61. South Africa: Folk Healers Vanishing - (United Press International) play a significant role in the lifestyles of the indigenous people. The young people, they know Khambi, an independent tour guide and a xhosa (pronounced KOsa http://washingtontimes.com/upi-breaking/20040409-031306-9867r.htm

April 19, 2004 Advertise Subscribe Site Map Front Page ... Wash. Golf Monthly South Africa: Folk healers vanishing By Steve Mitchell United Press International Part 6 of 8. UPI Medical Correspondent Steve Mitchell recently toured rural health facilities and wildlife reserves in South Africa and filed this report. MBOTYI, South Africa (UPI) The introduction of democracy to South Africa 10 years ago has brought about much-needed progress and improvement, but this same progress also might threaten certain cultural customs, such as the traditional healers that play a significant role in the lifestyles of the indigenous people. These "medicine men," known as sangomas, are found in many tribes in South Africa, including the Pondos and Xhosas. Just as with traditional healers found in other cultures, the sangomas use native herbs, roots and tree bark to make medicinal concoctions for everything from headaches to AIDS. They still are active in modern day villages, but as the government builds schools in these rural areas and more children receive a Western education, the sangomas no longer may be used and ultimately may fall by the wayside. "The young people, they know nothing of sangomas," Zukile Khambi, an independent tour guide and a Xhosa (pronounced KO-sa) living in East London, told United Press International.

62. Destination South Africa, Travel Guide On South Africa of the 20 th century, Nelson Mandela, is xhosa. indigenous South African cuisine is not wildly exciting culture reflects the ethnic diversity of its people. http://www.journeymart.com/DExplorer/Africa/SouthAfrica/default.asp?SubLink=DExp

63. Bring Back The 'Hottentot Venus' Nguni group of languages, and other xhosa cultural features. decision to declare this the Decade of indigenous People. to be lacking in South africa, where an http://www.racesci.org/in_media/baartman/baartman_m&g_june95.htm

Bring back the Hottentot Venus Date : 1995-06-15 A Quena woman who was shown in Europe as a circus freak last century is to be the subject of a documentary reviving the memory of South Africa's aboriginal people, writes Eddie Koch IN 1815 George Cuvier, surgeon general to Napoleon Bonaparte, was given the body of a Quena, or Hottentot, woman called Saartjie Baartman, who had died after living as a circus freak in England and France. The doctor made a plaster cast of the woman's corpse before he cut out her brains and genitals and preserved them in laboratory bottles. Ten years ago these commodities were still on display at the Musee de l'Homme in Paris macabre icons of those "little people" who suffered the worst forms of ethnocide anywhere in the colonial period and who are today largely forgotten, even though their descendants fill the ranks of South Africa's rainbow nation. Now a local researcher is spearheading a movement to return Baartman's remains so that the woman can be given the dignity that she was denied in her lifetime. The operation, dubbed "Bring Back the Hottentot Venus", is also designed to revive a popular memory of the aboriginal people who played a major role in shaping South Africa's past and present.

64. Surf Slang,south Africa,surf Lingo,surfrikan,afrikaans,surfing,surf Trips,semant Cape Malay people, the Afrikaners and indigenous people, notably the xhosa, Zulu and People from Holland, France, Java, India, China, Scotland, Ireland http://www.wavescape.co.za/bot_bar/surfrikan/slang_intro.html

Glossary Quaint sayings A glossary to South African slang NEW and IMPROVED ( updated Wed, 1 October 2003) Go straight to the dictionary Introduction South African slang is a crazy mixture of languages and cultures. There are influences from the Cape Malay people, the Afrikaners and indigenous people, notably the Xhosa, Zulu and Sotho people. There are 11 official languages. European and Eastern settlers have arrived on our shores over the years since the 1820s, when the first wave of English settlers arrived. People from Holland, France, Java, India, China, Scotland, Ireland, Germany and Italy have helped to create a vast, linguistically disparate, melting pot. Surfers, with their own unique style of speaking, have borrowed from this great semantic source and mixed in global surf terms to create a truly dynamic dictionary. Take a look at our comprehensive glossary . If you have a fragile temperament, stop here. The words listed in the glossary are from a several subcultures. Some of the more unsavoury ones do not necessarily represent the South African surfing culture. Some words are outdated. With the advent of the new South Africa, a few have fallen into disuse.However, they are so colourful and weird, we have retained them. Don't kill the messenger! Have we left any out?

