21. MSN Encarta - Africa the army had defeated the wolof and established ivory, some Central African peoples became professional European manufactured goods, indigenous African industry http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572628_16/Africa.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items African Art and Architecture African Languages more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Editors' Picks Africa News Search MSNBC for news about Africa Internet Search Search Encarta about Africa Search MSN for Web sites about Africa Also on Encarta Encarta guide: The Reagan legacy Compare top online degrees Proud papas: Famous dads with famous kids Also on MSN Father's Day present ideas on MSN Shopping Breaking news on MSNBC Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement Page 16 of 18 Africa Multimedia 159 items Dynamic Map View map of Africa Article Outline Introduction Natural Environment People of Africa Economy ... History J Abolition of the Slave Trade How the Atlantic slave trade came to be abolished has been the subject of ongoing historical debate. The traditional view argued by British historians for much of the 20th century was that the abolition of the slave trade was the result of a humanitarian campaign spearheaded by a handful of prominent British philanthropists. This view was challenged in the mid-20th century by historians who argued that it was hard economics, not humanitarian concerns, that ended the slave trade. According to this view, by 1800 colonial plantations were declining in profitability, while the spread of industry in Britain (

22. Video Mainframe Enforcement Education (CLEEN) of Nigeria, africa, provided WITNESS defend the rights of silent minorities and indigenous peoples. The speakers all speak wolof. http://www.witness.org/video/africa.html

Africa Americas Asia Europe Middle East ... U.S.A. Africa ALGERIA RAFD- Rassemblement Algerien des Femmes Democrates (RAFD), Algeria. RAFD was created in 1993 to advance womenÕs human and legal rights and to defend women against violence on all levels of society. RAFD # 1 Description not yet available RAFD # 2 Description not yet available Interview with Zazi Sadou Zazi Sadou, a member of RAFD, (Algerian Assembly of Democratic Women) describes her work with the feminist organization. Sadou assists women whose human rights have been violated by the governing theopolitical state actors. She details the horrors faced by women who refuse to wear a veil, who continue to work, and who assert their rights. She discusses how rape is used as a weapon of war, and the devastating effects it has on the victim, her family and society as a whole. BURKINA FASO Mouvement Burkinabe des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (MBDHP), Burkina Faso. Created in February 1989, this non-governmental organization (NGO) promotes, protects, and defends human rights in the 30 provinces of Burkina Faso and aims to uphold the human rights principles established in the International Human Rights Charter and the African Human Rights Charter. MBDHP #1 This footage, from the Mouvement Burkinabe des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (MBDHP), depicts everyday life in a home for abandoned children in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The footage includes interviews with people working at the children's home and with state employees who address the plight of these abandoned children.

23. Africa Development - Africa Economy An annotated guide to internet resources on economic development in africa. Information on debt relief for africa. The organization is a Food Security, Microfinance, indigenous peoples, etc . http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/devel.html

Topics : Development Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... 50 Years Is Enough: U.S. Network for Global Economic Justice Information on debt relief for Africa . The organization is a "coalition of 205 grassroots, faith-based, policy, women's, social- and economic-justice, youth, solidarity, labor, and development organizations dedicated to the profound tranformation of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Based in Washington, D.C. http://www.50years.org/index.htm AFAGRICT-L An electronic forum devoted to ICTs in Agriculture and Natural Resource Management in Africa . Has information on African telecentres and annotated directories by Mike Jensen to related web sites . http://www.agricta.org/afagrict-l/index.htm To subscribe, send email to: LYRIS@LYRIS.BELLANET.ORG In the message area put: SUBSCRIBE AFAGRICT-L FIRSTNAME LASTNAME Africa Action - U.S / Africa: Trade Wars, Part 1 and Part 2 June 29, 2003 report regarding U.S. subsidies to American farmers and their effects on African farmers, statement by the

24. People Like Me Viewer's Guide : Dance Style Locator : West African Dance dances from their Mandeng and wolof background, as groups, a land of predominantly indigenous people who occupied which was a back to africa movement that http://www.worldartswest.org/plm/guide/locator/westafrican.shtml

