-WFT Est. 1862-1955) Back, Henrietta (3 NOV 1889-WFT Est. 1915-1983) Back, Henry (29 SEP 1822-WFT Est. 1864-1913) Back, Henry (Jr.) (6 FEB 1785-28 MAY 1871) Back, Henry (Sr.) (BET. 1742 - 1765-WFT Est. 1789-1856) Back, Isaac Back, Jennie (WFT Est. 1826-1846-WFT Est. 1851-1930) Back, Jerry Back, John Back, John (BEF. 1828-WFT Est. 1847-1919) Back, John H. (BET. 1822 - 1829-) Back, John P. (6 FEB 1858-5 MAY 1933) Back, Joseph Back, Joseph Back, Lewis Back, Lewis (WFT Est. 1811-1831-WFT Est. 1845-1917) Back, Lucinda (1853-WFT Est. 1867-1947) Back, Mary Back, Mary "Polly" (1847-WFT Est. 1863-1941) Back, Mary Polly Back, Ottis (living) Back, Peter Back, Rebecca (1855-WFT Est. 1871-1949) Back, Susan

34. Consistory Court Of Canterbury Will Index - B 1586 1586 35/223 Beseley Richard Canterbury Christ Ch Maidstone 1579 34/94a BicknallWalter Aldington 1638 George Fordwich 1609 1609 40/136 Bigges William Lydd http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~mrawson/cc_b.html

OAS_AD('Top'); Consistory Court of Canterbury Will Index Volumes 27-52 B Source: DCb/PRC32/ Vol 27 – 52 Circa 1558 – 1646, Canterbury Cathedral Archives For more information read the Introduction A B C ... Y SURNAME FORENAME PLACE MADE PROB V/F/S CONT. Consistory Court Will Index - B Created by Maureen Rawson OAS_AD('Bottom');

35. Descendants Of Richard Hull Generation No. 1 1. RICHARD1 HULL1,2,3 Walter HULL743, b. October 01, 1770, Redding, CT744. CHARLES KOOPMAN, b. August 03,1919; d. August 03, 1919. a man s size 7 shoe.But,he had the Bigges th eart http://www.genealogy.com/users/m/u/n/Marilynn-J-Munoz-CA/FILE/0005text.txt

36. B ABC DEFGHIJKL NOTES Dpr of the 1586 Rome edition AUTHOR Back, Jacobus de (d. 1658) TITLE Dissertatio de Corde http://eee.uci.edu/~papyri/bibliography/b.html

A B C D ... Anon B AUTHOR J. H. B. TITLE Annotatio de polline plantarum ex Epistola ad Amicum URL http://www.bbaw.de/bibliothek/digital/struktur/01-misc/3/jpg-0600/00000023.htm bessarion SITE Akademiebibliothek SUBJECT Botany NOTES Dpr from Miscellanea Berolinensia ad incrementum scientarum , vol. 3 (1727) pp. 21 - 24 AUTHOR Baccanello, Giovanni Battista TITLE De consensu medicorum, in cognoscendis simplicibus liber URL http://gallica.bnf.fr/scripts/ConsultationTout.exe?O=n053522 SUBJECT Medicine the 1556 Venice edition and the 1572 Lyon edition are also available); downloadable pdf and tiff formats AUTHOR Baccanello, Giovanni Battista TITLE De consensu medicorum, in curandis morbis, libri quatuor URL http://gallica.bnf.fr/scripts/ConsultationTout.exe?O=n061015 SUBJECT Medicine NOTES Dpr of the 1556 Venice edition (a dpr of the 1572 Leiden edition is also available); downloadable pdf and tiff formats AUTHOR Bacchettoni, Hieronymus L. TITLE Anatomiae medicinae theoreticae et practicae ministra cautelisque in praxi observandis illustrata URL http://www.literature.at/webinterface/library/ALO-BOOK_V01?objid=11834

37. THE EXPEDITION OF THE ENGLISH KNIGHT SIR FRANCIS DRAKE TO THE WEST INDIES IN THE Fanum D. Iacobi, D. Dominici, D. Augustini Goring, Robert Pew, George Barton, WalterBigges, Richard Stanton companies of Captains Barton and Bigges to board http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Documents/Expedition_Drake_1585.htm

Under Elizabeth , to a large extent the success of a transatlantic expedition was evaluated by the amount of booty procured: it was expected not only to pay for itself but also to turn a profit for its participants and backers, a kind of joint-stock company. Measured by this yardstick, Sir Francis Drake 's 1585-86 West Indies expedition was a dismal failure. He learned that holding a city for ransom was an unprofitable substitute for capturing treasure ships, for the colonial citizenry simply did not have very much money to offer. Measured by the calculus employed in modern warfare, however, it was considerably more successful. Besides the considerable damage inflicted on Spanish prestige and morale, and the corresponding boost for the English, the descent of an entire enemy fleet and army produced a loud chorus of yelps from frightened colonial governors and municipalities, and all the manpower, material and pesos Felipe was obliged to invest in providing adequate defense for his American holdings had to be subtracted from his resources for current fighting in the Netherlands and a projected invasion of England. The fullest account to emanate from the English side, which served as the basis for subsequent accounts (such as those of Hakylut and Camden), is well known to historians. This was printed at London by Richard Field in 1589 under the title

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

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