41. Hispanic Latino Leadership Institute American continent originated from (1) indigenous people, (2) people was composed of many peoples with different eg Benin, Oyo, Ghana, yoruba (Niger), Mali http://p2001.health.org/Cti07/suppfsm4.htm

Back to Table of Contents Cont'd. Module IV: Facilitator Supplements Informational Sheet: African Culture Introduction: The three major cultural influences of the Latin American continent originated from: (1) Indigenous people, (2) people from Africa, and (3) people from Spain and the Mediterranean. This informational sheet describes cultural characteristics of African peoples-particularly from the East Coast and Central Africa-in 1492. Research has demonstrated that Africa was the birthplace of humankind. In 1492, Africa was composed of many peoples with different histories and a different cultural development that was mainly the result of their varied origins and environments. The great civilizations of Africa developed primarily along the coastal areas, and in certain areas of Central Africa where the land was fertile. By 1492, great empires had developed e.g. Benin, Oyo, Ghana, Yoruba (Niger), Mali, and others. Each of these empires had its own characteristics: some were famous for their use of bronze and iron, some for their political organization, some for their trade routes, some for the building of great cities (such as Timbuktu), and some for their policies in regard to law and order. The story of spirits and santería begins in Africa, among a nation of people called Yoruba. The Yoruba were and are a great urban people who, by 1492, had lived in cities for at least 1,000 years. They had been master brass and iron smiths, weavers and dyers, and carvers of some of the finest sculpture in the world. They achieved political importance in the 16th and 17th centuries as Yoruba trade routes spread over the whole of West Africa. The greatest of Yoruba achievements was the development of a subtle and complex religious way of life. This religion was carried by slaves to the New World, and preserved through 200 years of hardship.

42. Bibliography Of Indigenous Knowledge And Institutions Resource Values on indigenous peoples Are Nonmarket Valuation Agricultural Water Management in East africa." african Affairs The Rights of indigenous peoples in InterGovernmental http://www.indiana.edu/~workshop/wsl/indigbib.html

WORKSHOP RESEARCH LIBRARY Indigenous Knowledge and Institutions (2100 citations) Compiled by Charlotte Hess November 21, 2001 Abay, Fetien, Mitiku Haile, and Ann Waters-Bayer 1999. "Dynamics in IK: Innovation in Land Husbandry in Ethiopia." Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor Abbink, John. 1993. "Ethnic Conflict in the 'Tribal Zone': the Dizi and Suri in Southern Sudan." The Journal of Modern African Studies Acharya, Bipin Kumar. 1994. "Nature Cure and Indigenous Healing Practices in Nepal: A Medical Anthropological Perspective." In Anthropology of Nepal: Peoples, Problems, and Processes . M. Allen, ed. Kathmandu, Nepal: Mandala Book Point. Acheson, James M. 1994. "Transaction Costs and Business Strategies in a Mexican Indian Pueblo." In Anthropology and Institutional Economics . J. Acheson, ed. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. (Monographs in Economic Anthropology, no. 12). Acheson, James M. 1990. "The Management of Common Property in a Mexican Indian Pueblo." Presented at "Designing Sustainability on the Commons," the first annual conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Duke University, Durham, NC, September 27-30, 1990. Acres, B. D. 1984. "Local Farmers' Experience of Soils Combined with Reconnaissance Soil Survey for Land Use Planning: An Example from Tanzania."

43. Royalty.nu - Royalty In Africa - History, News, Books Books About the yoruba Kingdom of Benin (Nigeria). of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial africa by Adam in the deaths of 4 to 8 million indigenous people. http://www.royalty.nu/Africa/

Royalty.nu World Royalty > African Royalty > Books About African Royalty Related Topics Search African Royalty Click for news and information about: Botswana Egypt Ethiopia Ghana ... World Royal News April 7, 2004 Belgian fury at film on Leopold's Congo terror February 24, 2004 King Leopold's legacy of DR Congo violence . Thank you to Solomon for this link. For books about Leopold II and Congo, click here February 23, 2004 - Donald Tick sent this link with photos of the restoration of the former royal palace in Antananarivo, Madagascar (the accompanying text is in German only). The palace was burned down by arsonists in 1995. Located off the southeast coast of Africa, Madagascar is the world's fourth largest island. In the late 19th century it became a French colony and its last queen, Ranavalo or Ranavalona III , was sent into exile. Today Madagascar is an independent republic. Madagascar: The lost palace of Tana Der Rova von Antanananarivo (in German) Books About Madagascar February 17, 2004 - A BBC article about African royalty: Africa's mighty royals In pictures: Africa's royals Books About Ashanti Royalty Books About Zulu Royalty ... Books About Swazi Royalty February 8, 2004

44. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles People Name General yoruba, Ahori. Language. Primary Language Language Unknown. Onsite Church Planting Team indigenous Fellowship of 100+ http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=114772&rog3=BN

45. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles People Name General yoruba. Language. Primary Language yoruba. Language Code (ROL3) YOR, Ethnologue Listing. Languages Spoken 1. indigenous Fellowship of 100+ http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=111095&rog3=UV

46. Benin, Country, Africa: Land And People Land and People. The Fulani live in the north. French is the country s official language; Fon, yoruba, and other indigenous tongues are also spoken. http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0856903.html

Encyclopedia Benin, country, Africa Land and People voodoo originated here some 350 years ago but was only officially recognized in 1996. About 15% are Christian (largely Roman Catholic) and an equal number (living mostly in the north) are Muslim. Benin's population is concentrated in the southern portion of the country and in rural areas. Sections in this article: Introduction Land and People Economy Government History Bibliography ... Economy The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Print this page Cite this page AD AD AD ADS Link to Fact Monster Add Fact Monster search to your site ... Privacy Brought to you by:

47. The Yoruba Faith fusion of authentic yoruba from africa; indigenous native (Indian Basic yoruba belief involves ritual practices such religions, slaves and free people of color http://www.founders.howard.edu/reference/YorubaFaith.htm

The Yoruba Faith The Yoruba people are descendants from a variety of West African communities. They are united by Geography, History, Religion and most importantly Language... They all speak Yoruba. In present day West Africa, the main countries where Yoruba speaking people live are Nigeria, Togo and Benin. These countries are very close together. Many years ago, before African slavery, the Yoruba people inhabited an area which stretched, along the coast of West Africa, all the way inward and down to Angola in South West Africa. During the period of African Slavery, from the late 1500's to the late 1800's, millions of Yoruba people were forcibly taken out of Africa. Their numbers dwindled and so did their land area. After Slavery, the European powers (i.e.) the British; French; Dutch; Spanish and Portuguese, cut up the continent of Africa into different pieces and imposed new countries and languages in Africa. The Yoruba people suffered greatly, they were divided. Their people were scattered all over the Americas. They now spoke many different languages...Spanish, English, Dutch, French, and Portuguese. Yoruba Culture in the Americas During the period of African slavery, millions of African peoples including the Yoruba, were forcibly brought here to the Americas. The Yoruba and many other African peoples (see the chart above) worked as slaves, or forced labor on the plantations of different European nations:

48. Debunking The Northern Myth Of The So could an ethnic group led in Eko (yoruba for the have migrated from the corner of West africa come to tea or burukutu party held by the indigenous people but a http://www.gamji.com/NEWS1199.htm

Debunking the Northern Myth of the So-called Belief in Violence by the Yorubas and the Supremacy of Ethnicity as Factors in Nigerian Politics By Omoba Oladele Osinuga osinugao@hotmail.com It is imperative that in writing this article, issues raised in previous articles by Ahmed Tafida Jalingo titled “Ethnic cleaning Hausa/Fulani in Dilemma” Dr Aliyu Tilde’s; “Ige and nemesis” have sought to misrepresent the role of the Yoruba’s in nation building. In shaming a minority group of writers who take delight in peddling disunity and asserting cultural hegemony, I should start by espousing my antecedents and family ties to Northern Nigeria (could they say the same about themselves?). Firstly two uncles of mine both of blessed memory, Chief Hassan Odukale the late Chief Executive and Founder of Leadway Assurance PLC and his brother Pa A. Odukale, late Principal Private Secretary to the golden voice of Africa the late Prime Minister, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa extolled the virtues of coexistence, tolerance and living in harmony with people of Northern Nigeria. Secondly my spouse’s maternal grandmother family ties are Hausa. Thirdly as an indigene of the Ijebu Remo, a substantial minority of Hausa/Fulani have resided in the Sabo area of Sagamu – Remo since the turn of the last century. At this juncture it is pertinent to address the issues raised by certain disingenuous Northern writers within the past few weeks.