DANCES BY YEAR: current year DANCES BY STYLE (all styles, all years) 2004 Movement Styles: South African: Gumboot Bolivian/Peruvian Andes: Andean Dance Hawaiian: Hula North Indian: Kathak ... Spanish: Flamenco Related Topics: Body Music Plate Tectonics by Miriam Phillips (PDF download: 635KB) West African Dance Africa covers about one fifth of the world's land area and about an eighth of its people. It is a land of striking contrasts and great natural wonders, from the tropical rain forests of western and central Africa, to the world's largest desert, the Sahara, to vast grasslands, and the world's longest river, the Nile. Africa is divided into 53 independent countries and protectorates. The African people belong to several population groups and have many cultural backgrounds of rich and varied ancestry. There are over 800 ethnic groups in sub-Saharan Africa, each with its own language, religion, and way of life. Dance is a means of marking the experiences of life, encouraging abundant crops, and healing the sick soul and body. It is also done just for enjoyment. All ceremonial African dances have a purpose. They tell stories and relate history. African music and dance in its essence communicates concepts of life on an elevated level; dance to the African is universal, transcendent language. Traditionally, people throughout the continent of Africa achieve direct communication between themselves and their gods through music and many ritual dances, including many with masks. African dance embodies athleticism and a graceful beauty flowing with rhythm.

25. Royalty.nu - Royalty In Africa - History, News, Books in the deaths of 4 to 8 million indigenous people. by James F. Searing is about the wolof Kingdoms of about the nomadic Berberspeaking Tuareg people of North http://www.royalty.nu/Africa/

Royalty.nu World Royalty > African Royalty > Books About African Royalty Related Topics Search African Royalty Click for news and information about: Botswana Egypt Ethiopia Ghana ... World Royal News April 7, 2004 Belgian fury at film on Leopold's Congo terror February 24, 2004 King Leopold's legacy of DR Congo violence . Thank you to Solomon for this link. For books about Leopold II and Congo, click here February 23, 2004 - Donald Tick sent this link with photos of the restoration of the former royal palace in Antananarivo, Madagascar (the accompanying text is in German only). The palace was burned down by arsonists in 1995. Located off the southeast coast of Africa, Madagascar is the world's fourth largest island. In the late 19th century it became a French colony and its last queen, Ranavalo or Ranavalona III , was sent into exile. Today Madagascar is an independent republic. Madagascar: The lost palace of Tana Der Rova von Antanananarivo (in German) Books About Madagascar February 17, 2004 - A BBC article about African royalty: Africa's mighty royals In pictures: Africa's royals Books About Ashanti Royalty Books About Zulu Royalty ... Books About Swazi Royalty February 8, 2004

26. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Gambia, The - People Facts And Figures HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS 8,400 (2001 Muslim 90%, Christian 9%, indigenous beliefs 1%. Languages English (official), Mandinka, wolof, Fula, other http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/ga/Gambia_The_people.htm

Home World Map Rankings Currency Converter Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Gambia, The (Facts) Gambia, The - People (Facts) Population: 1,501,050 (July 2003 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 44.9% (male 338,497; female 335,503) 15-64 years: 52.4% (male 390,150; female 396,763) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 20,836; female 19,301) (2003 est.) Population growth rate: 3.03% (2003 est.) Birth rate: 40.77 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) Death rate: 12.35 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) Net migration rate: 1.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.08 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2003 est.) Infant mortality rate: total: 74.93 deaths/1,000 live births female: 68 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) male: 81.67 deaths/1,000 live births Life expectancy at birth: total population: 54.38 years male: 52.39 years female: 56.44 years (2003 est.) Total fertility rate: 5.53 children born/woman (2003 est.) HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 1.6% (2001 est.)

27. Africa Indigenous People Resources Bangwa africa, african Anthropology General Resources. By peoples http://www.archaeolink.com/africa_indigenous_people_resourc.htm

Bangwa Home Africa, African Anthropology General Resources By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... Zulu ArtWorld AFRICA -Bangwa "The Bangwa occupy a mountainous and part forested countryside west of the Bamileke in south-eastern Cameroon, near the headwaters of the Cross River. They comprise nine chiefdoms. People live in separate family compounds, sometimes with large meeting houses where visitors may be received." - From University of Durham - http://artworld.uea.ac.uk/teaching_modules/africa/cultural_groups_by_country/bangwa/welcome.html Bangwa People "Authority among the Bangwa was traditionally instituted as part of the Bamileke political complex. Like most of the western Grasslands people, Babanki political authority is vested in a village chief, who is supported by a council of elders, and is called Fon." You will find material related to Bangwa history, culture, arts, political structure and more. - From University of Iowa - http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Bangwa.html

28. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Senegal - People Facts And Figures HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS Religions Muslim 94%, indigenous beliefs 1%, Christian 5 Languages French (official), wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka. http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/sg/Senegal_people.htm

Home World Map Rankings Currency Converter Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Senegal (Facts) Senegal - People (Facts) Population: 10,580,307 (July 2003 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 43.7% (male 2,330,395; female 2,289,706) 15-64 years: 53.3% (male 2,707,195; female 2,929,998) 65 years and over: 3% (male 156,514; female 166,499) (2003 est.) Population growth rate: 2.56% (2003 est.) Birth rate: 36.23 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) Death rate: 10.88 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) Net migration rate: 0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2003 est.) Infant mortality rate: total: 57.57 deaths/1,000 live births female: 53.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) male: 61.34 deaths/1,000 live births Life expectancy at birth: total population: 56.37 years male: 54.83 years female: 57.95 years (2003 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.93 children born/woman (2003 est.) HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.5% (2001 est.)

29. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles People Name General wolof. Language. Primary Language wolof. Onsite Church Planting Team Yes. indigenous Fellowship of 100+ http//www.byhisgrace.com/wolof/. http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=110856&rog3=IV

30. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles indigenous Fellowship of 100+ Yes. http//www.wagateway.org/wolof.htm. Church planting Involved Korean Center for AdoptA-People Clearing House. http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=110856&rog3=SG

31. Map & Graph: Africa:Countries By Language: Languages Senegal, French (official), wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka. Mozambique, Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects. africa; the first language of most people is one http://www.nationmaster.com/graph-T/lan_lan/AFR

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #56 Many Americans live alone - America leads the world in one person households Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Added May 21 Mortality stats Multi-users ½ price Catholic stats Related Stats People who viewed "Language - Languages" also viewed: Main language Languages (note) English speakers School life expectancy (total) ... Language : Languages by country Scroll down for more information Show map full screen Country Description South Africa 11 official languages , including Afrikaans English , Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi , Tsonga, Tswana , Venda, Xhosa Zulu Cameroon 24 major African language groups

32. Map & Graph: Africa:Countries By People: Ethnic Groups 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, wolof 16%, Jola 10 who had been slaves), Congo People 2.5% (descendants Mozambique, indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Shangaan, Chokwe http://www.nationmaster.com/graph-T/peo_eth_gro/AFR

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #59 Libya is the only country with a single-coloured flag Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Added May 21 Mortality stats Multi-users ½ price Catholic stats Related Stats People who viewed "People - Ethnic groups" also viewed: Ethnic groups (note) Net migration rate Nationality (adjective) Persons per room ... People : Ethnic groups by country Scroll down for more information Show map full screen Country Description Sierra Leone 20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 30%), Creole (Krio) 10% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century)

33. Indigenous Knowledge - Home Page - Africa Region - The World Bank April 14, 2000 (in wolof, from Senegal that this hoax has gained credibility even among indigenous people. Education Programme Officers in East africa and South http://www.worldbank.org/afr/ik/fdbkrcvd.htm

Feedback on the IK Initiative March 7, 2001 ....As a local community, we use indigenous methods ... for the treatment of diseases. Some of these methods ... do not have any dosage that at times causes harm during our treatment; ...we don't have any defined method of preparation and dosage. We don't also know the side-effects which some of these herbs have.... science can help us bring to light medicinal plants, which are effective and safe for incorporation into formal health care system. This is why we are requesting for free books on herbs, vegetables and fruits. This will help us develop new methods of preparation and dosage. Please, if you have any means to help or advise us we will be very grateful... Herbs for a Healthy Living,Common Initiative Group c/o Mr. Neba Markanthony

34. Africa.iafrica.com | Countryinfo | Gambia, The | People THE GAMBIA People. Population 1 336 320 (July 1999 est.). Languages English (official), Mandinka, wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars. http://africa.iafrica.com/countryinfo/gambia/people/

var fullhost = window.location.hostname; document.cookie = 'site_session=5;domain=' + fullhost + ';path=/;'; Communities: [ h o m e ] AFRICA NEWS Exchange Rates African Sites World Links Travel in Africa Sun, 13 Jun 2004 GAMBIA, THE general geography people ... travel [Select country] Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Cent.Afr.Rep Chad Comoros Cote D'Ivoire DRC Djibouti Egypt Eq. Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia, The Ghana Guinea Guinea Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rep. of Congo Reunion Rwanda Sao Tome Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa St Helena Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda W. Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe Stock Exchange Egypt Ghana Kenya Malawi Mauritius Namibia Nigeria South Africa Tanzania Tunisia Zimbabwe You are in: Country Info Gambia, The People THE GAMBIA People Population: 1 336 320 (July 1999 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 46% (male 305 839; female 304 905) 15-64 years: 52% (male 341 947; female 348 163) 65 years and over: 2% (male 18 706; female 16 760) (1999 est.)

