21. Exobiology Defined exobiology. A Program of NASA s Solar System Exploration Division. Writtenby NASA exobiology Program Manager Michael A. Meyer. http://exobiology.nasa.gov/ssx/exobiology.html

Go to: NASA Space Science Solar System Exploration Exobiology Branch EXOBIOLOGY A Program of NASA's Solar System Exploration Division Written by NASA Exobiology Program Manager: Michael A. Meyer The goal of NASA's Exobiology program is to understand the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the universe. Research is focused on tracing the pathways taken by the biogenic elements, leading from the origin of the universe through the major epochs in the evolution of living systems and their precursors. These epochs are 1) The cosmic evolution of the biogenic compounds, 2) prebiotic evolution, 3) the early evolution of life, and 4) the evolution of advanced life. The principal goal of research in the area of the cosmic evolution of the biogenic compounds is to determine the history of the biogenic elements (C, H, N, O, P, S) from their birth in stars to their incorporation into planetary bodies. Six stages in this history have been defined for study: 1) nucleo-synthesis and ejection into the interstellar medium, 2) chemical evolution in the interstellar medium, 3) protostellar collapse, 4) chemical evolution in the solar nebula, 5) growth of planetesimals from dust, and 6) accumulation and thermal processing of planetoids. Potential missions associated with this area include the comet missions, a space station cosmic dust collector and the use of airborne and orbital observatories such as the Kuiper Airborne Observatory and the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF).

22. EXOBIOLOGY: An Interview With Stanley L. Miller Beach An interview with exobiology pioneer, Dr. Stanley L. Miller, Universityof California San Diego. Excellence. Join the exobiology discussion. http://www.accessexcellence.org/WN/NM/miller.html

Image credits From Primordial Soup to the Prebiotic Beach An interview with exobiology pioneer, Dr. Stanley L. Miller , University of California San Diego By Sean Henahan, Access Excellence Join the exobiology discussion 1n 1953, a University of Chicago graduate student named Stanley Miller working in Harold Urey's lab flipped a switch sending electric current through a chamber containing a combination of methane, ammonia, hydrogen and water. The experiment yielded organic compounds including amino acids, the building blocks of life, and catapulted a field of study known as exobiology into the headlines. Since that time a new understanding of the workings of RNA and DNA, have increased the scope of the subject. Moreover, the discovery of prebiotic conditions on other planets and the announcement of a bacterial fossil originating on Mars has brought new attention to the study of life's origins. I spoke with Dr. Miller in his lab at UCSD about the field he has helped to make famous, exobiology. Let start with the basics. Can you give a simple definition of exobiology?

23. Part I. Lander Science exobiology. JD Farmer and DJ DesMarais, NasaAmes Research Center and HP.Klein, Universityof Santa Clara More on exobiology. The exobiology Group at NASA-Ames. http://cmex-www.arc.nasa.gov/MarsTools/Mars_Cat/Part_1/exo.html

Exobiology J.D. Farmer and D.J. DesMarais, Nasa-Ames Research Center and H.P.Klein, University of Santa Clara Introduction This section is derived from Farmer et al. (1993) and includes discussion of a site selection strategy. The fundamental question in exobiology concerns the origin of life. Understanding the chemical and physical processes that led to life on Earth, including conditions under which this occurred, is a primary goal. Currently accepted hypotheses for the origin of life are based on chemical evolution, which proposes that a system of replicating chemicals arose on Earth from simple compounds present on the newly accreted planet, and/or supplied from volatile-rich impacting bodies. Major exobiology goals for Mars are to: Determine whether a biosphere presently exists on Mars, or has existed at some time in the past Define the nature of early martian environments, especially those regarded as favorable for the origin and subsequent development of life Understand the geochemistry of the biogenic elements (C, N, O, S, P) and organic compounds In order to achieve these goals, objectives include exploration for organic compounds, water and/or biologically-important minerals (such as carbonates, sulfates, phosphates), a fossil record, and the presence of extant life (Farmer et al., 1993).