65. Africa Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, xhosa, Zulu. Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages. 54 countries, over 1000 languages, 797 million people. http://members.tripod.com/the_english_dept/africa.html

THE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT English Speaking Countries in Africa North America Central America and the Caribbean South America ... Australia and Oceania Go to Home Site Map School Students Teachers Epals Brazil English Speaking Countries Personal Page This site belongs to Barbara Dieu EFL teacher and coordinator of the Foreign Language Department Lycée Pasteur, Curso Experimental Bilingue São Paulo, Brazil homebase for This is Our Time Project (French and Portuguese Speaking Countries) Last updated domingo 21 abril, 2002 19:12 [back to the top] Thanks to Mooney's Mini Flags Country Capital Language Botswana Gaborone English, Setswana Cameroon Yaonde English, French + 24 major African language groups The Gambia Banjul English, Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars Ghana Accra English, African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) Kenya Nairobi English , Kiswahili , numerous indigenous languages

66. The Pre-colonial Roots Of Soccer In South Africa Zulu and xhosa boys began learning at an early age soccer may not have become the people s game in for the centuries old tradition of indigenous athleticism. http://people.bu.edu/palegi/imidlalo.html

by Peter Alegi, 1997. UMLANDO WEMIDLALO EMASENDULO ENINGIZIMU AFRIKA: The Pre-colonial Origin of Soccer's Popularity in Modern South Africa INTRODUCTION HISTORIOGRAPHICAL PROBLEMS IN SOUTH AFRICAN SPORT STUDIES STICK FIGHTING TRADITIONS IN RURAL AREAS There was little time for leisure during the agricultural season between planting and harvesting. The leisure activities that did take place occurred in the late afternoon and evening hours, when men played a local version of the mancala board game, drank beer, or smoked dagga. Women had less leisure time than men, but, nevertheless, liked to participate in story-telling, singing, and dancing. When more time became available in the (dry) winter months men organized hunting parties, activities aimed at fulfilling both subsistence and leisure objectives. In a society where leisure was not seen as shameful, and time corresponded to the rhythm of the seasons and lunar cycles, the period between the harvest and the new planting season, presented rural South Africans, especially younger ones, with time to dedicate to leisure and sport. In a book by the uninspired title of The Essential Kafir , published in 1904, Dudley Kidd observed in Zululand that "[t]he boys have great fencing matches with sticks, every boy using two sticks, one to parry with and one for thrusting. They manage the sticks with wonderful agility, and it is a practice which is useful to them through life." Though most sources discuss boys' stick fighting, it appears that girls and male adults also fought with sticks. British Catholic missionary and self-proclaimed 'Zulu expert' A.T Bryant, in his monumental ethnography

67. OneWorld Africa - OneWorld Africa Home>In Depth>Human Rights>Indigenous Rights Story link From First peoples Worldwide Related regions Social exclusion indigenous rights Gender http://africa.oneworld.net/article/archive/573/400

OneWorld Africa home In depth Human rights Indigenous rights Search for in OneWorld sites OneWorld partners OneWorld.net OneWorld Africa OneWorld Austria OneWorld Canada OneWorld Finland OneWorld Italy OneWorld Latin America OneWorld Netherlands OneWorld South Asia OneWorld Spain OneWorld SouthEast Europe OneWorld UK OneWorld United States AIDSChannel CanalSIDA Digital Opportunity Kids Channel LearningChannel NEWS IN DEPTH PARTNERS GET INVOLVED ... OUR NETWORK 13 June 2004 Human rights Civil rights Disability Gender Indigenous rights Race Politics Religion Sexuality Social exclusion ... Help Full Coverage: Indigenous rights If you wish to look further into some topics fill out the search criteria below or select from the menu on the left. keyword topic select Development Capacity building Children Cities Agriculture Aid Education Emergency relief Energy Fisheries Food Intermediate technology International cooperation Labour Land Migration Population Poverty Refugees Social exclusion Tourism Transport Volunteering Water/sanitation Youth Economy Consumption Corporations Credit and investment Debt Finance Microcredit Business Trade Environment Climate change Conservation Environmental activism Forests Genetics Animals Nuclear Issues Atmosphere Oceans Pollution Biodiversity Renewable energy Rivers Soils Health Disease AIDS Infant mortality Malaria Narcotics Nutrition/malnutrition Human rights Civil rights Disability Gender Indigenous rights Race Politics Religion Sexuality Social exclusion