49. Dev-Shop Online: Indigenous_Peoples Decolonizing Methodologies Research and indigenous peoples Author Linda Tuhiwai Smith Publisher Zed Books Year yoruba Gurus indigenous Production of http://www.dev-zone.org/bookshop/Indigenous_Peoples/

SHOP HOME POPULAR More search options Dev-Zone in association with Amazon.com and Amazon.com.uk are now able to offer our website visitors the opportunity to purchase books, videos and CDs. While you are browsing our database you can order the item you want directly online. Each purchase you make will contribute a small amount to Dev-Zone. There is no extra charge for your purchases. Top : Indigenous Peoples Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples Author: Linda Tuhiwai Smith Publisher: Zed Books Year Published: ISBN: More about the Book pop (Added: 23-Jul-2000 Hits: 174) Order this book from Amazon.co.uk Bitter Sweet: Indigenous Women in the Pacific Author: Alison Jones (ed); Tamasailau Suaalii (ed); Phyllis Herda (ed) Publisher: University of Otago Press Year Published: ISBN: More about the Book (Added: 26-Aug-2000 Hits: 132) Order this book from Amazon.com Darkness in El Dorado: How Scientists and Journalists Devastated the Amazon Author: Patrick Tierney Publisher: Year Published: ISBN: More about the Book (Added: 1-Dec-2000 Hits: 78) Order this book from Amazon.co.uk

50. Indigenous WM From An African Perspective TWM, indigenous WM (africa). which is one of the largest cultural groups in Western africa consisting of over twenty million yoruba speaking people. http://twm.co.nz/afrwm_wilson.htm

TWM INDIGENOUS WM (AFRICA) COMMENT: Below is an exerpt from "The PK Man Seen From an African Perspective " by David Wilson - with thanks to Jeffrey Mishlove I have been fortunate over the past ten years to have had the opportunity to study the shamanism used in the rain forest of southwestern Nigeria. This is the traditional home of the Yoruba Nation which is one of the largest cultural groups in Western Africa consisting of over twenty million Yoruba speaking people. The shamanism of southwestern Nigeria is called " Ifa" which means "wisdom of nature". Based on my experience in the study and practice of this tradition I believe that there is value in examining the world view of Ifa as one possible paradigm for explaining the data collected by Dr. Mishlove in his study of the paranormal activity associated with Ted Owens. All Things Have Some Consciousness The world view of Ifa differs from the world view of mainstream Western metaphysics in two ways; Ifa teaches that everything in nature has some form of consciousness called ori , and it teaches that the world is a multi-dimensional reality . Most forms of shamanism teach the idea that the visible world is influenced by invisible worlds that co-exist in the same dimensional space as the physical world. The invisible realms are usually called "Spirit Worlds". The word "spirit" means "essential nature" or "essence". From a shamanistic point of view Spirits are fundamental Forces in Nature that help shape the physical reality perceived by the senses in a non-altered state of consciousness.

51. SIRIS Image Gallary Basuto, South africa South africa, Swahili Swahili. Bayombe, yoruba (african People) yoruba (african People the earliest images of indigenous people worldwide; and http://sirismm.si.edu/siris/naaLot97africaculture.htm

Photograph Collection ca. 1860-1960 Africa Culture Groups: African Afrikander Boer Afrikanders Ambo Ovambo Angola Angolan Antandroy Antanosy Anyi-Baule Ashanti Asante Bakota Bambara Bamileke Bangi Bantu Bantu, Interlacustrine Bara Ibara Bateke Baule Boers Boki Nki Bolki Bushmen Cameroon Chagga Wadschagga Chokwe Comoros Congo Democratic Republic Dan Dogon Habe Edo Bini Equatorial Guinea Fang Fan Fang Mpangwe Fang Pahuin Fon Dahomean Gabon Ganda Baganda Gcaleka Ge Gio Gola Hausa (African People) Haya (African People)" Herero Hottentot HottentotGrigriqua HottentotKorana Hura Ibo Igbo Ivory Coast Kalanga Makalaka Kamba (African People) Kissi Kisi Koba Kuba Kongo Konkomba Kota Kru Kru (African People) Kuba Bakuba Kuba Bushongo Kwangare Li Bali Liberia Lika Walika Lori, Barotse Luhya Bantu Kavirondo Lumbo Balumbo" Malagasy Rebulic Malinke Mandingo Mangbetu (African People) Masaka Mbundu Mbweni Namba Ndebele Manala Ndebele Matabele Ngere Ngwaketse Bangwaketse Nigeria Nusani Sarwa Masarwa Owerri Ibo Pelle Pessi Pende Bapende Pondo Mpondo Pygmies Rega Rhodesia Rolong Baralong Ruanda Senufo Shaangan Shangama Shona Mashona Siena Sierra Leone Soho Soko Soko Basoko Sotho Basuto South Africa Swahili Swazi Swazi Amaswazi Syrian Teke Thonga Shangana Tonga Togo Transvaal Ndebele Transval Ndebele Tswana Tswana Bechuana Tuareg Vai Vili Loango Viye Bihe West (African People)s Xosa Kaffir Yaka Bayaka Yombe, Bayombe