24. Astronomy Supplement - Exobiology Astronomy Supplement 25. exobiology. Latest Modification October26, 1998. Table of Contents. 25.1. Life in the Solar System 25.1.1 http://www.physics.gmu.edu/classinfo/astr103/CourseNotes/ECText/ch25_txt.htm

Astronomy Supplement 25. Exobiology Latest Modification: October 26, 1998 Table of Contents 25.1. Life in the Solar System 25.1.1. The Chemistry of Life on Earth Box 25.1. - The Genetic Code, DNA Molecules 25.1.2. Intelligent Humanoids 25.1.3. The Search for Life in the Solar System 25.2. Life in the Universe 25.2.1. Beyond the Solar System 25.2.2. How Many Civilizations in Our Galaxy Now? 25.2.3. Extraterrestrial Communication and Interstellar Travel 25.2.4. Has the Earth Been Visited? 25.3. Traveling the Universe? 25.3.1. Interstellar Travel 25.3.2. Has the Earth Been Visited? Biologists are not unanimous on all the factors in the definition of life, but most agree that life is different from nonlife: It evolves or changes (by chance mutations or otherwise) as time goes on while interacting with its environment in a unique way. But most important, life is not a "thing", it is a process made up of an unimaginably large number of complex chemical reactions that collectively produce all the characteristics we associate with life. 25.1. Life in the Solar System

25. Institute For Exobiology Institute for exobiology. Our purpose is to allay the confusion and disinformationsurrounding exobiology and ufology. HR Olson, MA. howard.olson@usa.net. http://members.tripod.com/~hrolson/

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Institute for Exobiology The Institute for Exobiology [base for Libertarian UFO Network] is dedicated to scientific research and dissemination of information about extraterrestrial life. Our purpose is to allay the confusion and disinformation surrounding exobiology and ufology. H R Olson, MA howard.olson@usa.net Relevant Links Meta Research (Washington, DC) Dr. Tom Van Flandern's excellent website. He has a PhD in Astronomy from Yale and is a former Chief of celestial mechanics of the US Naval Observatory. Federation of American Scientists Excellent online discussions about Mars and Space Policy open to all The McDaniel Report Prof. Stanley McDaniel's excellent website about the Cydonia region of Mars Operation Right to Know (ORTK) ORTK has a no nonsense approach to the end of UFO secrecy The RNA World An interesting summary and critique of the molecular evolution of RNA. Libertarian UFO Network Political (or Anti-Political?) Branch of this Site ExoScience site Rational approach to Space Sciences The Institute for Exobiology is involved in fundamental research in molecular exobiology. It is also involved with activism to help undo the cold-war mentality surrounding the subject of UFOs. It will be our goal to cooperate with groups like Operation Right to Know to inform the public about the relationship between exobiology and ufology. The Institute will also be involved in development of a dialog among ufologists in the Libertarian Party for a radical libertarian perspective on the ending of the UFO Cover-up. Please e-mail me with any questions vis a vis the Institute and its research or activist goals.

26. Exobiology References exobiology References. Gustaf Arrhenius 1991); A. Brack, Why exobiologyon Mars? 44 Planetary and Space Science 1435 (Nov. 1996). P http://members.tripod.com/~dcypser/pp/exo.html

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Exobiology References Gustaf Arrhenius, and Stephen Mojzsis, Extraterrestrial life: Life on Marsthen and now, 6 Current Biology 1213 (1996) K. Biemann, et al, The Search for Organic Substances and Inorganic Volatile Compounds in the Surface of Mars, Scientific Results of the Viking Project 4641 (reprinted from Jour. of Geophysical Res.) (Sept. 30, 1977). R. J. Bond et al, Microorganisms on Mars, 156 Science 1436 (1967) William A. Bonner,Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Sources of Molecular Homochirality, 21 Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 407 (1991) A. Brack, Why exobiology on Mars? 44 Planetary and Space Science 1435 (Nov. 1996). Michael Carlowicz, Did Mars Once Harbor Life? 76 EOS, Trans. of Amer. Geophys. Union 442 (1995) S. Chang, Organic Chemical Evolution, Life in the Universe 21 (J. Billingham, ed. 1981). Chemical EvolutionPhysics of the Origin and Evolution of Life: Proc. 4th Trieste Conf. Chemical Evolution, (Julian Chela-Flores and Francois Raulin, eds. 1996). Comets and the Origin and Evolution of life (Paul J. Thomas, Christopher F. Chyba, Christopher P. McKay, eds., 1997).