68. OneWorld Africa - OneWorld Africa Home>In Depth>Human Rights>Indigenous Rights America s indigenous peoples secondclass citizens . 12.10 http://africa.oneworld.net/article/archive/573/460

OneWorld Africa home In depth Human rights Indigenous rights Search for in OneWorld sites OneWorld partners OneWorld.net OneWorld Africa OneWorld Austria OneWorld Canada OneWorld Finland OneWorld Italy OneWorld Latin America OneWorld Netherlands OneWorld South Asia OneWorld Spain OneWorld SouthEast Europe OneWorld UK OneWorld United States AIDSChannel CanalSIDA Digital Opportunity Kids Channel LearningChannel NEWS IN DEPTH PARTNERS GET INVOLVED ... OUR NETWORK 13 June 2004 Human rights Civil rights Disability Gender Indigenous rights Race Politics Religion Sexuality Social exclusion ... Help Full Coverage: Indigenous rights If you wish to look further into some topics fill out the search criteria below or select from the menu on the left. keyword topic select Development Capacity building Children Cities Agriculture Aid Education Emergency relief Energy Fisheries Food Intermediate technology International cooperation Labour Land Migration Population Poverty Refugees Social exclusion Tourism Transport Volunteering Water/sanitation Youth Economy Consumption Corporations Credit and investment Debt Finance Microcredit Business Trade Environment Climate change Conservation Environmental activism Forests Genetics Animals Nuclear Issues Atmosphere Oceans Pollution Biodiversity Renewable energy Rivers Soils Health Disease AIDS Infant mortality Malaria Narcotics Nutrition/malnutrition Human rights Civil rights Disability Gender Indigenous rights Race Politics Religion Sexuality Social exclusion

69. Nature Publishing Group of variegate porphyria among black people has recently expect that comparative analysis of indigenous populations such as tribes such as the xhosa, Zulu, Venda http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nbt/journal/v19/n7/full/nbt0701

70. AllRefer Encyclopedia - South Africa : People (South African Political Geography People of African descent fall into several groups, based on their has 11 official languages, nine of which are indigenous Zulu, xhosa, Tswana, Sotho http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/S/SthAfr-people.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather SEARCH : in Reference June 12, 2004 You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia South African Political Geography ... South Africa By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z S South Africa, South African Political Geography Related Category: South African Political Geography The population of South Africa is 75% black (African) and 13% white (European), with about 9% people of mixed white, Malay, and black descent (formerly called "Coloured"), and 3% of Asian (mostly Indian) background. Although these ethnic divisions were rigidly enforced under the policy of apartheid South Africa has 11 official languages, nine of which are indigenous : Zulu, Xhosa, Tswana, Sotho, Swazi, Venda, Ndebele, Pedi, and Tsonga. Many blacks also speak Afrikaans (the first language of about 60% of the whites and the majority of those of mixed race) or English (the first language of most of the rest of the nonblacks). A lingua franca called Fanagalo developed in the mining areas, but it is not widely used today. About 68% of the population is Christian; major groups include the Dutch Reformed, Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, and Zionist churches. Over 28% of the population follows traditional African religions, and there are small minorities of Muslims, Hindus, and Jews. Sections in this article: Introduction Land People Economy Government History Bibliography Topics that might be of interest to you: apartheid Steve Biko Bloemfontein Boer ... F. W. de Klerk

71. AXIS GALLERY / STORE / OUT-OF-PRINT, USED & HARD-TO-FIND BOOKS to the use of gourds among the xhosa, Zulu, Swazi, Ndebele, and related peoples. museum collections, field photographs, diagrams, indigenous terms, and http://www.axisgallery.com/store/store-bop.html