35. World Atlas Gambia, Africa, Information Page HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS 13,000 (1999 Muslim 90%, Christian 9%, indigenous beliefs 1 Languages English (official), Mandinka, wolof, Fula, other http://wonderclub.com/Atlas/gmcia.htm

World Wonders Atlas Wildlife Celebrities ... South America Gambia (Source of information on this page credited to the CIA's - The World Factbook Background: Gambia, The Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal Geographic coordinates: 13 28 N, 16 34 W Map references: Africa Area: total: 11,300 sq km land: 10,000 sq km water: 1,300 sq km Area - comparative: slightly less than twice the size of Delaware Land boundaries: total: 740 km border countries: Senegal 740 km Coastline: 80 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 18 NM continental shelf: not specified exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM Climate: tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May) Terrain: flood plain of the Gambia river flanked by some low hills Elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean m highest point: unnamed location 53 m Natural resources: fish Land use: arable land: permanent crops: permanent pastures: forests and woodland: other: 45% (1993 est.)

36. Africa's Legacy Cafi, the Arara, the Carabali, the wolof, and the Veracruz, was a crossroads where Mexico s indigenous culture blended The people on the west coast and in the http://smithsonianeducation.org/migrations/legacy/almthird.html

Africa's Legacy in Mexico Mexico's Third Root MEXICO'S THIRD ROOT Luz Maria Martinez Montiel W herever people gather in the poor fishing villages of Costa Chica on Mexico's southwest coastin their homes, on the streets, in the town squares during festivalssomeone is likely to step forward and start singing. These impromptu performers regale their audience with songs of romance, tragedy, comedy, and social protest, all inspired by local events and characters. At the heart of the songs, called "corridos," is a sense of human dignity and a desire for freedom rooted in the lives and history of the people of Costa Chica, many of whom are descendants of escaped slaves. The corridos reflect oral traditions inherited from Africa. The words are improvised, and a corrido that brings applause is apt to be committed to memory, to be sung again and again as an oral chronicle of local life. The lyrics are also rich in symbols, a tradition that may have started when singers among the first slaves invented "code words" to protest the cruelties of their masters.

37. Africa the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages Oshivambo Senegal, French (official), wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka, first language of most people is one http://www.ethiotrans.com/africa.htm

Africa Home About Africa Services Health Education Portfolio Get Quote ... ALRC County Flag Language Support Algeria Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Yes Angola Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages Yes Benin French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north) Yes Botswana English (official), Setswana Yes Burkina Faso French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population Yes Burundi Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area) Yes Cameroon 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official) Yes Central African Republic French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), Arabic, Hunsa, Swahili Yes Chad French (official), Arabic (official), Sara and Sango (in south), more than 100 different languages and dialects Yes Congo, Democratic Republic of the

38. SIM Country Profile Mauritius Ethnic Groups There are no indigenous peoples; all ethnic groups immigrated within the descended from early settlers, who brought workers from africa for the http://www.sim.org/country.asp?cid=32&fun=2

39. Senegal People Society. Senegal s main indigenous group, the wolof, has a highly stratified society with the griots (bards) at the lower rung but nevertheless http://www.journeymart.com/DExplorer/Africa/Senegal/default.asp?SubLink=DExplore

40. Colorado College } Summer Programs foreign language and culture credit in wolof. $3,000, which includes all expenses in africa. the power relationships that have marginalized indigenous people. http://www.coloradocollege.edu/summerprograms/summersession/courses/GeneralStudi

Summer Programs Summer Session Undergraduate Graduate/MAT ... Summer Conferences General Studies GS 107 1610 Cultural Studies in Francophone West Africa (taught in Senegal) (Cross-listed as FR327) 2 CC units (8 semester hours). Fulfills two units of humanities and the AP:B requirement at Colorado College. This course has two tracks: GS 107 emphasizes Wolof language and African culture studies. See FR 327, the French track, which emphasizes French/Francophone literature and culture studies and is taught in French. The course will introduce students to the intricate nature of contemporary West African cultures, largely through study and observation of prevailing cultural norms including caste, class, politics, religion, and arts and crafts. Students will participate in a variety of cultural activities, including, traditional batik making, Senegalese forms of dance and drumming. Guided field trips will introduce students to the museums and traditional cultural sites in Dakar, Saint-Louis, Gorea Island and also to the diverse nature of West African fauna and flora. Students who enroll in GS 107 will learn foreign language and culture credit in Wolof. Program Fee: $3,000, which includes all expenses in Africa. Students are responsible for their own airfare to Dakar. Students will be responsible for the purchase of course materials other than the photocopied handouts. (Colorado College students may apply for Intercultural Funds and funds from the Romance languages department).

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