27. Www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/3870/ Astrochemistry s LinksOrigin of Life, exobiology, Astrobiology. a page of links and more. exobiologyis the study of the origin of life on this or other planets. http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/3870/

28. ThinkQuest : Library : Astrobiology: The Living Universe Introduction to exobiology. Last updated 30/1/01. What is exobiology? exobiologyis the study of organisms that originate from outside of Earth. http://library.thinkquest.org/C003763/index.php?page=exobio01

29. ThinkQuest : Library : Astrobiology: The Living Universe exobiology Companion Guide. Note All Companion Guides are intendedto be read alongside the pages discussed it might be useful http://library.thinkquest.org/C003763/index.php?page=lesson01

30. Sciforums.com. Intelligent Community 322. 5,057. Tristan. Astronomy, exobiology, Cosmology(1 Viewing). amateur astronomy, astrophysics, exoscience. http://www.exosci.com/

User Name Remember Me? Password Welcome to the sciforums.com. If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above. You may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. To start viewing messages, select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below. Life Free Thoughts (5 Viewing) random ideas, thoughts, trivialities QUIZ: Are you a Muslim? by DeeCee (3 Viewing) literature, film, music, art looking for the scariest... by sevenblu Congrats World World Events (7 Viewing) What is root cause to... by hypewaders CounslerCoffee goofyfish Politics (3 Viewing) Reagan Dead at 93 by DeeCee CounslerCoffee goofyfish Economics (2 Viewing) Implications of OPEC trading... by vodooeconomist History Your help with an experiment... by kazakhan Science (4 Viewing) Flying by Kunax (4 Viewing) scientific ethics, social responsibility How many people have to die... by sideshowbob Human Science (1 Viewing) psychology, cognition, sociology, anthropology, archaeology Why the Lover Whispers Sweet...

31. The UK Astrobiology Forum And Network UK Astrobiology Forum and Network. These pages have moved to http//astrobiology.rl.ac.uk/.Move done 2001 May 15th, Hosted at RAL, Maintained by Alan Penny. http://ast.star.rl.ac.uk/exobiology/

UK Astrobiology Forum and Network These pages have moved to http://astrobiology.rl.ac.uk/ Move done: 2001 May 15th Hosted at RAL Maintained by Alan Penny

32. The UK Astrobiology Forum And Network: Introduction UK Astrobiology Forum and Network Introduction. This website holdsinformation on two bodies involved in astrobiology in the UK. http://ast.star.rl.ac.uk/exobiology/introduction.html

UK Astrobiology Forum and Network Introduction This website holds information on two bodies involved in astrobiology in the UK. The UK Astrobiology Forum is a committee of the British National Space Centre set up to act as a central body to encourage and promote the science of astorbiology within the UK. The UK Astrobiology Network is an informal nwtwork to promote communication between UK people active in astrobiology who have registered with the Network, together with their astrobiolgy interests. Last Updated: 1999 October 3rd Hosted at RAL Maintained by Alan Penny UK Astrobiology Forum

33. Stellar.arc.nasa.gov/EXPLORATIONS/FRONTIERS/exobiol.html exobiology of Comets and Meteorites Annotated BibliographyThe Net Advance of Physics ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHIES, No. 1. Organicand PreBiotic Chemistry of Meteorites and Comets 1834-1996. http://stellar.arc.nasa.gov/EXPLORATIONS/FRONTIERS/exobiol.html

34. Exobiology, Exobiology. Further info exobiology and Life on Mars. Back to E. For explicit instructionson how to order the books, videos and other merchandize http://www.occultopedia.com/e/exobiology.htm