Axis Gallery recommends the following books for a comprehensive library on South African arts. While we attempts to keep them in stock, price and availability vary, so please inquire before ordering. Other out-of-print and rare books pertaining to southern African art are available from time to time. Please register your want list with us, and we will try to assist in completing your library. Web Reference #: BOP1 TITLE: Africus: Johannesburg Biennale. DATE: 1995 NOTES: Includes essential biographies of artists participating in this seminal exhibition, which signaled South Africa's return to the international art arena after the years of isolation during the anti-Apartheid boycott. Several critical essays by leading writers. 303 pages, full color throughout. Web Reference #: BOP7 AUTHOR: Rory Doepel. TITLE: Ubu: + 101: William Kentridge, Robert Hodgins, Deborah Bell DATE: 1997 Web Reference #: BOP13 AUTHOR: Jane Taylor TITLE: Ubu and the Truth Commission DATE: 1998 Web Reference #: BOP14 TITLE: Art in South Africa: The Future Present DATE: 1996 Web Reference #: BOP15 AUTHOR: Gavin Younge TITLE: Art of the South African Townships.

72. St George S Park - Chapter 1 - Introduction The xhosa labourers who went to Kimberley introduced colonists did not allow the indigenous people to belong International tours to South africa inspired the http://stgeorgespark.upe.ac.za/content/unification/displayarticle.asp?artid=unib

73. People - Patrick McAllister - School Of Sociology And Anthropology - University McAllister, PA xhosa . In P. Blunt and DM Warren (Eds.) indigenous Organizations and Australian multiculturalism lessons for South africa ? Indicator South http://www.soci.canterbury.ac.nz/people/staff-pm.shtml

UC Home Courses Departments Library ... Home People Academic Staff Administrative and Technical Staff Tutors Research Assistants ... Postgraduate Students See Also UC Staff About the School Home School Contacts People ... Scholarships and Grants Patrick McAllister Position Associate Professor in Anthropology Appointed 1999 Qualifications B.A., B.Soc.Sc. (University of Cape Town, 1972) B.A. (Hons.) (University of Cape Town, 1973) M.A. (Anthropology) (Rhodes University, 1979) Ph.D. (Anthropology) (Rhodes University, 1987) Room Room 325 Contact Details Phone Internal Phone Email patrick.mcallister@canterbury.ac.nz Postal address School of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand Background Undergraduate Courses Anth 103: Culture and Society Anth 201: Anthropology of the Material World Anth 303: Ritual and Symbolism: Anthropological Approaches Graduate Courses Anth 403: Ritual Performance: Sacred and Secular Research Interests Politics of culture, ethnicity, multiculturalism, anthropology of performance, Xhosa religion and society.

74. Fire Sparks Conservation Movement In South Africa fellow of the environment division of South africa s Council for age of 23, and 2 percent to disabled people. Ukuvuka in the indigenous xhosa language means http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/11/1102_firestop.html

Sign up for our free e-mail newsletter Also see: Today's Top Stories This Story Volvo Ocean Race E-mail this story Fire Sparks Conservation Movement in South Africa Leon Marshall for National Geographic News November 2, 2001 For South Africans, something extraordinary has sprung from the devastation left by wild fires that swept the Cape Peninsula's scenic Table Mountain chain last year. In a society still suffering from deep divisions along racial, social, and economic lines, white and black, rich and poor, private and public sector institutions have joined forces under the banner of the Ukuvuka Operation Firestop program. The key objective of the Ukuvuka campaign is to combat the alien plant invasion that has made the Cape's wildfires progressively more dangerous. South Africa's Table Mountain system is home to one of the world's most diverse floral systems. Photograph by Nigel J. Dennis/CORBIS More News Kids News The Environment Travel National Geographic Channel Special Series Emerging Explorers TravelWatch National Geographic Out There Oceans ... Pulse of the Planet The January 2000 fire burned more than 23,500 acres (8,370 hectares) of mountain parkland. It could have been worse; a change in wind direction would have threatened the quaint coastal towns and the Cape Floral Kingdom that make the region an international tourist destination. The floral park, one of six in the world, is home to 8,600 plant species, of which about 70 percent can be found only in South Africa. "It could have been the most costly fire in the history of the country," said Guy Preston, chairman of the Ukuvuka steering committee.