52. General Essay On The Religions Of Sub-Saharan Africa The choice of indigenous traditions has been made on the yoruba Beliefs and Sacrificial Rites London Longman, 1979 TO The Kaguru A Matrilineal People of East http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/sub/geness.html

General Essay on the Religions of Sub-Saharan Africa Religion in Sub-Saharan Africa has changed and evolved over the last two to three thousand years in many different ways. While the traditions depicted in this chart provide examples of those that exist today, and that were affected by the expansion of European colonialism in the 19th century, peoples living in the vast area south of the Sahara desert had already sustained rich systems of belief and practice long before the arrival of Christianity and colonialism, and certainly in some cases befroe the Muslim expansion from the Arabian peninsula. Islam entered Sub-Saharan Africa in the eighth century, and within six hundred years of the prophet's death had penetrated from the Sahara to the Sudanic belt, and from the Atlantic to the Red Sea, making its presence felt among the indigenous peoples who inhabited this expanse. Other transplanted religions have had virtually no impact upon Sub-Saharan traditions. With the exception of Judaism, these did not make any permanent incursion into the region until the 19th or 20th centuries. The chart suggests three wide areas of religious beliefs and practices: (I) Indigenous African religions; (II) World Religions (Baha'i, Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Sikhism and Zorastrianism); (III) New Religious Traditions (African Independent Churches).

53. Samuel Crowther Adjai The yoruba version was a most important milestone. Pioneer of the indigenous Church In 1854 a merchant and surveyed openings to the Nupe and Hausa peoples. http://www.gospelcom.net/chi/GLIMPSEF/Glimpses/glmps152.shtml

Christian History Institute tell a friend home contact us free newsletter ... get Glimpses BROWSE OUR INFO-PACKED PAGES Get our free newsletter. Order Glimpses or Kid's Glimpses. Who was born this day? It happened this day in church history. Back issues of Glimpses bulletins. Back issue of Kids' Glimpses Excerpts from Christian Heritage Library. Archive of earlier daily stories. Early church to 600 AD. Century-by-century thru church history. 100 most important church events. Supplemental stories. Stories behind famous sayings. Great Christian women. Dare we ask? Oddities and curiosities. Factoids: Interesting tidbits. Test your knowledge with these quizzes. Things to know about us. We need your support. Rate how we are doing. Best books. Where to find what in our site. Links to other sites. Index a b c d ... z Glimpses next story: greatest thing in the world last story: explosion of Christianity in Africa More Glimpses Glimpses index ABOUT GLIMPSES: GLIMPSES is a full-color Sunday school bulletin insert published by Christian History Institute

54. Map & Graph: Africa:Countries By People: Ethnic Groups Ewe 13%, Ga 8%, Gurma 3%, yoruba 1%), European who had been slaves), Congo People 2.5% (descendants Mozambique, indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Shangaan, Chokwe http://www.nationmaster.com/graph-T/peo_eth_gro/AFR

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #59 Libya is the only country with a single-coloured flag Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Added May 21 Mortality stats Multi-users ½ price Catholic stats Related Stats People who viewed "People - Ethnic groups" also viewed: Ethnic groups (note) Net migration rate Nationality (adjective) Persons per room ... People : Ethnic groups by country Scroll down for more information Show map full screen Country Description Sierra Leone 20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 30%), Creole (Krio) 10% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century)

55. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Benin, Country, Africa : Land And People (Benin Politica Benin benEn´ Pronunciation Key Land and People. French is the country s official language; Fon, yoruba, and other indigenous tongues are also spoken. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/B/BeninAf-land-and-people.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather SEARCH : in Reference June 12, 2004 You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Benin Political Geography ... Benin, country, Africa By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z B Benin, country, Africa, Benin Political Geography Related Category: Benin Political Geography Benin [ben E Pronunciation Key Land and People Although there are 42 ethnic groups in Benin, its population is divided into four main ethnolinguistic groups : Fon, Yoruba, Voltaic, and Fulani. The Fon-speakers, who live in the south, include the Fon, or Dahomey (Benin's largest single ethnic group), Aja, Peda, and Chabe subgroups. The Yoruba live in the southeast near Nigeria, the group's main homeland. The Voltaic-speakers live in central and N Benin and include the Bariba and Somba subgroups. The Fulani live in the north. French is the country's official language; Fon, Yoruba, and other indigenous tongues are also spoken. Nearly three quarters of the inhabitants follow traditional religious beliefs; voodoo originated here some 350 years ago but was only officially recognized in 1996. About 15% are Christian (largely Roman Catholic) and an equal number (living mostly in the north) are Muslim. Benin's population is concentrated in the southern portion of the country and in rural areas.

56. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Benin - People Facts And Figures HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS 120,000 important being Fon, Adja, yoruba, Bariba), Europeans Religions indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/bn/Benin_people.htm

Home World Map Rankings Currency Converter Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Benin (Facts) Benin - People (Facts) Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 47% (male 1,668,817; female 1,638,291) 15-64 years: 50.7% (male 1,739,517; female 1,834,231) 65 years and over: 2.3% (male 67,504; female 93,130) (2003 est.) Population growth rate: 2.95% (2003 est.) Birth rate: 43.15 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) Death rate: 13.65 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) Net migration rate: migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2003 est.) Infant mortality rate: total: 86.76 deaths/1,000 live births

57. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Nigeria - People Facts And Figures HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS 3.5 Religions Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%. Languages English (official), Hausa, yoruba, Igbo (Ibo http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/ni/Nigeria_people.htm

Home World Map Rankings Currency Converter Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Nigeria (Facts) Nigeria - People (Facts) Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 43.6% (male 29,322,774; female 28,990,702) 15-64 years: 53.6% (male 36,513,700; female 35,254,333) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 1,890,043; female 1,910,151) (2003 est.) Population growth rate: 2.53% (2003 est.) Birth rate: 38.75 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) Death rate: 13.76 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) Net migration rate: 0.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.99 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2003 est.) Infant mortality rate: total: 71.35 deaths/1,000 live births

58. Dancing To The Spirit Of Africa In Brazil by the West African slaves and the indigenous people of Brazil An estimated 80 percent of the people living in hold religious beliefs from the yoruba culture of http://www.gonomad.com/features/0109/koch_dancing.html

Join the GoNOMAD NETWORK. Get free newsletters, special offers and help support sustainable and responsible tourism. enter email address: Give your travel business the exposure it deserves. Click here to get listed in GoNOMAD's searchable directory Travel deals from Big World News and special offers from the GoNOMAD Network Travelogues, adventures, misadventures and more from real travelers... Check out sustainable and responsible tourism projects around the world that you can help support Shop the world for books, world music, travel accessories, handcrafts and more... Share your travels! Click here to submit your stories to us! Dancing to the Spirit of Africa in Brazil By Sheila Mary Koch Photo courtesy of Fogo Na Roupa Africa's spirit dances through the cobblestone and dirt streets of Salvador da Bahia Brazil . African-rooted traditions have so shaped Bahia's culture, that the northeastern Brazilian state has earned the name "Africa in the Americas." Born of this spirit, the soul-invigorating pulse of Afro-Brazilian music has ignited the rest of the world. San Francisco, California is where it found me. Something buried deep inside me burst into life when I heard those drums. After taking African-Brazilian dance classes for several years, I traveled with my dance teacher and other students to Salvador, Bahia's capital city, to discover for myself the source of this wonderful sound and spirit.

59. Africa Direct-Ethnographic Art, Trade Beads, Masks, Carvings, Artifacts, Textile . yoruba iron dance bell on staff $150.00. Height is 45 inches. . Full Description. Grebo mask, indigenous repairFINE $900.00. Mask. Grebo people....... Full http://www.africadirect.com/new2.html?category=New_Products&pagenum=10&start=270

60. Africa Direct-Ethnographic Art, Trade Beads, Masks, Carvings, Artifacts, Textile Terra cotta figureNok, yoruba? $217.00. Male Figure Unidentified People Northern Nigeria Height; 10.5 Inches. Long indigenous repair. Senufo people. http://www.africadirect.com/specials2.html?category=Specials&pagenum=24&start=69

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