Home Browse Alphabetically Topics Latest Strange News ... Occultopedia An Encyclopedia of the Occult, the Unexplained, Myths and more... Submit an Article Shopping Additions and Updates ... Links Exobiology No Frames Navigation Info The study of the conditions necessary to support the independent development of extraterrestrial life. Direct proof has not yet been found of life anywhere in the universe other than on the earth, but scientifically sound arguments have been advanced in support of such a possibility. The findings of modern astronomy suggest that a large number of stars in the universe could have planets orbiting around them that provide conditions suitable for life, and laboratory experiments have clearly demonstrated that the molecules necessary for life can be formed under a wide range of conditions. Related books: Are We Alone? Philosophical Implications of the Discovery of Extraterrestrial Life Extraterrestrial Intelligence Life in the Universe: Scientific American - A Special Issue Looking for Earths: The Race to Find New Solar Systems ... The Quest for Alien Planets: Exploring Worlds Outside the Solar System Click here for more related books Further info: Exobiology and Life on Mars Back to E For explicit instructions on how to order the books, videos and other merchandize offered throughout the links on this site, check our

35. Exobiology - Life In The Universe exobiology Life in the Universe. Astronomy Homework Research Help. Compiledby Gary Agranat GCA7Sky@AOL.Com. exobiology - Life in the Universe. http://members.aol.com/gca7sky/life.htm

Exobiology - Life in the Universe Astronomy Homework Research Help Compiled by Gary Agranat GCA7Sky@AOL.Com Up Home Astronomy Main Index "There was a time, not so long ago, when most scientists considered the possibility of life elsewhere as a kind of science fiction subject to be readily dismissed. You don't come upon such opinions so often anymore. . . There is a good reason for that. For the first time we are able to actually explore the question. For thousands of years you could only guess. Now there are experiments that can be done." - Carl Sagan (1974, NOVA - The Search for Life) Contents Exobiology - Life in the Universe Origin and Development of Life on Earth Search for Life on Mars SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) ... Some Biology Reference Exobiology - Life in the Universe Federation of American Scientists Space Policy Project Life on Mars Storming the Heavens - Life in the Universe ... Search for ET! -Are Humans All Alone in the Universe JST Virtual Science Center (Japan). In English and Japanese.

36. Exobiology Search Infoplease Info search tips. Search Biographies Bio search tips. encyclopediaEncyclopediaexobiology. Related content from HighBeam Research on exobiology. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0818031.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... D-Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia exobiology exobiology or astrobiology, search for extraterrestrial life within the solar system and throughout the universe. Philosophical speculation that there might be other worlds similar to ours dates back to the ancient Chinese and Greeks. However, the achievements of space exploration and molecular biology have turned speculation into experimentation. Sections in this article: Introduction Parameters of a Suitable Environment for Life The Search for Primitive Life Bibliography The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Exmouth, Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount exocrine gland Related content from HighBeam Research on: exobiology EXOBIOLOGY: Finding Life's Limits (Science) exobiology (The Hutchinson Dictionary of Science) E.T., You May Be Home Already.(Time 100: The Next Wave/Innovators/Exobiology)(Brief Article)

37. Dossier Science Exobiologie Translate this page exobiology Life Outside planet Earth. Table of content. The originof life on Earth. Life could origin from another world. Francis http://www.astrosurf.com/astro_cosmos/exobiologie/enexobio.htm

Welcome Cosmology Solar System Universe ... Astronomicals News Exobiology : Life Outside planet Earth Table of content The origin of life on Earth Life could origin from another world Francis Drake and the search for intelligence The Drake equation ... The difficulties in the Drake's equation The new constraints The corrected Drake equation Exobiology is the science which studies life in an environment outside the planet Earth and focus on the origin of life, its distribution in the universe and its evolution. Life is defined as an cellular element containing codified instructions necessary for its reproduction. It seems evident that life emerge early on planet Earth and the study of its evolution with the help of the exobiology tells us how life could emerge on the primitive Earth.