75. SOUTH AFRICAN HEALTH FREEDOM NEWS FROM THE FRONT LINE in S.africa, unlike N.America, the indigenous people far outnumber people of European Spogter respects, Phillip Kubukeli, a prominent xhosa medicine man http://www.iahf.com/africa/980622r.html

Return-Path: jham@iahf.com X-Sender: jham@pop3.concentric.net Date: Tue, 26 May 1998 12:57:36 -0400 To: jham@iahf.com Subject: SOUTH AFRICAN HEALTH FREEDOM NEWS FROM THE FRONT LINE. >To: : >Subject: SOUTH AFRICAN HEALTH FREEDOM NEWS FROM THE FRONT LINES >Date: Tue, 26 May 1998 10:46:24 +0200 >This is the first chance I've had to communicate since arriving here in S.Africa. I am writing this from the Gaia Research Institute (the HQ of PHARMAPACT) here in Knysna where Stuart Thomson and his wife have been kind enough to put me up. Thus far, our mission to monkeywrench the Illuminati's plans to impose the Australian listings system on the world have been running smooth as silk, but we're BY NO MEANS out of the woods yet and badly need all of your ongoing prayers and assistance. >The main reason I came to S.Africa from a strategic standpoint is that Professor Folb, who PHARMAPACT got fired from the Chairmanship of the MCC, is a big man in the World Health Organization as Director of the WHO Collaborating Centre on Drug Policy...This Center attempts to set WHO drug policy for all WHO member nations around the world.

76. VirtualTourist.com - Kurtdhis's Grahamstown Travel Page This is frontier country where people of Khoisan, xhosa, Boer and British war ever fought by the British against the indigenous people in africa took place http://www.virtualtourist.com/m/4b04a/21eda1/

Kurtdhis's Grahamstown Travel Page. Travel experience, unbiased tips, reviews, and pictures on Grahamstown GRAHAMSTOWN: Travel Guide Hotels Flights Meet Travelers ... Grahamstown Search for: Places Members Keywords Advanced Join For Free! Member Login VIRTUALTOURIST... Members Forum Chat Travel Tools ... Help TRAVEL RESOURCES... Hotels Flights Vacations Car Rentals ... Featured Properties Sponsored Links for Grahamstown Hassle free holiday Plan your South Africa trip. Town, hotel Travel South Africa Find the Hotel You Want Hot Deals at Over 10,000 Hotels Search, Book and Save with Expedia! South Africa Travel Plan Your Trips with ORBITZ. Find Deals on Air, Hotel Hip Hotels South Africa Detailed reviews of South Africa hotels and lodges Click to enlarge. Name: Kurtdhis Real Name: Kurtdhis Lives in: Thailand Birth Date: December 7 Member since: Oct 23, 2002 Last Login: Jun 12, 2004 16:59 UTC Member's Time: Jun 13, 2004 07:14 ICT VT Rank External Page: kurtdhis.journalspace.com/ "The poorest of all men is not the man without a cent, but the man without a dream" Write to Kurtdhis Add Kurtdhis To Your Friends Kurtdhis's Travel Pages George Jeffrey's Bay ... more...

77. Enrico's Perspective One European invasions in the late 1800s, indigenous peoples had to and Venda tribes demonstrate that people can live the case of Cape Town is xhosa, and practice http://curry.edschool.virginia.edu/go/capetown/P-eperspective1.html

Perspective One: Enrico Pedro Comments on the Music Class Event Each event in Project Capetown is accompanied by a set of professional perspectives that address the issues raised in the questions at the end of the events. These perspectives are provided by Joanne Herbert, a teacher education professor at the University of Virginia, and Enrico Pedro, a South African graduate student in education also at the University of Virginia. The Perspective Clicking an item below will take you to the indicated part of this document, or you can scroll through the questions in order. Question One: These students have just crossed social and educational boarders to become part of a new culture, yet their music suggests they maintain a strong center in their tribal culture. Does this seem compatible with or contradictory to the idea of an integrated school? Question Two: Integration is still a problem in schools around the world. What do you know about some of the more and less successful efforts to integrate schools in your country? Question Three: If you were a music teacher in a Cape Town integrated school, would you encourage the maintenance of tribal singing groups or work to integrate black voices into existing choruses, or both?