38. Astrobiology - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Xenobiology (also known as exobiology or astrobiology) is the term for a speculativefield within biology which considers the possible variety of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrobiology

Astrobiology From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Astrobiology is the study of the living universe. Advances in science and technology are yielding dramatic new knowledge about the origin, distribution, and destiny of life. Scientists have analyzed complex organic chemistry in interstellar clouds of gas and dust and have discovered more than 100 planets outside of our solar system. Life on Earth has been found thriving at environmental extremes such as in Antarctic rocks, boiling hot springs, and aquifers buried kilometers below the land surface. We have found that liquid water, the one essential ingredient for life as we know it, once flowed on the surface of the planet Mars and exists today below the icy crust of Jupiter 's moon, Europa . Life on Earth has been traced back 3.8 billion years to the period of heavy cometary bombardment, an era that simultaneously brought life-giving water and organic compounds to the terrestrial planets while battering them with lethal quantities of impact energy. We are discovering both the fragility and robustness of life as we investigate the history of mass extinctions on our planet (including extinctions taking place today), the subtle alterations in climate triggered by volcanic eruptions and human industry, and the destruction of our planet's protective shield of ozone.

39. Exobiology Module Sample Teaching Module in. exobiology. . Snipped from School. http//ljhs.sdcs.k12.ca.us/faculty/SBrown/exobiology/contents.html.. One http://www.gecdsb.on.ca/d&g/astro/html/Exobiology.html

Sample Teaching Module in Exobiology Snipped from the on-line course Exobiology for High School Students by Steve Brown, Science Teacher at La Jolia High School http://ljhs.sdcs.k12.ca.us/faculty/SBrown/exobiology/contents.html One Thread of BioPoint, an on-line Full-year Secondary Biology Course (which in turn is a thread of the Science Learning Network) [Science Learning Network: http://www.sln.org/ ABSTRACT Exobiology is a discipline that deals with the origin, occurrence and distribution of life in the Universe. Although this subject is of widespread interest to high school science students, it is not generally dealt with comprehensively in most textbooks. In addition, teachers often have inadequate resources available to prepare classroom presentations on how life may have begun on Earth and whether these processes might take place elsewhere in the solar system and the Universe. This module provides introductory teaching lessons for classroom coverage of Exobiology and the origin of life that is suitable for use in both general and advanced high school biology courses. INTRODUCTION Any discussion of the origin of life must first consider the definition of life. This Exobiology teaching module defines life is an autonomous replicating system that evolves by natural selection. With this definition, the origin of life is synonymous with the origin of evolution. The transition from the abiotic chemistry of the primitive Earth to the first self-replicating molecular systems capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution marked the point of the origin of life. On Earth, subsequent evolution of these self-replicating molecules then gave rise to the RNA world and ultimately the DNA/protein world that is characteristic of all modern life.

40. MSN Encarta - Exobiology exobiology. How to cite this article exobiology, Microsoft® Encarta® OnlineEncyclopedia 2004 http//encarta.msn.com © 19972004 Microsoft Corporation. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761563487/Exobiology.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items see also Life origin of life on Earth more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Exobiology News Search MSNBC for news about Exobiology Internet Search Search Encarta about Exobiology Search MSN for Web sites about Exobiology Also on Encarta Editor's picks: Good books about Iraq Compare top online degrees What's so funny? The history of humor Also on MSN Summer shopping: From grills to home decor D-Day remembered on Discovery Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement Exobiology Multimedia 3 items Article Outline Introduction The Probability of Life in the Galaxy Looking for Life Beyond Our Solar System ... Prospects for Discovery I Introduction Print Preview of Section Exobiology , study of the origin, evolution and distribution of life in the universe. Exobiologists investigate how the formation of stars and solar systems led to the existence of planets suitable for life, how life originated on Earth and perhaps elsewhere, and which factors influenced biological evolution. The understanding of these events shape the study of how life arises and evolves in the universe.

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