78. Backpacker Essentials - South Africa bubblewrap, it s just the amazing xhosa language s click We also only take 12 people at a time concerned about developing tourism with indigenous people in a http://www.backpackeressentials.com.au/dec98_feb99/articles/africa.htm

I'm walking along the grubby streets of Hillbrow - the most notorious suburb of Johannesburg. Suddenly there is an ear-piercing bang. I jump out of my skin and squeal. I expect to feel warm blood oozing down my leg. But no, no blood, no pain: I've simply stepped on an ice-block wrapper and it's popped! People around me laugh and I laugh with them, climb down the lamppost, compose myself and carry on walking through the sunny streets crowded with hawkers selling colourful pyramids of fruit on plastic plates. I feel pleased to be alive in this buzzy place. This is South Africa - land of anecdotes, shootings, car-hijackings and muggings. Yet during the four weeks I was there I didn't experience, see or even take part in any crime, despite staying in Hillbrow for several nights. As Dale, manager of the Cloudbreak Backpackers hostel in Cape Town says, "People mustn't be too paranoid, not too overcome with fear. Just ask hostel staff for advice. The only incident we've heard of in the last few months is a backpacker who had his camera stolen." But don't get me wrong, it's not so gentle that it's boring. A journey in a minibus 'taxi' (variously referred to as 'combi' or 'black' taxi) with the hubbub of laughter and voices interspersed with people popping bubble-wrap will prove that.

79. PHILIP, John, South Africa, Congregational status of the Khoikhoi, the original indigenous people, after he states along the frontier of South africa to prevent chiefs, but in 1846 the xhosa War brought http://www.gospelcom.net/dacb/stories/southafrica/philip_john.html

Philip, John 1775 to 1851 Congregational South Africa Reverend John Philip was a highly controversial Scottish missionary who championed the rights of Africans and was a strong advocate of direct British rule. A self-assured man who started working at he age of 11, Philip had a stern moral sense. In 1794 he quit a good job in protest against child labor and eventually became a Congregational minister in Aberdeen. Philip took an active interest in the London Missionary Society. (LMS), which invited him to visit South Africa in 1818 for an investigation of mission conditions. He found the mission stations neglected and the local peoples oppressed by the settlers. His report to the LMS condemned the Society in the harshest terms. The LMS responded by establishing a central mission house in Cape Town and appointing Philip superintendent for South Africa. Philip returned to his new post in 1822 and built a chapel in Cape Town, from which he traveled throughout the colony. Because the LMS missionaries were often the only Europeans in outlying areas, Philip's access to information on current conditions made him influential in Cape Town. His earlier criticisms did not abate; if anything, they became stronger. His censures resulted in considerable improvement in the legal status of the Khoikhoi, the original indigenous people, after he published Researches in South Africa (1828) to plead their cause. He used this tract to lobby the British Parliament into passing an act supporting his recommendations. When he returned to Cape Town, he encountered a hostile reception. A prominent settler whom he criticized sued him for libel, and Philip lost. Friends paid his fine, but even they found him to be shrill in his criticisms. He clashed with Robert MOFFAT, who thought Philip vain and too sure of the benefits of mission stations for British trade.

80. GoaToday-March 1998(South Africa's Surprises) the area now known as South africa was originally coast where they were the first indigenous people to run The Nguni (Zulu, xhosa, Swazi and Ndebele) occupied http://www.goacom.com/goatoday/98/mar/keni.html

C O N T E N T S Cover Story... Editorial... Letters... From My Balcao... ... People... Feature Articles Memorable Music... God's Own?... South Africa's Surprises... Transport Titan.. ... A R C H I V E S TRAVEL South Africa's Surprises It is not for nothing that South Africa is known as the 'Rainbow Country', says Chandrakant Keni. In addition to 11 official languages and several ethnic groups, the country even has 20,00 Konkani-speaking people A safari to see the Big Five - lion, rhino, buffalo, leopard and elephant - roaming free in their natural habitat is one of South Africa's greatest attractions. There are several such parks in that country, but Mala Mala is reputed to be the top safari in the world. It is an exciting experience in the midst of the dense African bush. Quite accidentally we caught sight of a wild bull - at least a bull-like animal - casually piercing one of its horns in the trunk of a high and apparently dried tree. Water gushed out from the trunk of the tree and the bull quenched its thirst in royal style. The sound of gushing water attracted a variety of thirsty animals and birds who flocked around the tree to have their share of water. Was it a miracle? My driver, a gentleman of Indian origin, told me that the name of the tree was Baobab. It is a most unusual deciduous tree of Africa. The interior of its trunk, which may develop up to 9 metres in diameter, and the lower branches are soft and spongy and can store large quantity of water. They are leafless for most of the year, to reduce water loss. It is a slow growing tree reaching up to 18 metres in height and lives for thousands of years.

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